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Anatomy > 11 Muscles (Lecture) > Flashcards

11 Muscles (Lecture) Flashcards

0
Q

Stiated and voluntary

A

Skeletal muscle

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1
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

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2
Q

Stiated and involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle

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3
Q

Unstriated and involuntary

A

Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Functions of skeletal muscle

A

Balance Reflex Sphincters Protects organs Generates heat

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5
Q

Superficial facia

A

Adipose tissue

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6
Q

Deep facia

A

Thin layer of connective tissue

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7
Q

Epimysium

A

Connective tissue that wraps around named muscles

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8
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds a muscle facilcle

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9
Q

Endomysium

A

Look up in lab manuel Wraps around each muscle fiber

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10
Q

Muscle segment

A

A named muscle

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11
Q

Fascicle

A

Holds a group of muscle cells

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12
Q

Muscle fiber

A

Another term for muscle cell

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13
Q

Origin

A

Point where a muscle attached stays stationary durning muscle contraction

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14
Q

Insertion

A

End of the muscle that moves

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15
Q

Agonist

A

Biceps

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16
Q

Antagonist

A

Opposes agonist Triceps

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17
Q

Synergistic muscles

A

Antagonist muscles that control fine movements

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18
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Muscle cell membrane. Can carry electrical signal spreads in waves Yellow stuff on model

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19
Q

Sarcoplasam

A

Fluid inside a muscle cell

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20
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Tends to store a large amount of calcium

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21
Q

The triad structure on a sarcomere is made of ? Parts and what are they?

A

T-tubules= 1 connects to little pores on the sarcolemma Cisterns= 2 runs between lateral sacs connects to sarcoplasmic reticulum

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22
Q

Myofibril

A

They are organelles Bundles of protein filaments

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23
Q

Myofillaments are ? What are the 2 types?

A

Proteins fibers Actin and myosin

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24
Myosin
Thick and dark filament has spurs. Myosin heads (spurs) at the end of each filament engage with actin during a muscle contraction. Myosin stays stationary during contraction.
25
Actin
Light thin filaments Active sites where myosin heads attach Actin slides during muscle contraction
26
Sarcomere
Is the functional unit of a contraction. Extends from Z line to Z line
27
I band
Actin only z line is the middle
28
A band
Dark band actin and myosin overlap
29
H band
Middle of A band myosin only
30
M line
Dead center of sarcomere
31
Z line
Length of one sarcomere Includes A band, H band, M line, and about half of an I band on each end
32
Draw Sarcomere
DO IT
33
Motor end plate
Converts chemical signal into electrical signal
34
Synapse
Space between terminal button and motor end plate.
35
Terminal button aka synaptic terminal
Releases NTR into synapse
36
T-tubule
Electrical signal enters muscle through T tube
37
Cisterns
Contain large amounts of calcium. Electrical signal coming through t tubule stimulates cisterns to dump calcium.
38
what is the trigger for muscle contraction.
Calcium is the signal for a myosin head to attach to actin.
39
All or none principal
Only applies to skeletal muscle When the contact they contract completely or not at all. Heavy vs light object more or less cells contract.
40
Muscular Dystrophy
Inherited, it is a abnormal dystrophin protein. This protein normally strengthens the sarcolemma. Sarcolemma tears in MD people.
41
Myasthenia Gravis
Autoimmune disease that destroys the motor end plate.
42
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( Lou Garrick's)
Destroys motor neurons
43
Rigor Mortis
ATP required to hold calcium on cisterns
44
Tonic muscle contraction
Remains contracted after stimulation is gone .
45
Phasic muscle contraction
When a muscle contracts then relaxes
46
isometric action
muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same.
47
Isotonic action
muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle changes.
48
Motor units
One nerve and all the muscle cells it controls
49
Fine motor control
A nerve that controls one or a few muscle cells
50
Coarse muscle control
A nerve contracts 100 or more muscle cells
51
Number of origins
Biceps 2 Triceps 3 Quadriceps 4
52
Axial muscles
Move head, neck, veterbral column, pelvic floor, axial trunk(abdomin) They do not move appendages.
53
Galea Aponeurotica
Tendon sheet at the top of the head
54
Abdominal aponeuroses
Tendon sheet that covers abdomin
55
Linea alba
Tendon from xyphoid to pubis
56
Appendicular muscles
Move appendages
57
Rotator cuff muscles
Deltoid, Pectoralis major, infraspinatus, teres major, teres minor.
58
IM injection sites
Deltoid for adult Gluteus minimus for kids Rectus femorus for self injections
59
Lumbodorsal fascia
Tendon sheet for low back
60
Arm compartments (anterior compartments)
The muscles that flex the arm
61
Arm compartments (posterior)
The muscles that extend the arm (triceps)
62
Illiotibial tract
Tendon sheet on lateral side of thigh
63
Leg compartment (anterior)
Extending muscles
64
Leg compartments (posterior)
Flexing muscles
65
Leg compartments (medial)
Adducting
66
Leg compartments (lateral)
Abducting
67
Gait cycle phases
Stance phase 60% Weight bearing leg Begins when heel strikes ground and ends when toe lifts. Swing phase 40% Non weight bearing leg Begins when toes lifts off ground. Ends when heel strikes ground.
68
Smooth muscle
Wraps around tubes and vessels Controlled by ANS involuntary Longitudinal layer Contracts and tube will dilate Circular layer contracts tube will constrict
69
cardiac muscle
70
Quadraceps include
vastas medialis, vastas lateralis, vastas intermedius, rectus fermerus
71
Skeletal Muscle
72
Smooth Muscle
73

Anatomy (30 decks)

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