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Pharmacology Fall 2016 > 50S Inhibitors > Flashcards

50S Inhibitors Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 clinically relevant Lincosamides?

A
  1. Lincomycin
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Pirlimycin
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2
Q

What is the MOA of Lincosamides?

A

Bind to the 50S subunit of the ribosome and prevent exiting of the growing peptide chain.

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3
Q

Is the MOA of Lincosamides reversible or non-reversible? Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Reversible –> Bacteriostatic

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4
Q

What is the spectrum of the Lincosamides?

A
  1. Gram (+) aerobes: Staph & Strep
  2. Gram (+) anaerobes
  3. Gram (-) aerobes: Campylobacter & Brachyspira
  4. Gram (-) anaerobes: Bacteroides & Fusobacterium
  5. Eukaryotes: Toxoplasma (Clindamycin)
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5
Q

Which is better with anaerobes, Clindamycin or Lincomycin?

A

Clindamycin

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6
Q

Which is better with Staphylococcus, Clindamycin or Lincomycin?

A

Clindamycin

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7
Q

What is Pirlimycin used against?

A

Bovine mastitis

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8
Q

How is Pirlimycin administered?

A

Intramammary

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9
Q

When is Pirlimycin NOT to be used vs. mastitis?

A

NOT to be used vs. gram (-) bacilli

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10
Q

How do bacteria mount resistance to Lincosamides?

A

Via methylation of the ribosome, so the ribosome cannot produce proteins.

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11
Q

The methylation process through which Lincosamides mount resistance to bacteria confers resistance to what 3 drug classes?

A
  1. Phenicols
  2. Macrolides
  3. Streptogramins
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12
Q

Clindamycin causes ____ ____ due to inhibition of good intestinal microbes.

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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13
Q

Which drug can be given in conjunction with Clindamycin to prevent pseudomembranous colitis?

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

What is virginiamycin a mixture of?

A
  1. Virginamycin M (Group A)

2. Virginamycin S (Group B)

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15
Q

What is synercid a mixture of?

A
  1. Dalfopristin (Group A)

2. Quinupristin (Group B)

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16
Q

What is the MOA for the Streptogramins?

A

50S inhibitors

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17
Q

Are Streptogramins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal (2 drugs combined)

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18
Q

Group B Streptogramins share cross-resistance with which 2 antimicrobial classes?

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A
  1. Macrolides

2. Lincosamides

19
Q

Do Group A Streptogramins share cross-resistance with Group B?

20
Q

Are Streptogramins water or fat soluble?

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A

Water soluble

21
Q

Are Streptogramins orally bioavailable?

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A

No - poor oral bioavailability

22
Q

How do Streptogramins have to be administered?

23
Q

What is the spectrum of the Streptogramins?

Study These Flashcards
A

Gram (+) aerobes and anaerobes

24
Q

What are the 2 clinically relevant phenols?

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A
  1. Chloramphenicol

2. Florfenicol

25
What is the MOA of the phenols?
50S inhibitors
26
What is the spectrum of the Phenols (chloramphenicol and florfenicl)?
Very broad, including Rickettsia
27
Which 2 organisms are the Phenols resistant to?
1. Nocardia | 2. Mycoplasma
28
How do bacteria mount resistance to the Phenols?
The bacteria modify the drug via acetylation
29
Which of the following has 2 targets for resistance: Chloramphenicol or Florfenicol?
Chloramphenicol
30
Which of the following only has 1 target for resistance: Chloramphenicol or Florfenicol?
Florfenicol
31
Resistance to which is less likely, Chloramphenicol or Florfenicol?
Florfenicol
32
Which drug is the "broadest", Chloramphenicol or Florfenicol?
Florfenicol
33
Why are the Phenols good against meningitis?
60% of the plasma concentration reaches the CSF
34
Which is more likely to cause aplastic anemia in a human, Chloramphenicol or Florfenicol?
Chloramphenicol
35
How do the Phenols cause aplastic anemia?
Inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis in erythropoeitic cells
36
What is Florfenicol used against in the cow?
Bovine respiratory disease
37
What is Florfenicol + NSAID?
Flunixin
38
What is the MOA of the pleuromutilins?
50S inhibitors
39
What are the 2 clinically relevant Pleuromutilins?
1. Tiamutilin | 2. Valnemulin
40
What is the spectrum of the Pleuromutilins?
Gram (+)
41
What is the MOA of the oxazolidinones?
50S inhibitors
42
What is the spectrum of the Oxazolidinones?
Gram (+) aerobes and anaerobes
43
What is 1 clinically relevant oxazolidinone?
Linezolid

Pharmacology Fall 2016 (17 decks)

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