Respiratory Pharmacology Flashcards Preview

Pharmacology Fall 2016 > Respiratory Pharmacology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Respiratory Pharmacology Deck (32)
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1
Q

Which 3 drugs are capable of B1 and B2 stimulation (Non-selective beta agonists)?

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Ephedrine
  3. Isoproterenol
2
Q

Which 3 drugs are solely capable of B2 stimulation (Selective beta-2 agonists)?

A
  1. Terbutaline
  2. Albuterol
  3. Clenbuterol
3
Q

What are the adverse effects of clenbuterol?

A
  1. Muscle tremors
  2. Tachycardia
  3. Restlessness
  4. Urticaria
4
Q

What effect do beta 2 agonists have on the airways?

A

Bronchodilation

5
Q

What effect do beta 2 agonists have on the uterus?

A

Inhibit uterine contraction

6
Q

For what species is Clenbuterol approved in the U.S.?

A

Equine

7
Q

What is Ventipulmin?

A

Clenbuterol

8
Q

What type of effect do low levels of Clenbuterol have?

A

Beta 2 activity

9
Q

What type of effect do high levels of Clenbuterol have?

A

Beta 1 activity in addition to beta 2 activity

10
Q

How does Clenbuterol effect ciliary function?

A

Increases ciliary beat frequency

11
Q

How does Clenbuterol effect uterine contractility ?

A

Decreases uterine contractions

12
Q

According to the Association of Racing Commissioners International, Clenbuterol is a drug of which classification?

A

Classification 3

13
Q

True or False: Clenbuterol does enhance racing performance in horses.

A

FALSE - there is no cardiopulmonary advantage in healthy horses.

14
Q

What is the MOA of methylxanthine derivatives?

A

Inhibit phosphodiesterase

15
Q

What are 2 methylxanthine derivatives?

A
  1. Theophylline

2. Aminophylline

16
Q

What is the adverse effect associated with beta agonists?

A

Vasoconstriction

17
Q

What are the adverse effects associated with methylxanthine derivatives?

A
  1. CNS excitation
  2. GI upset
  3. Diuresis
  4. Tachycardia
18
Q

What is the effect of methylxanthines on mast cells?

A

Inhibit mast cell degranulation

19
Q

What is the effect of methylxanthines on the airways?

A

Bronchodilation

20
Q

What is the effect of methylxanthines on the mucociliary escalator?

A

Increases mucociliary clearance

21
Q

Which of the following can be used in small animals and horses, Theophylline or Aminophylline?

A

Theophylline

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of theophylline small animals?

A
  1. Nausea and vomiting
  2. PU/PD/PP
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Restlessness
  5. Increased gastric acidity
23
Q

What are 3 anticholinergic modulators of the respiratory tract?

A
  1. Atropine
  2. Glycopyrrolate
  3. Ipratropium
24
Q

Which has the longer 1/2 life, atropine or glycopyrrolate?

A

Glycopyrrolate

25
Q

What are 3 adverse effects of atropine?

A
  1. Tachycardia
  2. Ileus/GI stasis
  3. Decreased mucociliary clearance
26
Q

Which is a “better” bronchodilator, atropine or ipratropium?

A

Ipratropium

27
Q

There are 2 classes of antitussives, what are they?

A
  1. Peripheral

2. Central

28
Q

What type of peripheral antitussive is potassium iodide?

A

Expectorants

29
Q

How does potassium iodide work?

A

Increases fluidity of respiratory secretions

30
Q

Which 2 bronchodilators are also peripheral anti-tussives?

A
  1. Ephedrine

2. Theophylline

31
Q

What are the 3 central narcotic anti-tussives?

A
  1. Codeine
  2. Hydrocodone
  3. Butorphanol
32
Q

What are the 2 adverse effects of codeine, hydrocodone, and butorphanol?

A
  1. Sedation

2. Constipation