Research and Stats (Three)

Question 1

institutional review boards

Answer 1

irbs
groups of psychologists or other professionals who look over each proposed study and judge it according to its safety and consideration for the research participants

Question 2

guidelines for doing research with people

Answer 2

1. rights and well being of participants must be weighed against the study’s value to science
2. participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation
3. deception must be justified
4. participants may withdraw form the study at any time
5. participants must be protected from risks or told explicitly of risks
6. investigators must debrief participants, telling the true nature of the study and expectations of results
7. data must remain confidential
8. if for any reason a study results in undesirable consequences for the participant, the researcher is responsible for detecting and removing, or correcting, these consequences

Question 3

informed consent

Answer 3

legal term

parents of infants or kids in studies must be informed and give consent

Question 4

debriefing

Answer 4

participants have to be told after study exactly why deception was important

Question 5

animal guidelines

Answer 5

primary focus on avoiding any unnecessary pain or suffering

Question 6

why animals

Answer 6

easier to control
shorter lives so easier to study long term effects
some research questions important but can be difficult or dangerous to study on humans

Question 7

critical thinking

Answer 7

making reasoned judgements

ability to ask and seek answers for critical questions at right time

Question 8

reasoned

Answer 8

judgements logical and well thought out

Question 9

four basic criteria for critical thinking

Answer 9

1. there are very few truths that do not need to be subjected to testing
2. all evidence is not equal in quality
3. just because someone is considered to be an authority or to have a lot of expertise doesn’t make everything they claim automatically true
4. critical thinking requires an open mind

Question 10

law of parsimony

Answer 10

if there are two explanations that account for some phenomenon equally well, the simplest explanation is more often the best one