8 Nervous System (Lecture) Flashcards by Amy Krumm

Autonomic motor

Involuntary

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Inter neuron

Communicates within the CNS. Cognition

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Somatic Motor

Voluntary

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Efferent Neurons

Toward PNS Motor

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Visceral Sensory

Unconscious

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Somatic Sensory

Conscious

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Afferent Neurons

Toward CNS Sensory

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Epyndynal

Neuroglia of the CNS

Removes plasma from the blood to produce CSF

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Oligodendrocytes

Neuroglia of CNS
Same as Schwann cells (Neurolemmocytes)
Protect and wrap around axon (myelin sheath)

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Microglia

Neuroglia of the CNS

Phagocytes engulf cellular waste and pathogens

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Astrocytes

Neuroglia of the CNS

Maintain blood brain barrier. Keeps out hormones and amino acids.

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Neurolemmocytes

Neuroglia of the PNS

Schwann cells wrap around the axon. Myelin sheath.

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Satellite cells

Neuroglia of the PNS

Found around the nerve cell body

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Parasympathetic

Rest and digest

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Sympathetic

Fight or flight

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Autonomic

Reflex not conscious

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Somato

Refers to things that are conscious

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Dendrites

Receives chemical signals and converts them to electrical signals. Autonomic neuronal process

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Axons

Transmits electrical signals. Only axons have synaptic terminals.
Autonomic neuronal process

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Unipolar neurons

Sensory. 1 projection from cell body. All are sensory.

Autonomic Neuronal process

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Bipolar neurons

(Retina). 2 projections from cell body.

Autonomic neuronal process

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Multipolar neurons

Motor. Many projections. Motor and inter euro a are multipolar
Autonomic neuronal process

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Receptive Zone contains…

Dendrites. Receivers if chemical signals and converters to electrical signals.

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Trigger Zone contains…

Soma- nerve cell body

Axon Hillock - where axon meets soma

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Conduction zone contains...

Axons & Nerves

Secretory zone contains...

Synaptic terminal Synapse Dendrite/muscle/gland

ACH

Acetylcholine is an NTR that is used by the parasympathetic NS to stimulate skeletal muscle.

Norepinephrine

is an NTR used by the sympathetic NS to increase HR, BP, BR

Dopamine

Is a NTR used by the CNS in the reward center of the brain.

Serotonin

Is a NTR associated with mood and hunger

GABA

Is a NTR associated with fear and anger.

White matter

Myelinated axons

Gray matter

Nerve cell bodies

Gyrus

Elevated structures at the surface if the brain

Sulcus

Groove structures on the surface of the brain

Fissure

Deep gap on the surface of the brain

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain. Divided into L&R hemispheres

Cerebral cortex

Dark outer edge controls all conscience activity

Frontal lobes

Problem solving, cognitive activities

Central sulcus

Separates frontal and parietal lobes

Primary motor cortex

Voluntary behavior starts

Insula

Continuously aware of taste and smell

Temporal lobes

Anaylize auditory information.

Occipital Lobes

Eyes convert light into electrical signals the brain can understand

Language centers

Left side of brain includes speech center and interpretive area

Speech center

Broca's area produces speech controls muscles of speech

General interpretive area

Wernicke's area controls hearing and words

The lymbic system

Emotional states

Cingulate gyrus (limbic cortex)

Expressing emotion

Fornix

Channel for emotional info

*Hypothalmus

Regulates homeostatic functions

Osmoregulatory center

Thirst

Mammillary body

Controls eating and swallowing

Amygdala

Controls fear and anger

Hippocampus

Converts short term to long term memory

Septum pellucidum

Separates L and R ventricles

Choroid plexus

Network of blood vessels where CSF is produced

Pineal gland

Regulates circadian rhythms

Thalamus

edits and routes nearly all incoming sensory information

Optic chiasm

Where the 2 optic nerves partially crossover

Midbrain

occulomotor reflex center

Superior colliculi

Controls movement of your eyes as you track a moving object

Inferior colliculi

Controls shape of lens and size of pupil

Reticular formation

Controls levels of contiousness

Pons

Part of brain stem Egg shaped Controls urinary reflex

Cerebral aqueduct

Channel for CSF between 3rd and 4th ventricles

Cochlear reflex

Balance

Emesis reflex

Vomiting

Cerebellum

Controls highly skilled practiced behaviors

With nerves like vessels Blue is ... Red is ...

Blue is sensory | Red is motor

Prefix spinal indicates

Motor tracts

Prefix spino indicates

Sensory tracts

Finiculos

White matter around the cord

Dorsal white columns (funiculi)

Sensory touch proprioception kinesthesia

Anterior white columns (funiculi)

Relay ANS motor info

Lateral columns (funiculi)

Relay somatic motor info

Gray matter of spinal cord

Butterfly in central cord

Dorsal horns

Sensory

Lateral horns

Autonomic

Ventral horns

Voluntary motor

Commissure of spinal cord

Line between butterfly wings (info crossover)

Anterior median fissure of spinal cord

A gap that separates L and R spinal cord

What level does the cord end

* Conus medullaris of spinal cord

Where spinal cord narrows to a point

* Cauda equina of spinal cord

Many strands of the cord below L1

* Filum terminale of spinal cord

Connects to coccyx holds cord in place

Rootlets

Nerve fibers that connect directly to the spinal cord

Nerve roots

Formed by the merger of rootlets

How many pairs of spinal nerves

Sympathetic nerves exit the spine at

T1 to L1

Which NTR is used by the sympathetic NS

Norepinephrine

Lateral para vertebral ganglia

Nerve cell bodies that parallel the colum

Anterior collateral ganglia

Nerve cell bodies that are anterior to the cord and control digestion

Which NTR is used by the parasympathetic NS

ACH

Parasympathetic nerves exit the spine at

S2 - S4

Target organ ganglia

Nerve cell bodies that are close to the organs they serve

Intramural ganglia

Nerves cell bodies with in the organ they control

I Olfactory

Smell

II Optic

Vision

III Occulomotor

Size of pupil shape of lens

IV Trochlear

Depress eyes (look down)

V Trigeminal

Corneal Reflex (blinking)

VI Abducens

Rotates eyes

VII Facial

Controls tears and salivary glands

VIII Vestibulocholear

Hearing and Balance

IX Glossopharengeal

Swallowing

* X Vagus

HR BP Digestion

XI Acessory

Turn your head

XII Hypoglossal

Movement of tongue