Sensation and Perception 4

Question 1

olfaction/olfactory sense

Answer 1

ability to smell odors

chemical sense along w taste

Question 2

outer part of nose

Answer 2

collects sensory info and gets it to part of body that will translate it into neural signals

Question 3

olfactory receptor cells

Answer 3

have many hairs called cilia that project into the cavity
receptor sites on hair cells that send signals to brain when stimulated by molecules of substances in air moving past them
at top of nasal passages

Question 4

olfactory receptor cells etc

Answer 4

smell actual molecules of substances in nose
replaced 5-8 weeks
at least 1000 kinds
only send that doesn’t go through thalamus, goes through olfactory bulbs

Question 5

olfactory bulbs

Answer 5

on top of sinus cavity on each side of brain beneath frontal lobes
send neural signals directly up to bulbs, bypass thalamus
info then sent to higher cortical areas
include primary olfactory cortex (piriform cortez), orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala

Question 6

somesthetic senses

Answer 6

body senses, touch

skin senses, kinesthetic sense, vestibular sense

Question 7

skin senses

Answer 7

having to do with touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

Question 8

kinesthetic sense

Answer 8

having to do with location of body parts in relation to each other

Question 9

vestibular senses

Answer 9

having to do with movement and body position

Question 10

skin

Answer 10

organ
keeps bodily fluids in and germs out
receives and transmits info from outside world to central nervous system (somatosensory cortex)

Question 11

pacinian corpuscles

Answer 11

just beneath skin

respond to changes in pressure

Question 12

free nerve endings

Answer 12

just beneath uppermost layer of skin

respond to changes in temperature and pressure and pain

Question 13

visceral pain

Answer 13

pain and pressure in organs

Question 14

somatic pain

Answer 14

pain sensations in skin, muscles, tendons, joints
carried on large nerve fibers
sharp and fast
small nerve fibers = slower, general ache
reminder system not to get hurt again in same place

Question 15

congenital analgesia and congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA)

Answer 15

inability to feel pain
very rare
affect neural pathways that carry pain, heat, and cold sensations

Question 16

anhidrosis

Answer 16

disruption in body’s heat cold sensing perspiration system so person can’t cool off body by sweating

Question 17

phantom limb pain

Answer 17

occurs when person has had arm or leg removed and feels pain in imaginary limb
caused by injury to nerves
move neural map

Question 18

gate control theory

Answer 18

melzack and wall
pain signals must pas through gate located in spinal cord
gate can be closed by non pain signals
gate = relative balance in neural activity in cells in spinal cord

Question 19

substance P

Answer 19

neuromodulater
when released into spinal cord, activates other neurons that send messages through spinal gates to brain and thalamus, cortex, etc
brain interprets info and opens gate more (more pain) or closes gate (damp pain)
also influenced by psych aspects

Question 20

pain up or down

Answer 20

anxiety, fear, helplessness = increase pain

laughter, distraction, sense of control = diminish pain

Question 21

endorphins

Answer 21

body’s version of morphine

can inhibit transmission of pain signals in brain and can inhibit release of substance p in spinal cord

Question 22

women and men pain

Answer 22

women feel more pain than men

men cope better with pain

Question 23

kinesthesia

Answer 23

sense of movement and position in space
receptors in muscles, tendons, and joints (proprioceptors)
know where are in space

Question 24

vestibular sense

Answer 24

sense of balance
structures in ear that tell about position of body in relation to ground and movement of head
structures located in innermost chamber of ear
2 kinds = otolith organs and semicircular canals

Question 25

otolith organs

Answer 25

tiny sacs just above cochlea
contain fluid in which tiny crystals suspended
head moves, crystals cause fluid to vibrate, set off hairlike receptors on inner surface of sac, tell person moving forward, back, up, down, etc

Question 26

semicircular canals

Answer 26

3 somewhat circular tubes filled with fluid that will stimulate hairlike receptors when rotated
one tube in each plane of motion
dizzy bc fluid moving telling you you’re moving but eyes saying not moving

Question 27

motion sickness

Answer 27

caused by disagreement between what eyes say and what body says
tendency to get nauseated when in moving vehicle especially with irregular movement

Question 28

sensory conflict theory

Answer 28

explanation of motion sickness in which info from eyes conflicts too much with vestibular organs
dizziness cause of nausea
can help motion sickness by focusing on distant point, astronauts get motion sick too