Personality 1

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

the unique way in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels throughout life

Question 2

character

Answer 2

the value judgements made about a person’s morals or ethical behavior

Question 3

temperament

Answer 3

the enduring characteristics with which each person is born, such as irritability or adaptability
based in biology
basis upon which larger personality built

Question 4

personality combination of

Answer 4

temperaments, personal history of family, culture, time which person grew up

Question 5

psychodynamic perspective

Answer 5

freud
focuses on role of unconscious mind in development of personality
heavily focused on biological causes of personality differences

Question 6

behaviorist perspective

Answer 6

based on theories of learning
focuses on effect of environment on behavior and includes aspects of social cognitive theory in that interactions with others and personal thought processes also influence learning and personality

Question 7

humanistic perspective

Answer 7

reaction against psychoanalytic and behaviorist

focuses on role of each person’s conscious life experiences and choices in personality development

Question 8

trait perspective

Answer 8

concerned with end result, characteristics themselves

some but not all assume traits biologically determined

Question 9

difference between psychodynamic, behaviorist, and humanistic and trait perspective

Answer 9

psych, bx, and human all seek to explain process that causes personality to form into unique characteristics
trait more concerned with end result

Question 10

unconscious mind

Answer 10

part of mind hidden at all times, surfacing only in symbolic form in dreams and in some of bx people engage in without knowing why they have done so
most important determining factor in human bx and personality

Question 11

three parts of mind freud

Answer 11

preconscious, conscious, unconscious

Question 12

three parts of personality freud

Answer 12

id, ego, superego

Question 13

id

Answer 13

first and most primitive part
completely unconscious, pleasure-seeking, amoral part of personality
exists at birth
contains all of basic biological drives
want needs satisfied immediately, don’t care about others,
pleasure principle

Question 14

pleasure principle

Answer 14

desire for immediate gratification of needs with no regard for the consequences
if it feels good, do it

Question 15

ego

Answer 15

develops to deal with reality
mostly conscious
more rational, logical, and cunning than id
reality principle
sometimes decides to deny id its desires bc consequences would be too painful/unpleasant

Question 16

reality principle

Answer 16

need to satisfy demands of id only in ways that will not lead to negative consequences
if it feels good, do it, but only if you can get away with it

Question 17

superego

Answer 17

third and final part
moral center of personality
develops as preschool kid learns rules, customs, and expectations of society
conscience

Question 18

conscience

Answer 18

the part of the personality that makes people feel guilt when they do the wrong thing
not until this develops that kids have sense of right and wrong

Question 19

moral anxiety

Answer 19

guilt

Question 20

conflict

Answer 20

id makes demands, superego restricts demands, ego has to satisfy both
id or superego doesn’t get way, anxiety for ego
constant state of conflict results in disordered bx if too much

Question 21

psychological defense mechanisms

Answer 21

ways of dealing with anxiety through unconsciously distorting one’s perception of reality
important tool for dealing with anxiety

Question 22

psychosexual stages

Answer 22

freud
personality development occurs in a series of these
determined by developing sexuality of child
erogenous zone for age becomes important and can become source of conflicts

Question 23

erogenous zone

Answer 23

area of the body that produces pleasurable feelings

Question 24

fixation

Answer 24

conflicts that aren’t fully resolved
getting stuck to some degree in a stage of development
child grows into adult but will still carry emotional and psychological baggage from earlier fixated stage

Question 25

oral stage

Answer 25

first 18 months
erogenous zone is mouth
conflict: weaning
too soon or too late weaning = orally fixated adult personality
overindulged: too dependent and optimistic
oral needs denied: too aggressive and pessimistic

Question 26

anal stage

Answer 26

18 months to 3 years
erogenous zone is anus
conflict: toilet training
invasion of reality, stimulates development of ego
fixation: child openly refuses to go in toilet and translates into anal expulsive, or child refuse to go at all, anal retentive

Question 27

anal expulsive personality

Answer 27

someone who sees messiness as a statement of personal control and who is somewhat destructive and hostile

Question 28

anal retentive personality

Answer 28

stingy, stubborn, and excessively neat

Question 29

phallic stage

Answer 29

3 to 6 years
erogenous zone is genitals
awakening of sexual curiosity and interest in genitals
boys have castration anxiety, girls have penis envy
conflict: awakening sexual feelings of kid
oedipus and electra complex

Question 30

castration anxiety

Answer 30

boy fear of losing penis

Question 31

penis envy

Answer 31

girl desire to have penis

Question 32

oedipus complex

Answer 32

boys develop sexual attraction to mothers and jealousy of fathers, anxiety and fears that dad might cut off penis
to deal with anxiety boy repress sexual feelings for mom and identify with dad, try to be exactly like dad

Question 33

electra complex

Answer 33

girls develop sexual attraction to dad, mother is rival, result similar to boy

Question 34

result of identification oedipus/electra

Answer 34

development of superego, internalized moral values of same sex parent

Question 35

fixation phallic stage

Answer 35

if don’t have same sex parent to identify with or if opposite sex parent encourages sexual attraction
immature sexual attitude as adult
promiscuous, vain, vanity cover up for low self worth bc can’t resolve complex, promiscuous bc no identify and no form superego well
men = mama’s boys, women = look for older father figures to marry

Question 36

latency stage

Answer 36

6 years to puberty
kids push sexual feelings for opposite sex into unconscious in repression
hidden (latent) sexual feelings
kids grow and develop intellectually, physically, and socially but not sexually
boys play w boys, girls w girls

Question 37

genital stage

Answer 37

puberty on
bodies changing, sexual urges, can’t repress feelings anymore
parents not targets anymore
focus of sexual curiosity and attraction will become other adolescents, celebrities
final stage
entry into adult social and sexual bx