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Psych > Development 3 > Flashcards

Development 3 Flashcards

1
Q

temperament

A

behavioral and emotional characteristics that are fairly well established at first

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2
Q

three basic temperament styles of infants

A
  1. easy: regular in schedules, happy, easy to soothe, adaptable to change
  2. difficult: irregular schedules, unhappy about change, hard to soothe, unhappy
  3. slow to warm up: quiet, regular but slow to adapt to change
    can be mix
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3
Q

attachment

A

the emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver
important in social, physical, emotional, cognitive, etc development

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4
Q

stranger anxiety and separation anxiety

A

wariness of strangers

fear of being separated from the caregiver

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5
Q

attachment styles based on ainsworth study

A

secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized-disoriented

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6
Q

secure attachment style

A

explore room happily, check in with mom every once in a while, wary when stranger came in but calm if mom nearby
get upset when mom leave, happy when mom back

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7
Q

avoidant attachment style

A

somewhat willing to explore but no check in with mom
no look at stranger or mother
no interest or concern in mom disappearing

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8
Q

ambivalent attachment style

A

clinging and unwilling to explore
upset by stranger regardless of mom’s absence
hard to soothe when mother left, mixed reaction to return

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9
Q

disorganized-disoriented attachment style

A

not ainsworth
unable to decide how to react to mom’s return
approach her with eyes turned away
fearful

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10
Q

imprinting

A

lorenz

describes how infant animals attach themselves to or follow the first animal/person they see immediately after birth

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11
Q

harlow monkey study

A

monkeys prefer warm and cuddly mom even if fed by wire mom

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12
Q

self-concept

A

image you have of yourself

based on interactions with important people in your life

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13
Q

erikson focus and stages

A

focus on importance of social relationships in development of personality

  1. trust vs mistrust
  2. autonomy vs shame and doubt
  3. initiative vs guilt
  4. industry vs inferiority
  5. identity vs role confusion
  6. intimacy vs isolation
  7. generatively vs stagnation
  8. ego integrity vs despair
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14
Q

trust vs mistrust

A

0-1
infants learn a basic sense of trust dependent on how needs are met
responsive parents = believe world will meet needs
neglectful/abusive parents = mistrust world, fail to thrive

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15
Q

autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1-3
toddlers begin to understand that they can control their own actions
success = parents encourage expiration and independence, independent, confident
no success = parents controlling and judge baby, insecure, doubts abilities, no independence

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16
Q

initiative vs guilt

A

3-5
learn to take responsibility for their own behavior as they develop self control
success = parents encourage problem solving, making choices, self-confident, power
no success = parents criticize and hover, no confidence, guilt over attempts

17
Q

industry vs inferiority

A

5-12
must learn new skills in academic and social worlds, compare selves to others to measure success/failure
success = parents/teachers encourage useful skills, apply self
no success = parents/teachers discourage practice, insecurity

18
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

13-20s
must decide who are, what believe, what want to be
success = find role, sense of self and role in society
no success = no clear role, no stable identity, delinquency, hard to form relationships

19
Q

intimacy vs isolation

A

20s-30s
find person who can share identity with in ongoing, close, personal relationship
success = form relationship, connected to others
no success = no form relationship, avoid others, feel cut off
most heavily influenced by earlier stage failures

20
Q

generativity vs stagnation

A

40s-50s
find way to be creative, productive person who nurtures next generation
success = have kids or help others, feel useful
no success = don’t help others, turn inward, focus on possessions, no purpose

21
Q

ego integrity vs despair

A

60s+
come to terms with end of life, reach sense of wholeness and acceptance of life as it has been
success = success in earlier stages, satisfaction, acceptance
no success = look back at failure in earlier stages, regrets

22
Q

adolescence

A

the period of life from 13-early 20s

young person is no longer physically a child but is not yet an independent, self supporting adult

23
Q

puberty

A

clearest sign of beginning of adolescence
physical changes in both primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak
result of complex series of glandular activities stimulated by pituitary gland

24
Q

primary vs secondary sex characteristics

A 
primary = growth of the actual sex organs such as penis or uterus
secondary = changes in the body such as development of breasts and body hair
25
Q

the kinsey study

A 
sexuality spectrum, many white middle class college kids though
important source of information about sexuality
26
Q

personal fable

A

adolescents have spent so much time thinking about own thoughts and feelings that become convinced that they are special, one of a kind, and that no one else has ever had these thoughts and feelings before them
feel invulnerable

27
Q

imaginary audience

A

extreme self consciousness in adolescents

become convinced that everyone is looking at them and that they are always the center of everyone else’s world

28
Q

kohlberg theory of morality

A

three stages, pre conventional, conventional, and post conventional
criticized as male oriented and biased toward western studies

29
Q

pre conventional morality

A

morality of an action is based on the consequences; actions that get rewarded are right and those that earn punishment are wrong
young kids

30
Q

conventional morality

A

an action is morally right if it conforms to the rules of the society and wrong if it does not
older kids and adults

31
Q

postconvtional morality

A

1/5 of adult population

morality determined by the experiences and judgements of person, even if that judgement disagrees with society’s rules

32
Q

men vs women report vs relate style of communication

A 
report = men, switch topics often, attempts to dominate conversation
relate = share private lives and show concern and sympathy, interrupt less
33
Q

identity vs role confusion

A

erikson
psychological crisis faced by adolescent
teen must choose from among many options for values in life and beliefs concerning things such as political issues, career options, and marriage
must find consistent sense of self from these options
peer pressure

34
Q

parent teen conflict

A

certain amount of challenging bx and conflict is necessary step in breaking away from childhood dependence on parents and becoming self-sufficient adult

Psych (56 decks)

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