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Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Sulfonamides > Flashcards

Flashcards in Sulfonamides Deck (29)
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1
Q

What is the ratio of synergism between sulfonamides and benzylpyrimidines?

A

5:1

2
Q

Sulfonamides inhibit which enzyme?

A

Dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS)

3
Q

Are the sulfonamides bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

4
Q

Are the benzylpyrimidines bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Bacteriostatic

5
Q

Benzylpyrimidines block which enzyme?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)

6
Q

Together, are sulfonamides and benzylpyrimidines bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Bactericidal

7
Q

What does the broad spectrum for the sulfonamides and benzylpyrimidines consist of?

A
  1. Gram + (except enterococcus)
  2. Gram - (except pseudomonas)
  3. Protozoa - coccidia, cryptosporidia
8
Q

Against which 3 microbial organisms are the sulfonamides and benzylpyrimidines useless?

A
  1. Mycoplasma
  2. Mycobacteria
  3. Spirochetes
9
Q

If the MIC is ___ to the breakpoint, then the isolate is resistant.

A

> / _

10
Q

If a bacteria is resistant to a sulfa, then it will be ____ to the sulfa + BP combination.

A

Resistant

11
Q

If a bacteria is susceptible to a sulfa, then it will be ____ to the sulfa + BP combination.

A

Susceptible

12
Q

Sulfas and BPs are eliminated better in ____ urine.

A

Alkaline urine

13
Q

____ concentrates x10 in the dog prostate and is a good choice against prostitis.

A

Trimethoprim

14
Q

In terms of toxicities associated with sulfas and BPs, what is the #1 complaint and consideration?

A

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

15
Q

Sulfonamides and BPs are contraindicated in the doberman because they cause what?

A

Arthritis

16
Q

Do not use sulfonamides or BPs on ____ ____, ____, in ____ ____, or with ____.

A

Do not use sulfonamides or BPs on RICKETTSIAL DISEASES, ABSCESSES, in MALE DOGS, or with TOLBUTAMIDE.

17
Q

Which sulfonamide is NOT absorbed from the intestines?

A

Sulfaguanidine

18
Q

What is the regulatory concern with sulfonamide/BP use?

A

NO extra-label use in dairy cattle

19
Q

List the 4 Ionophores.

A
  1. Monesin
  2. Narasin
  3. Lasalocid
  4. Salinomycin
20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the Ionophores?

A
  1. Insert into the cell wall
  2. Bind Na, K, and H ions
  3. Result in lethal pH drop
21
Q

What is the spectrum of the Ionophores?

A
  1. Gram (+) - bactericidal

2. Coccidia - bacteriostatic

22
Q

What is the #1 toxicity concern with the Ionophores?

A

Myopathies

23
Q

What are the 2 non-infectious uses of the Ionophores?

A
  1. Prevent bloat

2. Growth-promotant in cattle

24
Q

What are 5 indications for sulfonamide use?

A
  1. Canine pyoderma
  2. Canine and feline IBD
  3. Coccidiosis in canine and feline
  4. Bovine diarrhea
  5. Bovine foot rot
25
Q

What are 3 indications for ionophore use?

A
  1. Prevent bloat
  2. Coccidiosis in bovine, poultry, swine
  3. Pulmonary edema
26
Q

Sulfadimethoxine + ormethoprim

A

Canine pyoderma

27
Q

Sulfadimethoxine

A

Canine and feline coccidiosis

28
Q

Sulfamethazine

A

Bovine diarrhea

29
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Canine and feline IBD