Fluoroquinolones Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Fluoroquinolones > Flashcards

Flashcards in Fluoroquinolones Deck (31)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of FQs?

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase

2
Q

Are FQ bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal (due to inhibition of 2 enzymes)

3
Q

What is the spectrum of the FQs?

A

Gram (+) and gram (-), but NO ANAEROBES

4
Q

Nalidixic acid is the non-fluorinated precursor that only kills some gram (-). What is added to extend the spectrum of FQs to gram (+)s?

A

Fluorine

5
Q

What is the most common method of resistance to FQs?

A

Point mutation in DNA gyrase genes

6
Q

Which bug has the fastest development of resistance against the FQs?

A

Campylobacter

7
Q

Are FQs time, concentration, or AUC/MIC-dependent?

A

AUC/MIC-dependent

8
Q

What is the MPC?

A

Mutation prevention concentration

9
Q

What is the MPC for gram (+)?

A

x5

10
Q

What is the MPC for gram (-)?

A

x10

11
Q

In what 3 tissues do the FQs concentrate?

A
  1. WBCs
  2. Prostate
  3. Brain
12
Q

Are FQs water soluble or lipid soluble?

A

Lipid soluble (high Vd)

13
Q

True or False: FQs are not absorbed well orally.

A

FALSE

14
Q

True or False: FQs are excreted mostly unchanged in the urine.

A

TRUE

15
Q

What toxicities are associated with the use of FQs?

A
  1. Chondrotoxicity in neonates/juveniles
  2. Retinopathies in cats
  3. Exacerbates seizures in epileptic dogs
  4. Herxhimer’s reaction
  5. Inhibit p450 enzymes
16
Q

In which animals is the use of FQs banned?

A
  1. Poultry

2. Food animals

17
Q

Which FQ is non-retinotoxic and used in the cat?

A

Pradofloxacin

18
Q

What is the MOA of novobiocin?

A

Prevents ATP from binding DNA gyrase

19
Q

Is novobiocin bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bacteriostatic

20
Q

Which bacterium is included in the limited spectrum of novobiocin?

A

Staph aureus

21
Q

What is the MOA of rifampin?

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

22
Q

What is the spectrum of rifampin?

A
  1. Mycobacteria

2. Gram (+)

23
Q

With which of the following does resistance develop rapidly, rifampin or novobiocin?

A

Rifampin

24
Q

What are the 2 side effects of IV rifampin in horses?

A
  1. Sweating

2. Hemolysis

25
Q

What are the 3 toxicity issues associated with rifampin?

A
  1. Orange discoloration of bodily fluids
  2. Immune-mediated hepatitis
  3. Inducer of microsomal enzymes
26
Q

What is the MOA of glycopeptides?

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibition

27
Q

Are glycopeptides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

28
Q

What is the spectrum of glycopeptides?

A

Gram (+)

29
Q

Name 3 glycopeptide drugs.

A
  1. Vancomycin
  2. Teicoplanin
  3. Avoparcin
30
Q

Only use glycopeptides if absolutely necessary. What are 4 things to take into consideration when using this drug?

A
  1. Vomiting likely
  2. Nephrotoxic
  3. Ionized in the gut (must be injected)
  4. Tissue irritant (slow IV drip)
31
Q

Rifampin can be used against Rhodococcus equi in the horse. Combine this drug with what?

A

Clarithromycin