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Anatomy > Nervous, Joint and Muscle > Flashcards

Nervous, Joint and Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ joint is a synovial joint that contains menisci

A

knee

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2
Q

Identify the joint structural category that is NOT classified as synovial

a) condylar
b) saddle
c) ball-and-socket
d) synchondrosis
e) plane

A

d) synchondrosis

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3
Q

Rotation of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly is called

A

supination

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4
Q

A bundle of muscle fibers separated from other bundles of fibers by a dense irregular fibrous connective tissue covering is called a

A

fascicle

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5
Q

The _______ is a layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle.

A

epimysium

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6
Q

The orbicularis oris muscle that encircles the opening of the mouth is a _______ muscle.

A

circular

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7
Q

Identify the muscle that originates at the hyoid bone and inserts on the side of the tongue

A

hyoglossus

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8
Q

Identify the muscle that originates at the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and inserts at the hyoid

A

thyrohyoid

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9
Q

Identify the muscle that originates at the superior border of scapula and inserts at the hyoid

A

omohyoid

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10
Q

The central nervous system is composed of

A

brain

spinal cord

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11
Q

The peripheral nervous system is composed of
a) cranial nerves

b) ganglia
c) spinal nerves
d) both a and b
e) all of the above

A

e) all of the above

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12
Q

Identify the neuron process(es) that conduct information to the cell body (input)

A

dendrites

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13
Q

Identify the 3 primary brain vesicles

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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14
Q

Identify the only primary brain vesicle that does not form a new secondary vesicle

A

mesencephalon

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15
Q

Choose which component is the largest of the cranial dural septa

a) falx cerebri
b) tentorium cerebelli
c) falx cerebelli
d) diaphragma sellae
e) none of the above; the dural septa are all the same size

A

a) falx cerebri

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16
Q

The axon connects to the cell body at a triangular region called

A

the axon hillock

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17
Q

Identify the most common type of glial cell; a large cell with numerous cell processes, in contact with neurons and capillaries

A

astrocyte

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18
Q

Identify the type of glial cell that does NOT occur in the central nervous system

A

satellite cell

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19
Q

The _______ is formed from the anterior rami of C1-C4, and innervates the neck and portions of the head and shoulders.

A

cervical plexus

20
Q

The _______ is formed from the anterior rami of L1-L4, and innervates the anterior and medial thigh and the skin of the medial leg.

A

lumbar plexus

21
Q

The _______ is formed from the anterior rami of L4-S4, and innervates most of the lower limb.

A

sacral plexus

22
Q

What type of synovial joint is the humeroscapular (glenohumeral) joint?

A

Ball-and-socket joint

23
Q

How many planes of motion does the condylar joint have?

A

Two

24
Q 
Which of the below holds synovial fluid?
Bursa
Synovial joint cavity
Meniscus
A and B
All of the abov
A

Bursa

Synovial joint cavity

25
Q

When a muscle relaxes, which of the below is true?

A

The H zone increases.

26
Q 
When a nerve impulse innervates a muscle, what moves in an oar-like fashion to contract a muscle?
Thick filament
Thin filament
Myosin
A and C
B and C
A

A and C
Thick filament
Thin filament

27
Q

What material is between myofibrils of the same cell?

A

Sarcoplasm

28
Q

Which muscle is the antagonist of the hyoglossus muscle?

A

Genioglossus

29
Q

Which muscle is the antagonist of the muscle used to inhale?

A

Internal intercostals

30
Q

Where does the coracobrachialis originate?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

31
Q

Which muscle is in the sural region?

A

Gastrocnemius

32
Q

Which muscle is the agonist for extending the great toe (1)?

A

Extensor hallucis longus

33
Q

What region does the buccal region refer to?

A

Cheek

34
Q

Which of the below is NOT descriptive of a neuron?

A

Neurons have multiple axons to allow multiple motor outputs.

35
Q

Which cells are the immune response of the central nervous system?

A

Microglial cells

36
Q

Which of the below mainly gives white matter its color?

A

Myelin sheaths

37
Q

Which is a function of the hypothalamus?

A

Control the pituitary gland

38
Q

Which of the below describes commissures?

A

Tract that crosses the midline of the central nervous system

39
Q 
Where is the reticular formation located?
Pons
Basal Ganglia
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Medulla Oblongata
A

Medulla Oblongata
all of the above - centered in medulla, but the reticular formation is diffuse and spreads out from the medulla upwards and even into the upper spinal cord (maybe not the cerebellum, but maybe yes)

40
Q 
What does the prosencephalon develop into?
telencephalon
diencephalon
hypothalamus
lateral ventricles
All of the above
A

All of the above

41
Q 
Which of the below is NOT a derivative of the rhombencephalon?
cerebellum
Cerebral aqueduct
fourth ventricle
myelencephalon
None of the above.
A

Cerebral aqueduct

42
Q

Which happens to neural crest cells once the neural tube is formed (after week 4)?

A

They migrate readily in the body and form the cranial and spinal nerves.

neural crest cells become much more … and do not account for all cranial nerves, nor even spinal nerves. The posterior root ganglion cells, yes…

43
Q

Which of the following body regions does not have a matching number of spinal nerve pairs to vertebrae?

A

Cervical

well, we could have switched the numbering system anywhere….

44
Q

Where do the roots of the eighth spinal nerve merge and ultimately leave the vertebral column?

A

Through the intervertebral foramen between C7 and T1 vertebrae.

45
Q 
Which of the below about the general structure of the spinal cord is INCORRECT?
The posterior (dorsal) column (funiculus) is between the lateral horns.

The lateral horns are posterior to the anterior horns.

The anterior median fissure folds in the anterior (ventral) column (funiculus).

Lateral horns occur in the thoracic region.

All the above are correct.

A

The posterior (dorsal) column (funiculus) is between the lateral horns.

Anatomy (59 decks)

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