5.1 the nervous system

Question 1

what does CNS mean?

Answer 1

central nervous system

Question 2

what does PNS mean?

Answer 2

peripheral nervous system

Question 3

what is the peripheral nervous system split in to?

Answer 3

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 4

what is the autonomic nervous system split into?

Answer 4

the sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 5

what does the CNS consist of?

Answer 5

the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

what does the PNS consist of and do?

Answer 6

all neurones that connect CNS to the rest of the body

Sensory and motor neurones

Question 7

is the somatic nervous system under conscious or subconscious control?

Answer 7

under conscious control

Question 8

when is the somatic system used?

Answer 8

when you want to voluntarily do something e.g. moving a muscle

Question 9

is the autonomic nervous system under conscious or subconscious control?

Answer 9

subconscious control

Question 10

when is the autonomic nervous system used?

Answer 10

when the body does something automatically without you deciding it - involuntary

Question 11

give an example of what the autonomic nervous system is used for?

Answer 11

heart beat

digesting food

Question 12

where does the autonomic nervous system carry impulses to and from?

Answer 12

internal receptors (input) to smooth muscle and glands (output)

Question 13

where does the somatic nervous system carry impulses to and from?

Answer 13

sense organs (input) to skeletal muscles (output)

Question 14

what is the sympathetic motor system involved in?

Answer 14

fight or flight responses

neurotransmitter - noradrenaline

Question 15

what is the parasympathetic motor system involved in?

Answer 15

relaxing responses

neurotransmitter - acetylcholine

Question 16

give an example of how the autonomic system can come under conscious control:

Answer 16

holding breath

swallowing rapidly

Question 17

why is it important that the autonomic system is unconscious?

Answer 17

frees up areas of the brain

if we had to think about breathing we wouldn’t do much else

Question 18

in salivary glands what would sympathetic stimulation involve?

Answer 18

reduced saliva production

Question 19

in salivary glands what would parasympathetic stimulation involve?

Answer 19

increased saliva production

Question 20

in the lungs what would sympathetic stimulation involve?

Answer 20

bronchial muscle relaxed

Question 21

in the lungs what would parasympathetic stimulation involve?

Answer 21

bronchial muscle contracted

Question 22

in the kidneys what would sympathetic stimulation involve?

Answer 22

decreased urine secretion

Question 23

in the kidneys what would parasympathetic stimulation involve?

Answer 23

increased urine secretion

Question 24

why is it important some autonomic functions can come under conscious control?

Answer 24

survival reasons e.g. holding breath to stop breathing underwater

Question 25

what does the cerebrum control?

Answer 25

voluntary actions such as learning, memory, personality and conscious thought

Question 26

what does the cerebellum control?

Answer 26

unconscious function such as posture, balance and non voluntary movement

Question 27

what is the medulla oblongata used in?

Answer 27

autonomic control e.g. heart rate and breathing rate

Question 28

what is the hypothalamus?

Answer 28

the regulatory centre for temperature and water balance

Question 29

what does the pituitary gland do?

Answer 29

stores and releases hormones that regulate many body functions

Question 30

what is the outer layer of the brain called?

Answer 30

the cerebral cortex

Question 31

what is the outer layer split into?

Answer 31

right and left hemisphere right controls left side of brain left controls right side of brain

Question 32

what is the frontal lobe involved in?

Answer 32

problem solving, planning, behaviour control, emotion

Question 33

what is the occipital lobe involved in?

Answer 33

vision

Question 34

what is the temporal lobe involved in?

Answer 34

word understanding, memory, emotion

Question 35

why is the cerebrum convoluted?

Answer 35

increases its surface area and capacity for complex activity

Question 36

where is the primary motor cortex found, what happens here?

Answer 36

back of the frontal lobe | motor neurones send out impulses to control movement

Question 37

what could happen if the cerebellum is damaged?

Answer 37

person suffering jerky uncoordinated movement

Question 38

what is the difference between the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 38

anterior - front section producing six hormones and secreting hormones produced by hypothalamus posterior - stores and releases hormones produced by hypothalamus