Motivation 5

Question 1

biological theories of motivation

Answer 1

instinct theory, drive reduction theory, arousal theory, opponent process theory

Question 2

instinct theory

Answer 2

things passed down, given genetically, NOT reflexes, complex behaviors
aka fixed action pattern
humans don’t have fixed action patterns, debate if even have instincts

Question 3

drive reduction theory

Answer 3

quest for homeostasis
primary reinforcers don’t account for everything
need to drive to action to homeostasis to need etc

Question 4

arousal theory

Answer 4

autonomic nervous system arousal
stimulation, fills in gaps of drive reduction theory
don’t want to be bored, optimal level of arousal

Question 5

optimum stress zone

Answer 5

optimal level of arousal
right level of challenge
understimulated = bored
overstimulated = burnout
different for everyone

Question 6

opponent process theory

Answer 6

soloman
extreme behavior, explains why take big risks
trying to achieve homeostasis but with more extreme things
extreme excitement to extreme relief, similar to doing drugs

Question 7

maslow

Answer 7

humanist
interactionism (bringing multiple paradigms together)
hierarchy of needs
big problem = theoretical, no data, no science, sometimes people can skip over bottom needs

Question 8

cognitive theories of motivation

Answer 8

attribution, locus of control, learned helplessness, social loafing, social facilitation

Question 9

over justification effect

Answer 9

when you add extrinsic motivation to something intrinsic, suck out intrinsic motivation

Question 10

theory X of motivation

Answer 10

generally in workplace
assumes people are lazy, need extrinsic incentives, need close supervision, need structure
solution = task leadership

Question 11

theory Y of motivation

Answer 11

generally in workplace
assumes people are self-motivated, seek out achievement, need freedom of choice
solution = social leadership

Question 12

task leadership

Answer 12

hands on, schedules, guidelines, incentives
ex. school
most productive when know goal and how to get there

Question 13

social leadership

Answer 13

step back, work still done

Question 14

sleep deprived

Answer 14

hungrier because leptin levels out of whack

Question 15

stomach hunger

Answer 15

if stretched then full, if not then hungry

tests if quality nutrients are in it

Question 16

liver hunger

Answer 16

tests glucose/blood sugar, says if enough glucose

glucose produced in pancreas

Question 17

intestines hunger

Answer 17

tests for fat, say if have had enough fat
release CCK (cholecystokinin) which says if enough fat or not

Question 18

thermogenesis

Answer 18

body temperature goes up when you eat

Question 19

set point

Answer 19

homeostasis of fat in body, want to maintain fat

Question 20

ego-syntonic

Answer 20

something that fits with sense of self, works for your worldview

Question 21

ego-dystonic

Answer 21

things that don’t fit in with worldview or sense of self, don’t work for you

Question 22

anorexia vs bulimia

Answer 22

anorexia is ego-syntonic (actions make them feel better)

bulimia is ego-dystonic (feel horrible about actions, hide them, feel guilt and shame)

Question 23

main thing emotion theorists arguing about

Answer 23

order of things

Question 24

common sense theory

Answer 24

stimulus to conscious feeling to autonomic arousal

Question 25

james lange theory

Answer 25

each arousal unique

stimulus to autonomic arousal and behavior to conscious feeling

Question 26

cannon bard theory

Answer 26

stimulus to subcortical brain activity (thalamus, relay center) to conscious feeling and autonomic arousal (same time)
arousal all similar

Question 27

schachter

Answer 27

stimulus to autonomic arousal to appraisal to conscious feeling
arousal all similar

Question 28

appraisal

Answer 28

cognitive label to emotion

Question 29

reciprocity of emotions

Answer 29

feel same as other people, see their facial expressions and feel same

Question 30

plutchik’s wheel of emotion

Answer 30

ranks emotions and how they are similar and what combinations make other emotions
universal emotions (8)