Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Beta-lactams II > Flashcards

Beta-lactams II Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The cephalosporins are all natural or synthetic derivatives of ____ derived from ____ ____.

A

The cephalosporins are all natural or synthetic derivatives of CEPHALOTHIN derived from CEPHALOSPORIUM ACREMONIUM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis at the 3rd step in peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are cephalosporins bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriocidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of action for carbapenems?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis at the 3rd step in peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the mechanism of action for monobactams?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis at the 3rd step in peptidoglycan synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the mechanism of action for bacitracin?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis at the 2nd step (pyrophosphate) instead of PBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cephalosporins are not usually sensitive to ____, ____, or ____.

A

Cephalosporins are not usually sensitive to CLAVULANOIC ACID, SULBACTAM, or TAZOBACTAM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which group has more resistance problems, penicilllins or cephalosporins?

A

Penicillins - penicillinases are more common than cephalosporins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypersensitivity to penicillins does not always lead to cephalosporin hypersensitivity. What does this tell us about the beta-lactam epitopes for the IgE?

A

The epitope is not the beta-lactam but likely a side chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the 1st generation cephalosporins (3).

A
  1. Cephalexin
  2. Cefadroxil
  3. Cephapirin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is cephalexin administered?

A

Orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is cefadroxil administered?

A

Orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is cephapirin administered?

A

Intramammary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 3rd generation cephalosporins (3).

A
  1. Cefpodoxime
  2. Ceftiofur
  3. Cefovecin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is cefpodoxime administered?

A

Orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is ceftiofur administered?

A

Parenterally, intrammaray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is cefovecin administered?

A

Parenterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is cefepime used in humans?

A

IV to treat Pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which drug has cross-reactivity with cefepime?

A

Cefquinome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

List the 4th generation cephalosporins (2).

A
  1. Cefepime

2. Cefquinome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the 5th generation cephalosporin?

A

Ceftobiprole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the spectrum of 1st generation cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefadroxil, cephapirin)?

A

Gram (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the spectrum of 3rd generation cephalosporins (cefpodoxime, ceftiofur, cefovecin)?

24
Q

What is the spectrum of 4th generation cephalosporins (cefepime, cefquinome)?

25
Which generation of cephalosporins is best at crossing the blood-brain-barrier?
3rd generation cephalosporins
26
True or False: Cephalosporins are well-absorbed orally.
True
27
The pKa of cephalosporins is 4-5, so they are ____ in the stomach.
Non-ionized
28
Cephalosporins are more OR less ionized in the plasma compared to penicillins?
LESS
29
Because cephalosporins are less ionized in the plasma than penicillins, do they have a higher or lower Vd?
Higher Vd
30
Are cephalosporins concentration-dependent, time-dependent, or AUC-dependent?
Time-dependent
31
Sustained-release formulations are available fro which cephalosporins?
1. Cefovecin | 2. Ceftiofur
32
There is also a ready-to-use formulation of ceftiofur. How does this formulation differ from the sustained-release?
The RTU formulation is NOT extended release and should NOT be administered IV.
33
There are no potentiators available for cephalosporins, except one exception. What is that exception?
Cefpodoxime + clavulanic acid
34
What is the #1 drug choice for staphylococcal pyoderma in the dog?
Cephalexin (1st generation cephalosporin)
35
What is Cefpodoxime used for in small animals?
Cephalexin-insensitive pyoderma
36
What is Cefovecin used for in the cat?
Treatment of pyoderma
37
What is the disadvantage to Cefovecin in the dog?
Cost - too expensive
38
Put the following in order of increasing cost: cephalexin, cefovecin, cefpodoxime.
Cephalexin --> cefpodoxime --> cefovecin
39
What is the common name for Cefpodoxime?
Simplicef
40
For what is Cephapirin used in the large animal?
Mastitis in dairy cattle, lactating (Today) or dry (Tomorrow)
41
For what is Ceftiofur used in the horse?
Streptococcal pneumonia
42
For what is Ceftiofur used in the pig?
Respiratory disease, including Salmonella cholerasuis
43
For what is Ceftiofur used in dairy cattle?
Lactating or dry mastitis
44
Which drug is the drug of choice for coliform mastitis?
Ceftiofur spectramast
45
For what is Ceftiofur used in beef cattle?
1. Pneumonia | 2. Foot rot
46
What are the 2 Carbapenems discussed?
1. Imipenem | 2. Meropenem
47
Imipenem is metabolized by renal dehydropeptidase. What inhibits this enzyme and is thus included with imipenem?
Cilastin
48
Are Carbapenems concentration-dependent, time-dependent, or AUC-dependent?
Time-dependent
49
How would you administer Carbapenems and why?
Carbapenems are very ionic and irritation so only give IM in conjunction with lidocaine or IV.
50
What is the drug class with the WIDEST spectrum of any antimicrobial group?
Carbapenems
51
Carbapenems are mostly used for what type of infections?
Septic gram (-) infections
52
List the potentiators for the Monobactams.
There are none
53
What is the spectrum of the Monobactams?
Gram (-) aerobes
54
What is the spectrum of Bacitracin?
Gram (+) aerobes
55
How would you administer Bacitracin?
Topically, enterically, or orally (DO NOT INJECT AS THIS IS A NEPHROTOXIN)
56
For what is Bacitracin used in the pig?
Swine dysentery (Brachyspira)
57
For what is Bacitracin used in poultry?
Coccidiosis

Pharmacology Fall 2016 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions