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II. Pharmacology > Opioid Agonists and Antagonists (M3) > Flashcards

Opioid Agonists and Antagonists (M3) Flashcards

1
Q

What are all compounds that work at opiod receptors (agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists) called?

A

opioid

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2
Q

What are naturally occurring alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine) called?

A

opiates

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3
Q

What are sleep-inducing medications called?

A

narcotics

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4
Q

What are the three opioid receptor types?

A
  1. mu
  2. delta
  3. kappa
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5
Q

What are the three families of endogenous opioid peptides?

A
  1. endorphins
  2. enkephalins
  3. dynorphins
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6
Q

Where can opioids accumulate?

A

muscle and fat

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7
Q

Where is heroin metabolized?

A

plasma

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of opioids?

A

bind G-protein-coupled receptors in brain and spinal cord involved in transmission and modulation of pain

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9
Q

What is the cellular mechanism of opioids?

A
  1. close voltage gated Ca2+ channels on presynaptic nerve terminal, reducing NT release
  2. open K+ channels and hyperpolarize, inhibiting postynaptically
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10
Q

What are the unique functions of mu receptors? 1. What is the relative affinity for the peptides? 2

A
  1. sedation, inhibition of resp, slow GI transit, modulate hormone and NT release
  2. endorphins > enkephalins > dynorphins
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11
Q

What are the unique functions of delta receptors? 1. What is the relative affinity for the peptides? 2

A
  1. modulation of hormone ant NT release

2. enkephalins > endorphins > dynorphins

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12
Q

What are the unique functions of kappa receptors? 1. What is the relative affinity for the peptides? 2

A
  1. psychotomimetic effects, slowed GI transit

2. dynorphins&raquo_space; endorphins and enkephalins

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13
Q

What peptide do most opioid analgesics act on?

A

mu receptor

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14
Q

What peptide do most endogenous opioids act on?

A

delta and kappa

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15
Q

What pathways do opioids act on?

A
  1. ascending pain pathways

2. descending (modulatory) pathways

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16
Q

What is it called when with long-term administrtion, opioid analgesics increase the sensation of pain?

A

hyperalgesia

17
Q

What is the CNS effect of opioids that relieves sensory pain?

A

analgesic

18
Q

What is the CNS effect of opioids that provide a pleasant floating snesation, lessened anxiety and distress, and possible dysphoria?

A

euphoria

19
Q

What are the CNS effects of opioids?

A
  1. analgesia
  2. euphoria
  3. sedation
  4. respiratory depression
  5. cough suppression
  6. miosis
  7. truncal rigidity
  8. nausea and vomiting
  9. varying body temp
20
Q

What do opioids do to the liver?

A

decrease renal plasma flow

21
Q

What do opioids do to the uterus?

A

prolong labor

22
Q

What do opioids do to the endocrine systems?

A
  1. stimulate ADH, prolactin and somatotropin release
  2. effects of hypothalamus
  3. low testosterone
  4. amenorrhea
23
Q

What are the associated numbers for the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS)?

A
  1. mild: 1-3
  2. moderate: 4-6
  3. severe: 7-10
24
Q

What is the scale for pain that uses the facial expressions of the patient?

A

Wong-Baker scale

25
Q

Which opioid analgesics can be given by rectal suppositories?

A
  1. morphine

2. hydromophone

26
Q

Which opioid analgesics can be given by transdermal patch?

A
  1. fentanyl

2. buprenorphine

27
Q

Which opioid can there be tolerance within hours of taking it?

A

remifentanil

28
Q

Which actions of opioids is there no tolerance for?

A
  1. miotic
  2. convulsant
  3. constipating
29
Q

When are the peak effects of morphine dependence displayed? 1. meperidine effects? 2. Methadone effects? 3

A
  1. 36-48 hours
  2. 24 hours
  3. 2 weeks
30
Q

What is it called when opioid antagonist is given to determine withdrawal signs and symptoms?

A

Antagonist-precipitated withdrawal

31
Q

What is marked by the inability to abstain from use, impairment of behavioral control, and diminished recognition of problems in behavior and relationships?

A

addiction

32
Q

What is the community-based overdose education and naloxone distribution program?

A

Project DAWN

33
Q

What are the drug types that cannot be taken with opioids?

A
  1. sedative-hypnotics
  2. antipsychotic agents
  3. monoamine oxidase inhibitors

II. Pharmacology (43 decks)

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