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Anatomy > McKinely Chapter 1 > Flashcards

McKinely Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of structure

A

anatomy

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2
Q

Study of function of body structures

A

physiology

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3
Q

Structure and function cannot be completely separated. True or False?

A

True

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4
Q

Form is related to function.

True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

Study of cells is __

Part of ___anatomy

A

cytology

microscopic

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6
Q

Study of tissue

Part of __anatomy

A

histology

microscopic

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7
Q

Gross anatomy is also called

A

macroscopic anatomy

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8
Q

study that investigates structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to unaided eye

A

Gross Anatomy or macroscopic anatomy

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9
Q

Division of Anatomy that examines similarities and differences in the anatomy of species

A

Comparative anatomy

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10
Q

Division of Anatomy that investigates changes in structure within an individual from conception through maturity

A

Developmental anatomy

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11
Q

Division of Anatomy that is concerned with developmental changes occurring prior to birth

A

Embryology

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12
Q

Division of Anatomy that examines structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit, ie:
skin, connective tissue, fat, bones, muscles, nerves and blood vessels of the neck

A

Regional anatomy

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13
Q

Division of Anatomy that examines superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them. Health-care providers use features to identify and locate specific bony processes at joints as well as to obtain a pulse or blood sample from a patient

A

Surface Anatomy

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14
Q

Division of Anatomy that studies gross Anatomy of each system in the body

A

Systemic Anatomy

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15
Q

Division of Anatomy that examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease

A

Pathologic Anatomy

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16
Q

Division of Anatomy that studies relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures such as ultrasound, MRI or X-ray

A

Surgical Anatomy

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17
Q

Structural organization of the body. Put in order from smallest to biggest:

mole
organs
tissue
atoms
cells
organism
organ systems
A 
atoms
molecules
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism
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18
Q

The simplest level of organization within the body is the chemical level, which is composed of ___ and ___

A

atoms and molecules

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19
Q

___ are the smallest units of matter

A

atoms

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20
Q

Two or more atoms combine to form a__, such as protein, water molecule or a vitamin

A

molecule

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21
Q

Large, complex ___-molecule form DNA and protein

A

macromolecule

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22
Q

At the cellular level, specialized structural and functional units called ____permit all living cells to share some common functions

A

organelles

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23
Q

Large molecules join in specific ways to form ___ which are the basic units of structure and function in organisms

A

cells

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24
Q

__is the smallest structural unit that exhibits the characteristics of livings things (organism), and it is the smallest living portion of the human body

A

cell

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25
Q

Groups of similar cells with a common function

A

tissue

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26
Q

___are precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions

A

tissues

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27
Q

Different tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex functions form an __

A

organ

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28
Q

___consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function

A

organ systems

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29
Q

There are __ organ systems in the human body

A

11

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30
Q

All body systems function ___in a single living human being

A

interdependently

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31
Q

Name 7 characteristics of living things

A 
organization
metabolism
growth & development
responsiveness
adaptation
regulation
reproduction
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32
Q

All organisms exhibit a __ structure and order

A

complex

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33
Q

What living the category is the following:

chemical reactions to break down ingested nutrients into digestible particles

A

Metabolism

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34
Q

What living the category is the following:

using cell’s own energy to perform certain functions

A

Metabolism

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35
Q

What living the category is the following:

contracting and relaxing muscles to move the body

A

Metabolism

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36
Q

What living the category is the following:

ingesting nutrients

A

Metabolism

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37
Q

What living the category is the following:

expelling wastes

A

Metabolism

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38
Q

What living the category is the following:

acquire energy needed for life’s activities

A

Metabolism

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39
Q

What living the category is the following:

increase size

A

Growth and development

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40
Q

What living the category is the following:

increase specialization as related to form and function

A

Growth and development

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41
Q

What living the category is the following:

sense and respond to changes in their internal or external environment

A

Responivenes

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42
Q

What living the category is the following:

alter anatomic structure, physiological process, behavioral trait to increase its expected long-term reproductive sucess

A

Adaptation

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43
Q

What living the category is the following:

maintain a consistent internal environment

A

Regulation

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44
Q

What living the category is the following:

Produce sex cells and develop new living organism

A

Reproduction

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45
Q

___tissue covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavities

A

Epithelial

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46
Q

4 types of tissue

A

epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscle tissue
nervous tissue

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47
Q

___tissue protects, supports & interconnects body parts and organs

A

Connective

48
Q

__tissue produces movement

A

muscle

49
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle

50
Q

__tissue conducts impulses for internal communication

A

nervous

51
Q

___System provides protection, regulates body temperature, site of cutaneous receptors, synthesizes vitamin D, and prevents water loss

A

Integumentary

52
Q

__System provides support, protection, site of blood cell production (hematopoeisis), stores calcium and phosphorus, and allows for body movement

A

Skeletal

53
Q

__System produces body movement and generates heat when contracts

A

Muscular

54
Q

__System serves as a regulatory system that controls body movements, responds to sensory stimuli, helps control other systems, responsible for intellingence, consciousness and memory

A

Nervous

55
Q

__System consists of glands, cell clusters, that secrete hormones which regulate body and cellular growth, chemical levels in the body, and reproductive functions

A

Endocrine

56
Q

__System consisting of a pump that moves blood through vessels in order to distribute hormones, nutrients, gases and pick up waste products

A

Cardiovascular

57
Q

___System that transports and filters interstitial fluid, initiates an immune response when needed

A

Lymphatic

58
Q

__System is responsible for exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between blood and the air in the lungs

A

Respiratory

59
Q

___System that mechanically and chemically digests food, absorbs nutrients and expels waste

A

Digestive

60
Q

__System that filters the blood and removes waste products from the blood, concentrates waste in the form of urine and expels urine

A

Urinary

61
Q

__ __System that produces sex cells and testosterone

A

Male Reproductive

62
Q

__ __ System tha produces oocytes, estrogen & progesterone

A

Female Reproductive

63
Q

__position is when an individual stands upright, feet parallel and flat, head is level, eyes looking forward, arms at either side, palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from the body

A

anatomical

64
Q

__is an imaginary surface or line that slices the body into specific sections

A

plane

65
Q

3 major anatomic planes

A

coronal
transverse
sagittal

66
Q

__ plane is also called frontal plane

A

coronal

67
Q

Plane that divides body into front and back parts

A

coronal

68
Q

Plane that is also called cross-sectional

A

transverse

69
Q

Horizontal plane that cuts perpendicularly along the long axis separating upper and lower parts

A

transverse

70
Q

Plane that is also called median plane

A

Sagittal

71
Q

Plane that divides structure into right and left halves

A

sagittal

72
Q

A Sagittal plane in the body midline is a __ plane

A

midsagittal

73
Q

A plane that is parallel to the midsagital plane but either is to the left or the right of it is __

A

parasagittal

74
Q

plane at an angle

A

oblique

75
Q

In front of, toward the front surface

A

anterior

76
Q

In back of, toward the back

A

posterior

77
Q

At the back side of the human body

A

dorsal

78
Q

at the belly of the human body

A

ventral

79
Q

Toward the head or above

A

superior

80
Q

Toward the feet

A

inferior

81
Q

at the rear or tail end

A

caudal

82
Q

at the head end

A

cranial

83
Q

Toward the midline

A

medial

84
Q

away from the midline

A

lateral

85
Q

on the inside, underneath another structure

A

deep

86
Q

on the outside

A

superficial

87
Q

closest to the point of attachment to the trunk

A

proximal

88
Q

furthest from the point of attachment to the trunk

A

distal

89
Q

__ region includes head, neck, trunk

A

axial

90
Q

__ region includes limbs, appendages

A

appendicular

91
Q

2 main body cavities

A

anterior

posterior

92
Q

2 back body cavities

A

cranial cavity

spinal/vertebral cavity

93
Q

cranial cavity contains

A

brain

94
Q

vertebral cavity contains

A

spinal cord

95
Q

Anterior body cavity is separated by __ which is an important muscle vital for breathing

A

diaphragm

96
Q

__cavity located in chest containing heart, lungs, and large blood vessels

A

Thoracic

97
Q

Upper __cavity contains stomach, small intestines, most of large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen

A

abdominal

98
Q

cavity containing urinary bladder, reproductive organs, last part of large intestine

A

pelvic

99
Q

Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavitities are lined with __membrane

A

serous

100
Q

lines the internal surface of the body wall

A

parietal layer

101
Q

covers the external surface of the organs within the cavity

A

visceral layer

102
Q

Between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous membrane is a thin __cavity containing lubricating film

A

serous cavity

103
Q

__ fluid reduces friction and helps organs move smoothly against both one another and body wall

A

serous

104
Q

Cavity contains heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, major blood vessels to heart

A

mediastinum

105
Q

Within mediastinum, the heart is enclosed by a two layered serous membrane called the

A

pericardium

106
Q

Lungs are lined by a 2 layered serous membrane called the

A

pleura

107
Q

Outer layer that lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall

A

parietal pleura

108
Q

Inner layer that covers the external surface of the lung

A

visceral pleura

109
Q

Narrow, moist potential space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura is

A

pleural cavity

110
Q

Moist two layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

A

peritoneum

111
Q

High energy radiation, penetrates solid structures, can pass through soft tissues but are absorbed by dense tissues including bone, teeth and tumors

A

Radiology- X- Rays

112
Q

Process where a patient is slowly moved through a doughnut shaped machine while low intensity X rays are emitted and continuous thin “slices” reconstruct three dimensional image of a particular tissue or organ

A

CT scan

Computed tomography

113
Q

Successive X rays around a person’s full circumference forming a detailed picture of a body section

A

CT or CAT scan

114
Q

Also known as ultrasound

A

sonography

115
Q

ultrasound image produced is called

A

sonogram

116
Q

Previously called NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, visualizes soft tissues with strong magnetic field that causes protons (hydrogen atoms) in the tissues to align in different direction. Release of atoms’ excess energy at different rates. Better than CT for distinguishing soft tissues. Produces high quality images of soft tissues. Distinguishes body tissues based on relative water content.

A

MRI

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

117
Q

Forms images by detecting radioactive isotopes injected into the body

A

PET scan

Positron emission tomography

Anatomy (59 decks)

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