Heart Failure Drugs (M2)

Question 1

What are the most common causes of heart failure?

Answer 1

1. coronary artery disease

2. hypertension

Question 2

What is a reduced contractility (pumping) and reduced ejection fraction called? 1. What does it result in? 2

Answer 2

1. systolic failure

2. acute failure and myocardial infarction

Question 3

What is a stiffening and loss of adequate relaxation with reduced filling and cardiac output called as well as hypertrophy?

Answer 3

diastolic failure

Question 4

What is a drug that increases actin-myosin sensitivity to calcium and inhibits phosphodiesterase?

Answer 4

levosimendan

Question 5

What brings cytoplasmic Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage? 1. What inhibits this? 2

Answer 5

1. SERCA pumps

2. phospholambin

Question 6

What protein interferes with the release of calcium through the cardiac SR channels?

Answer 6

ryanodine

Question 7

What moves Ca2+ against its concentration gradient from cell to extracellular space in cardiac muscle?

Answer 7

Sodium-Calcium Exchanger (NCX)

Question 8

What does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone hormonal response result in?

Answer 8

1. angio and endothelin inc vasoconstriction
2. increases afterload
3. reduces ejection fraction and cardiac output

Question 9

Is the preload increased or decreased in heart failure? 1. Contractility? 2

Answer 9

1. increased

2. decreased

Question 10

What is the resistance which a heart must push blood?

Answer 10

afterload

Question 11

What is the first compensatory mechanism as heart function decreases?

Answer 11

increased heart rate

Question 12

What reduces the effects of cardiac glycosides?

Answer 12

hyperkalemia

Question 13

What is a positive inotropic drug that inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase and is not a glycoside?

Answer 13

Istaroxime

Question 14

What drugs are orally active competitive inhibitors of endothelin? 1. What type of heart failure drug are they? 2

Answer 14

1. Bosentan and Tezosentan

2. vasodilators