Thinking, Language, and Intelligence 4

Question 1

language

Answer 1

system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an infinite number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others
also to represent own internal mental activity
important part of thinking

Question 2

parts of language

Answer 2

grammar phonemes morphemes syntax semantics pragmatics

Question 3

grammar

Answer 3

the system of rules governing the structure and use of a language

Question 4

chomsky

Answer 4

humans have innate ability to understand and produce language through LAD (language acquisition device)
complexities of grammar wired in to brain

Question 5

LAD

Answer 5

language acquisition device

innate program that contained a schema for human language

Question 6

phonemes

Answer 6

basic units of sound in a language

different sounds in different languages

Question 7

morphemes

Answer 7

the smallest units of meaning within a language

Question 8

syntax

Answer 8

system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences

Question 9

semantics

Answer 9

rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences

Question 10

pragmatics

Answer 10

the practical aspects of communicating with others
social niceties of language
knowing social cues, gestures, ways ti speak to different people, etc

Question 11

intonation

Answer 11

knowing what rhythm and emphasis to use when communicating with others
part of pragmatics

Question 12

piaget

Answer 12

concepts precede and aid development of language
concepts are pegs on which language is hung
child less egotistic and collective monologue reduced

Question 13

collective monologue

Answer 13

kids talk to themselves even when playing with another kid

kids talk about something unrelated to speech of the other

Question 14

vygotsky

Answer 14

language actually helped develop concepts
language could help child learn t control behavior including social behavior
word help form concept
egocentric speech of preschooler way to form thoughts and organic actions to obtain goals

Question 15

evidence

Answer 15

vygotsky correct

kids use more private speech when learning how to socialize with other kids or when working on difficult task

Question 16

linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 16

sapir-whorf hypothesis
assumes that the thought processes and concepts within any culture are determined by the words of the culture
thought processes and concepts are controlled by/relative to language
words people use determine much of way in which think about world around them

Question 17

sapir and whorf sneaks

Answer 17

say inuit were example but actually not true

no studies as proof

Question 18

cognitive universalism

Answer 18

concepts are universal and influence the development of language
more recent
against linguistic relativity

Question 19

bird study

Answer 19

kids shown flamingo and bat, how eat food, flamingo mashed, asked how blackbird feeds baby, kids who were told flamingo was a bird said mashed up

Question 20

influence of language on

Answer 20

problem solving, cognition, and memory

Question 21

animals can

Answer 21

communicate but not use language

animal gestures instinctual not deliberate and voluntary

Question 22

kanzi

Answer 22

chimpanzee, learned symbols through observation, understand english words
four sounds for banana, grapes, juice, and yes