Motivation 1

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

the process by which activities are started, directed, and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met

Question 2

extrinsic motivation

Answer 2

person performs action because it leads to an outcome that is separate from the person

Question 3

intrinsic motivation

Answer 3

person performs action because the act itself is fun, rewarding, challenging, or satisfying in some internal manner

Question 4

instincts

Answer 4

biologically determined and innate patterns of behavior

exist in animals; humans don’t have any

Question 5

mcdougall

Answer 5

propose 18 instincts in humans

but now say no instincts in humans (not mcdougall)

Question 6

need

Answer 6

a requirement of some material (such as food or water) that is essential for survival of the organism

Question 7

drive

Answer 7

psychological tension and physical arousal that motivates organism to act in order to fulfill the need and reduce the tension

Question 8

drive-reduction theory

Answer 8

connection between needs and drive (internal physiological states and outward behavior)
primary drives and secondary/acquired drives
homeostasis
good but doesn’t explain all human motivation

Question 9

primary drives

Answer 9

drive-reduction theory
involve survival needs of the body such as hunger or thirst
primary reinforcers satisfy primary drives

Question 10

acquired (secondary) drives

Answer 10

drive-reduction theory
learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money or social approval
secondary reinforcers satisfy secondary drives

Question 11

homeostasis

Answer 11

drive-reduction theory
the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state
keeps body in balance

Question 12

nAff

Answer 12

need for affiliation
mcclelland
psychological need for friendly social interactions and relationships with others
high in need want to be liked by others and held in high regard by those around them

Question 13

nPow

Answer 13

need for power
mcclelland
reaching goals and having power over others
high in need want influence over others and make an impact, want ideas to be used even if bad

Question 14

nAch

Answer 14

need for achievement
mcclelland
strong desire to succeed in attaining goals, not only realistic ones but also challenging ones
high in need want careers where evaluated by others, need feedback, want personal success not just riches
strongly related to success in life

Question 15

dweck

Answer 15

need for achievement closely linked to personality factors, including person’s view of how self can affect individual’s perception of success or failure of actions
related to locus of control

Question 16

self

Answer 16

the beliefs a person holds about his or her own abilities and relationships with others

Question 17

locus of control

Answer 17

how much control people think they have over their lives

Question 18

internal locus of control

Answer 18

assume have control over what happens in life, in charge

Question 19

external locus of control

Answer 19

feel lives controlled by powerful others, luck, or fate

Question 20

dweck research

Answer 20

two belief systems about intelligence
if believe intelligence fixed then external locus of control, give up and fail, learned helplessness, want to look smart
if believe intelligence changeable then internal locus, think own actions improve intelligence, work to master tasks, don’t let failure define them

Question 21

stimulus motive

Answer 21

one that appears to be unlearned but causes increase in stimulation
human need = need for stimulation
ex curiosity, playing, exploration

Question 22

arousal theory

Answer 22

people have optimal level of tension

task performances suffer is too aroused or not aroused enough

Question 23

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 23

relationship between task performance and arousal
law refers to stimulus intensity not arousal level
moderate level of arousal best

Question 24

sensation seeker

Answer 24

person who needs more arousal than normal

need more complex and varied sensory experiences, doesn’t always involve danger

Question 25

incentives

Answer 25

things that attract or lure people into action

Question 26

incentive approaches

Answer 26

behavior explained in terms of the external stimulus and its rewarding properties
rewarding properties exist independently of any need or level of arousal, can cause people to act only upon incentive
based on learning principles

Question 27

push pull thing

Answer 27

push of internal needs or drives, pull of rewarding external stimulus