Drugs of Abuse (M3)

Question 1

What is the difference between dependence and addiction?

Answer 1

dependence is physical, addiction is psychological

Question 2

What are common effects of addictive drugs?

Answer 2

1. euphoria and reward
2. adaptive changes with use
3. tolerance
4. withdrawal
5. compulsive
6. relapse common

Question 3

What is the main system that addictive drugs target? 1. What area is targeted because it is involved in reward processing? 2

Answer 3

1. mesolimbic dopamine system

2. ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 4

What does the ventral tegmental area project to?

Answer 4

1. nucleus accumbens
2. amygdala
3. hippocampus
4. prefrontal cortex

Question 5

What are the three mechanism to activate the mesolimbic system?

Answer 5

1. durg activate Gio-coupled receptors
2. drug mediate effects via ionotropic receptors
3. drugs bind to transporters of biogenic amines

Question 6

What is the overall effect of drugs the activate Gio-coupled receptors on neurons? 1. What does it do postsynaptically? 2. Presynaptically? 3

Answer 6

1. inhibit neurons (by GABA)
2. hyperpolarization
3. regulation of NT release

Question 7

What type of neurons do drugs that mediate the effects via ionotropic receptors act on? 1. What do they enhance the release of? 2

Answer 7

1. dopamine and GABA

2. dopamine

Question 8

What is the mechanism of drugs that bind to transporters of biogenic amines?

Answer 8

block reuptake of dopamine

Question 9

What is it called when a dose of drug must beprogressively increased over the course of several days to maintain effects?

Answer 9

tolerance

Question 10

What is the type of tolerance that has a reduction of duration of drug in VTA?

Answer 10

pharmacokinetic tolerance

Question 11

What is the type of tolerance that has changes in receptor function, decreasing signaling?

Answer 11

pharmacodynamic tolerance

Question 12

What is the dopamine hypothesis of addiction?

Answer 12

mesolimbic system increases activity when large reward so behavior becomes automatic and compulsive to get reward

Question 13

What is Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) induced by? 1. What is it modulated by? 2. What functions does it lead to? 3

Answer 13

1. NMDA glutamate receptors
2. dopamine
3. learning, memory, synaptic plasticity

Question 14

What do nonaddictive drugs of abuse target in the brain?

Answer 14

cortical and thalamic circuits

Question 15

What neuron type do opioids that act on u-receptors act on? 1. What do they do to them? 2. What is the resulting effect? 3

Answer 15

1. GABA and dopamine neurons
2. inhibition of GABA and disinhibition of dopamine
3. euphoria

Question 16

What neuron type do opioids that act on k-receptors act on? 1. What do they do to them? 2. What is the resulting effect? 3

Answer 16

1. dopamine neurons
2. inhibit
3. dysphoria

Question 17

What is the relative risk of addiction of opioids?

Answer 17

4/5

Question 18

What are the FDA-approved cannabinoid agonists?

Answer 18

1. Dronabinol

2. Nabiolone

Question 19

What inhalation from an open container called?

Answer 19

sniffing

Question 20

What is soaking a cloth in volatile substance before inhalation called?

Answer 20

huffing

Question 21

What is breathing in and out of a bag filled with fumes called?

Answer 21

bagging

Question 22

What is the relative risk of addiction of cocaine?

Answer 22

5/5

Question 23

What is the GABAb receptor agonist drug that inhibits dopamine neurons in VTA that is used to reduce cravings?

Answer 23

baclofen