Antipsychotics (M3)

Question 1

What are the six major psychotic conditions?

Answer 1

1. schizophrenia
2. bipolar disorder
3. psychotic depression
4. senile psychoses
5. organis psychoses
6. drug-induced psychoses

Question 2

What are the improvements that antipsychotic drugs provide?

Answer 2

1. reduce psychotic symptoms
2. improve mood
3. reduce anxiety
4. improve sleep

Question 3

What is the neurodevelopmental disorder that causes structural and functional changes in the brain in utero?

Answer 3

schizophrenia

Question 4

What type of symptoms of schizophrenia include stereotyped thinking, apathy, and poor rapport?

Answer 4

negative symptoms

Question 5

What type of symptoms of schizophrenia include poor working memory, attention deficit, and executive dysfunction?

Answer 5

cognitive symptoms

Question 6

What type of symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations, delusions, suspiciousness, and disorganized thinking?

Answer 6

positive symptoms

Question 7

What type of symptoms of schizophrenia include depression, elation, and suicidal ideation?

Answer 7

affective symptoms

Question 8

What are the three hypotheses of schizophrenia?

Answer 8

1. serotonin hypothesis
2. dopamine hypothesis
3. glutamate hypothesis

Question 9

In the serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia, what is the cause of the neurological problems?

Answer 9

5-HT2C and 5-HT2A

Question 10

Which hypothesis of schizophrenia explains the social symptoms, cognitive impairment, and depression?

Answer 10

dopamine hypothesis

Question 11

What are the goals of dopamergic treatment of schizophrenia?

Answer 11

1. boost dopamine neurotransmission in the mesocortical dopamine pathway
2. slow down dopamine neurotransmission in the mesolimbic pathway

Question 12

What is the mechanism involved in the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Answer 12

hypofunction of NMDA receptors on GABAergic interneurons reduces inhibition of glutamine neurons so too much glutamine

Question 13

What dopamergic receptor type when blocked causes the most toxicity?

Answer 13

D2 receptors

Question 14

What drugs are best for the catatonic signs of schizophrenia?

Answer 14

benzodiazepine

Question 15

What drugs are best for the agitation and delirium signs of schizophrenia?

Answer 15

haloperidol, ziprasidone, aripiprazole

Question 16

What drugs are best for the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

Answer 16

atypical antipsychotics

Question 17

What type of drugs are best to use for aniemetic effects?

Answer 17

dopamine blockade

Question 18

What type of drugs are best to relieve pruritis?

Answer 18

H1-receptor blocking action

Question 19

What can be a result of use of antipsychotics and is a cholinergic deficiency secondary to supersensitivity of dopamine receptors in caudate-putamen?

Answer 19

tardive dyskinesia

Question 20

What is uncontrollable restlessness called?

Answer 20

akathisia

Question 21

What are the ABCD’s of antipsychotic drug effects on the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 21

1. anorexia
2. blurred vision
3. constipation/confusion
4. dry mouth
5. sedation/stasis of urine

Question 22

What is the side effect of antipsychotics that causes sensitivity to EPS effects, marked muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, altered BP, and fever?

Answer 22

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Question 23

Which type of bipolar disorder can have longer periods of depression? 1. Which can have more serious manic episodes? 2

Answer 23

1. bipolar II

2. bipolar I

Question 24

What chemicals increase mania in bipolar disorder? 1. Which decrease? 2

Answer 24

1. catecholamines

2. reduce dopamine and NE