Development 4

Question 1

menopause

Answer 1

cessation of ovulation and menstrual cycle

Question 2

menopause time period

Answer 2

40s
less estrogen
hot flashes
changes at time are called the climacteric
period over which these changes occur (5-10 years) is called perimenopause

Question 3

andropause

Answer 3

40s
decline in several hormones, mainly testosterone
fatigue, irritable, but rarely lose all reproductive ability

Question 4

effects of aging on health

Answer 4

high blood pressure, skin cancer, heart problems, arthritis, obesity

Question 5

changes in memory old age

Answer 5

difficulty with retrieval
stresses cause it sometimes
thinking about events of past aids formation of new memories

Question 6

how to keep brain young

Answer 6

exercise mental abilities

reading, active social life, physically active, etc

Question 7

intimacy

Answer 7

erikson
primary task and finding a mate
emotional and psychological closeness that is based on the ability to trust, share, and care while still maintaining one’s sense of self
if can’t trust others then are isolated

Question 8

generativity

Answer 8

erikson
if find intimacy can turn focus outward
parenting the next generation and helping them through their crises
legacy
stagnated = unable to focus outward and still deal with issues of intimacy or identity

Question 9

parenting styles

Answer 9

diana baumrind

authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting, authoritative parenting, permissive neglectful, and permissive indulgent

Question 10

authoritarian parenting

Answer 10

overly concerned with rules
stern, rigid, controlling, and uncompromising, demands perfection, tendency to use physical punishment
kids are insecure, timid, withdrawn, resent, rebel as teenagers

Question 11

permissive parenting

Answer 11

parents put very few demands on kids for behavior

kids are selfish, immature, dependent, lacking in social skills, unpopular

Question 12

permissive neglectful

Answer 12

parents aren’t involved with kids
ignore them and allow them to do whatever they want until it interferes with what the parent wants
at that point relationship may become abusive one

Question 13

permissive indulgent

Answer 13

parents too involved with kids, allow them to behave in any way they wish, refuse to set limits on kid’s bx or to require any kind of obedience

Question 14

authoritative parenting

Answer 14

combines firm limits on bx with love, warmth, affection, respect, and a willingness to listen to the kid’s point of view
more democratic, kid some say in rules
punishment nonphysical
set clear limits, explain punishment and wrongdoing when kid crosses limits
kids are self reliant and independent

Question 15

ego integrity

Answer 15

erikson
if people can look back and feel that their lives were relatively full and are able to come to terms with regrets and losses
wholeness

Question 16

cellular clock theory

Answer 16

biological theory of aging
cells limited in number of times they can reproduce to repair damage
evidence = existence of telomeres, when telomeres too short can’t reproduce and damage accumulates

Question 17

telomeres

Answer 17

structures on the ends of chromosomes that shorten each time a cell reproduces

Question 18

wear and tear theory

Answer 18

points to outside influences such as stress, physical exertion, and bodily damage
theory of aging
body’s organs and cell tissues wear out with repeated use and absue
damaged tissues accumulate
collagen wears out

Question 19

collagen

Answer 19

natural elastic tissue that allows the skin to be flexible, wears out as people age, sagging skin

Question 20

free radical theory

Answer 20

latest version of wear and tear theory
gives biological explanation for damage done to cells over time
free radicals do more damage as people get older, producing the effects of aging

Question 21

free radicals

Answer 21

oxygen molecules that have an unstable electron

bounce around the cell, stealing electrons from other molecules and increasing the damage to structures inside the cell

Question 22

activity theory

Answer 22

an elderly person adjusts more positively to aging when remaining active in some way
volunteer, new hobbies, social activities

Question 23

kubler ross five stages of reaction when faced with death

Answer 23

1. denial
2. anger
3. bargaining
4. depression
5. acceptance

Question 24

denial

Answer 24

people refuse to believe that the diagnosis of death is real

Question 25

anger

Answer 25

anger at death and feelings of helplessness to change things

Question 26

bargaining

Answer 26

dying person tries to make deal with doctors or even god

Question 27

depression

Answer 27

sadness from losses already experienced and those yet to come

Question 28

acceptance

Answer 28

person has accepted inevitable and quietly awaits death