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Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Macrolides > Flashcards

Flashcards in Macrolides Deck (34)
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1
Q

What is the MOA for the tetracyclines?

A

30S inhibitors

2
Q

Is the MOA of the tetracyclines reversible or irreversible? Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Reversible –> Bacteriostatic

3
Q

Which 4 organisms are sensitive to the Tetracyclines?

A
  1. Brucella
  2. Rickettsia
  3. Spirochetes
  4. Chlamydia
4
Q

Which is energy-dependent, the uptake of Tetracyclines in gram (+) bacteria or gram (-) bacteria?

A

Gram (-)

5
Q

In which environments is gram (-) uptake of Tetracyclines poor?

A
  1. Anaerobic conditions

2. Low pH

6
Q

____ is a neuroprotective agent that inhibits apoptosis in neurons.

A

Minocycline

7
Q

____ is a good choice in the presence of a neuropathy because it is NOT eliminated via the kidneys.

A

Doxycycline

8
Q

Tetracyclines are chelated by what?

A
  1. Mg+2

2. Ca+2

9
Q

Because Tetracyclines are chelated by Mg+2 and Ca+2, they are poorly absorbed in the presence of what?

A

Milk

10
Q

Tetracyclines also cause what in the fetus, neonate, and juvenile?

A

Tetracyclines are deposited into bone and teeth and cause YELLOW DISCOLORATION

11
Q

Which Tetracycline does NOT cause the yellow bone/teeth discoloration?

A

Minocycline

12
Q

List the 5 other toxicities associated with the Tetracyclines.

A
  1. Nephrotoxicity
  2. GI effects
  3. Esophageal stricture
  4. Injection site irritant
  5. Photosensitivity
13
Q

Which Tetracyclines are NOT associated with nephrotoxicity?

A
  1. Doxycycline

2. Minocycline

14
Q

Which Tetracycline causes esophageal stricture in the cat?

A

Doxycycline

15
Q

What are Tetracyclines use vs. in foals?

A

Contracted tendons

16
Q

Which Tetracycline is commonly use vs. BRD (bovine respiratory disease)?

A

Hexasol

Oxytetracycline + Flunixin

17
Q

What is the MOA of the macrolides?

A

Bind to the 50S ribosome to interrupt tRNA binding and peptide chain elongation.

18
Q

Is the MOA of macrolides reversible or irreversible? Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Reversible –> Bacteriostatic

19
Q

What is the spectrum of the Macrolides?

A
  1. ALL gram +

2. Gram (-) anaerobes

20
Q

Most Macrolides are NOT effective against which bacterial group?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

21
Q

Which Tetracycline is the BEST versus Mycoplasma?

A

Tulathromycin

22
Q

Which of the following is effective and which is ineffective against Mycoplasma: Erythromycin, Tylosin?

A

Erythromycin is NOT effective

Tylosin is usually effective

23
Q

How do Macrolides primarily gain resistance?

A

Methylation of the ribosome

24
Q

The methylation associated with Macrolide resistance confers cross-resistance with which two antimicrobial classes?

A
  1. Lincosamides

2. Streptogramins

25
Q

Which 2 Macrolides cause sterile abscesses?

A
  1. Tylosin

2. Erythromycin

26
Q

Which Tetracycline is cardiotoxic in the human?

A

Tilmicosin

27
Q

Which Macrolide prevents tear staining due to epiphora?

A

Tylosin

28
Q

In which species should Tylosin NOT be used?

A

Equine

29
Q

What are the top 3 uses of Tulathromycin?

A

Bovine and swine (1) respiratory disease, (2) foot rot, (3) pink eye.

30
Q

What is the main indication for the use of Clarithromycin?

A

Vs. Rhodococcus in the horse (+ rifampin)

31
Q

What is Tylosin used vs. in poultry?

A

Mycoplasma

32
Q

What is Tylosin used vs. in dogs?

A
  1. Epiphora

2. IBD

33
Q

What is Tylosin used vs. in swine?

A
  1. Mycoplasma

2. Brachyspira

34
Q

What is the spectrum of the Macrolides?

A
  1. Gram (+)

2. Gram (-) anaerobes