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Anatomy > Muscles Chapters 10-12 > Flashcards

Muscles Chapters 10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

How many skeletal muscles in the body?

A

700 skeletal muscles

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2
Q

equated with responsiveness

A

Excitability

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3
Q

causes the fiber to shorten resulting in either a pull on bones or the movement of specific body parts.

A

Contractility

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4
Q

muscle’s ability to return to its original length when tension is released.

A

Elasticity

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5
Q

capability of extending in length in response to the contraction of opposing muscle fibers.

A

Extensibility

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6
Q

4 characteristics of a muscle

A

Excitability
Contractility
Elasticity
Extensibility

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7
Q

Functions of Skeletal Muscle

A 
Body Movement
Maintenance of posture 
Temperature regulation 
Storage and movement of materials
Support
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8
Q

Each skeletal muscle is composed of f___

A

fascicles

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9
Q

bundles of muscle fibers

A

fascicles

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10
Q

Muscle fibers contain

A

myofibrils

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11
Q

composed of myofilaments

A

myofibrils

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12
Q

Innermost connective tissue layer
Surrounds each muscle fiber
Help bind together neighboring muscle fibers and
Support capillaries near fibers

A

Endomysium

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13
Q

Surrounds the bundles of muscle fibers called fascicles.

Has a dense irregular connective tissue sheath which contains extensive arrays of blood vessels and nerves that branch to supply each individual fascicle.

A

Perimysium

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14
Q

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole skeletal muscle.

A

Epimysium

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15
Q

expansive sheet of dense irregular connective tissue

separates individual muscles

binds together muscles with similar functions

forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

fill spaces between muscles

A

Deep Fascia

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16
Q

attaches the muscle to bone, skin, or another muscle.

A

Tendon

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17
Q

have a thick, cordlike structure.

A

Tendons

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18
Q

forms a thin, flattened sheet, termed an aponeurosis

A

tendons

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19
Q

bone to bone

A

Ligaments

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20
Q

Tendon was made of

A

dense regular connective tissue

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21
Q

Insertion is distal or proximal?

A

distal

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22
Q

Most skeletal muscles extend between bones and cross at least one

A

movable joint

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23
Q

Upon contraction, one of the bones moves while the other bone usually remains

A

fixed

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24
Q

Less movable attachment of a muscle is called its

A

origin

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25
Q

More movable attachment of the muscle is its

A

insertion

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26
Q

Insertion is pulled toward the

A

origin

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27
Q

Origin typically lies ___ to the insertion.

A

proximal

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28
Q

Extends through both the epimysium and perimysium

A

blood vessels and nerves

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29
Q

Blood vessels deliver to the muscle fibers both nutrients and oxygen needed for the production of ___

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

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30
Q

remove waste products produced by the muscle fibers.

A

blood vessels

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31
Q

muscle toxic waste

A

Lactic acid

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32
Q

Classified as ___ muscles because they are controlled by the somatic nervous system.

A

voluntary

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33
Q

The neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called

A

motor neurons

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34
Q

__or__ transmits a nerve impulse to a muscle fiber.

A

Axon or nerve fiber

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35
Q

Axon travels through the epimysium and perimysium, and enters the endomysium, where it sends a nerve impulse to an individual ___

A

muscle fiber

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36
Q

Axon travels through the __ and ___, and enters the ___, where it sends a nerve impulse to an individual muscle fiber.

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

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37
Q

we have control over; somatic nervous system

A

Voluntary

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38
Q

Which nervous system controls voluntary muscles?

A

somatic nervous system

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39
Q

Skeletal Muscle fiber =

A

muscle cell

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40
Q

Sarcolemma

A

skeletal muscle cell Membrane

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41
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

skeletal muscle Cytoplasm

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42
Q

Stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum and Endoplasmic Reticulum

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43
Q

AKA for Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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44
Q

transports a muscle impulse from the sarcolemma throughout the entire muscle fiber.

A

Transverse tubules (T-tubules)

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45
Q

T tubules aka

A

Transverse tubules

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46
Q

Expanded ends of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are in contact with the transverse tubules

A

Terminal cisternae

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47
Q

Site of calcium ion release to promote muscle contraction

A

Terminal cisternae

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48
Q

Myofilaments give rise to

A

myofibrils

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49
Q

Troponin and Tropomyosin are what kind of proteins

A

Regulatory proteins

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50
Q

2 types of myofilaments

A

Actin and Myosin

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51
Q

Actin is thin or thick filament?

A

thin

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52
Q

Myosin is thin or thick filament?

A

thick

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53
Q

Space between 2 Zdiscs=

A

sarcomere

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54
Q

functional contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber

A

sarcomere

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55
Q

Myofibrils contain __ Z discs

A

multiple

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56
Q

Numerous sarcomeres in each

A

myofibril

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57
Q

Each shortens as the muscle fiber contracts

A

sarcomere

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58
Q

Muscle lacks __ when fully contracted

A

striations

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59
Q

Fully contracted muscle interacton between the __ and__

A

Actin and myosin

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60
Q

One nerve supplies__ fibers

A

several

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61
Q

where neuron attaches to the muscle

A

Nueromuscular junction

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62
Q

Initiates muscle contraction in a single muscle fiber.

typically controls numerous muscle fibers in a muscle.

Has a neuromuscular junction with each muscle fiber it controls.

A

motor neuron

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63
Q

Composed of a single __, the muscle fibers it controls, and the neuromuscular junctions between the motor neuron and the muscle fibers.

Typically controls only some of the muscle fibers in an entire muscle.

Most muscles have this

Many are needed to innervate an entire muscle

A

motor unit

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64
Q

A muscle fiber either contracts completely or does not contract at all.

A

All-or-none principle

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65
Q

When a motor unit is stimulated, all its fibers contract at the __ time.

A

same

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66
Q

The total force exerted by the muscle depends on the __of activated motor units.

A

number

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67
Q

A muscle fiber either contracts completely or does not contract at all.

When a motor unit is stimulated, all its fibers contract at the same time.

The total force exerted by the muscle depends on the number of activated motor units.

A

All-or-none principle

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68
Q

__motor units are always active, even when a muscle is at rest.

A

some

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69
Q

The motor units causes the muscle to become tense, but do not produce enough tension to cause movement .

___ is the resting tension in a skeletal muscle.

A

muscle tone

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70
Q

length of the muscle does not change because the tension produced never exceeds the resistance (load)

tension is generated, but not enough to move the load

Produces no movement.
Used in Standing, Sitting and Posture

A

Isometric contraction

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71
Q

tension produced exceeds the resistance (load), and the muscle fibers shorten, resulting in movement.

Produces Movement.

Used in walking and moving any body part.

A

Isotonic contraction

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72
Q

Reduction in muscle size, tone, and power due to reduced stimulation, it loses both muscle mass and tone.

Muscles becomes flaccid, and its fibers decrease in size and become weaker.
Even a temporary reduction in muscle use can lead to __

A

muscle atrophy

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73
Q

An increase in muscle fiber size.

Muscle size may be improved by exercising.

Repetitive, exhaustive stimulation of muscle fibers results in more mitochondria, larger glycogen reserves, and an increased ability to produce ATP.

Ultimately, each muscle fiber develops more myofibrils, and each myofibril contains a larger number of myofilaments.

A

Muscle Hypertrophy

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74
Q

Three Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers

A

Fast, intermediate and slow

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75
Q 
Which muscle type is described? 
muscles of the upper limb
large in diameter 
contain large glycogen reserves
densely packed myofibrils
relatively few mitochondria 
called white fibers due to lack of myoglobin
majority of skeletal muscle fibers in the body
A

Fast skeletal muscles fibers

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76
Q

Which muscle type is described?
muscles of the lower limbs
resemble fast fibers; however
have a greater resistance to fatigue

A

Intermediate skeletal muscle fibers

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77
Q

Which muscle type is described?
muscles of the trunk, especially postural muscles
smaller and they contract more slowly
called red fibers because due to myoglobin

A

slow skeletal muscle fibers

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78
Q

Appearance is due to size and density differences between thick filaments and thin filaments.
Under the light microscope, two differently shaded bands are present.

A

skeletal muscle striations

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79
Q

The dark bands, called __, contain the entire __ filament.

A

A bands

thick

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80
Q

At either end of a thick filament is a region where___ filaments extend into the A band between the stacked thick filaments.

A

thin

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81
Q

Light bands, called __, contain __filaments only.

A

I bands

thin

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82
Q

___ is also called a sphincter because contraction of the muscle closes off the opening.

A

Circular muscle

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83
Q

__has widespread muscle fibers that converge on a common attachment site and are often triangular in shape.

A

Convergent muscle

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84
Q

___ run parallel to its long axis.

have a central body, called the belly, or gaster

A

Parallel fascicles

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85
Q

___ have one or more tendons extending through their body, and the fascicles are arranged at an oblique angle to the tendon.

A

Pennate

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86
Q

3 Types of Pennate Muscles

A

Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate

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87
Q

all of the muscle fibers are on the same side of the tendon.

A

Unipennate muscle

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88
Q

the most common type, has muscle fibers on both sides of the tendon.

A

Bipennate muscle

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89
Q

has branches of the tendon within the muscle.

A

Multipennate muscle

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90
Q

In the body, a __ bone acts as a lever, a __serves as the fulcrum, and the effort is generated by a __ attached to the bone.

A

long
joint
muscle

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91
Q

__ lever has a fulcrum in the middle, between the force and the resistance

A

First class lever

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92
Q

__ lever resistance is between the fulcrum and the applied force

A

Second class lever

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93
Q

__ lever where force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum.

The most common levers in the body

A

Third class lever

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94
Q

___joint of the neck, where the muscles on the posterior side of the neck pull inferiorly on the nuchal lines of the skull and oppose the tendency of the head to tip anteriorly is a __ class lever

A 
Atlanto-occipital 
1st class lever
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95
Q

foot is depressed aka __so that a person can stand on tiptoe. The contraction of the calf muscles causes a pull superiorly by the calcaneal tendon attached to the ___

A

plantar flexion

heel (calcaneus)

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96
Q

__class levers are rare

A

Second

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97
Q

Plantar flexion is an example of

A

Second class lever

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98
Q

Elbow is an example of a __ class lever where the fulcrum is the __ between the __ and __, the effort is applied by the __muscle, and the resistance is provided by any weight in the hand or by the weight of the forearm itself.

A

third
joint
humerus and ulna
biceps brachii

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99
Q

Mandible acts as a ___class lever when you bite with your incisors on a piece of food. The ___joint is the fulcrum, and the ___ muscle exerts the effort, while the resistance is the item of food being bitten.

A

third
temporomandibular
temporalis

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100
Q

also called a prime mover contracts to produce a particular movement

A

Agonists

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101
Q

actions oppose those of the agonist

A

Antagonists

102
Q

assist the prime mover in performing its action.
the contraction contributes to tension exerted close to the insertion of the muscle or stabilizes the point of origin

may also assist an agonist by preventing movement at a joint and thereby stabilizing the origin of the agonist

called fixators

A

Synergists

103
Q

Muscle names incorporate appearance, location, function, orientation, and unusual features. True or False?

A

True

104
Q 
Muscle names provide clues to their identification, such as: 
orientation of muscle fibers 
muscle attachments 
specific body regions 
muscle shape 
muscle size 
muscle heads/tendons of origin 
muscle function or movement 
muscle position at body surface 
True or False?
A

True

105
Q

Fibers are individual muscle fibers arranged in thick bundles within the heart wall.

Fibers are striated like skeletal muscle fibers, but shorter and thicker, and they have only one or two nuclei.

Fibers form Y-shaped branches and join to adjacent muscle fibers at junctions termed intercalated discs.

Fibers are autorhythmic

A

Cardiac Muscle

106
Q

can generate a muscle impulse without being stimulated. Example?

A

autorhythmic muscle fibers

Cardiac muscle

107
Q

Composed of short muscle fibers that have a fusiform shape and single centrally located nucleus.

Thick and thin filaments are not precisely aligned so no visible striations or sarcomeres are present.

Z discs are absent - thin filaments are attached to dense bodies by elements of the cytoskeleton.

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is sparse.

Transverse tubules are absent.

Contraction is slow, resistant to fatigue, and usually sustained for an extended period of time.

Takes longer than skeletal muscle to contract and relax.

Contraction is under involuntary control.

A

Smooth muscle

108
Q

Z discs are absent - thin filaments are attached to dense bodies by elements of the cytoskeleton.
Which type of muscle?

A

smooth muscle

109
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum is sparse.

Transverse tubules are absent.

Which type of muscle?

A

smooth muscle

110
Q

Contraction is under involuntary control.

A

smooth muscle

111
Q

Initiated during the fourth week of embryonic development when mesodermal cells form thick blocks along each side of the developing neural tube.

A

skeletal muscle

112
Q

Blocks, called paraxial mesoderm, form structures called __

A

somites

113
Q

sclerotome separates from the rest of the somite and gives rise to the __skeleton

A

vertebral

114
Q

__ forms the connective tissue of the skin

A

dermatome

115
Q

__ gives rise to the skeletal muscles

A

myotome

116
Q

Slow, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass begins as a direct result of increasing inactivity.

Size and power of all muscle tissues also decrease

Lost muscle mass is replaced by either adipose or fibrous connective tissue.

Muscle strength and endurance are impaired.

Decreased cardiovascular performance thus increased circulatory supply to active muscles occurs much more slowly

Tolerance for exercise decreases.

Tendency toward rapid fatigue.

Muscle tissue has a reduced capacity to recover from disease or injury.

Elasticity of skeletal muscle also decreases.

A

Effects of aging on skeletal muscle

117
Q

Axial or Appendicular muscles have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton?

A

Axial

118
Q

Axial or Appendicular muscles support and move the head and spinal column?

A

Axial

119
Q

Axial or Appendicular function in nonverbal communication by affecting facial features.

A

Axial

120
Q

Axial or appendicular muscles move the lower jaw during chewing?

A

Axial

121
Q

Axial or appendicular musclses assist in food processing and swallowing?

A

Axial

122
Q

Axial or appendicular muscles aid breathing?

A

Axial

123
Q

Axial or appendicular muscles support and protect the abdominal and pelvic organs?

A

Axial

124
Q

Axial or appendicular muscles are not responsible for stabilizing or moving the pectoral or pelvic girdles or their attached limbs?

A

Axial

125
Q

Muscles of the __and __almost all originate on either the skull or the hyoid bone.

A

head and neck

126
Q

Originate in the superficial fascia or on the skull bones.

Insert into the superficial fascia of the skin.

Contort the skin causing it to move.

A

muscles of facial expression

127
Q

The __ is the most expressive part of the face.

A

mouth

128
Q

The __of facial expression has very diverse muscles

A

mouth

129
Q

__consists of muscle fibers that encircle the opening of the mouth when it contracts the mouth __

A

Orbicularis oris

closes

130
Q

aka extraocular muscles.

A

extrinsic eye muscles

131
Q

Muscles are termed __ because they originate within the orbit and insert onto the sclera.

A

extrinsic eye muscles

132
Q

How many extrinsic eye muscles?

A

6

133
Q

Name extrinsic eye muscles

A

the rectus muscles
(medial, lateral, inferior, and superior)

the oblique muscles (inferior and superior)

134
Q

Refers to the process of chewing.

Move the __ at the temporomandibular joint.

A

Muscles of mastication

mandible

135
Q

Four paired muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoids
medial pterygoids

136
Q

The__ is an agile, highly mobile organ.

It consists of __ muscles that curl, squeeze, and fold during chewing and speaking. It’s a big muscle

A

tongue

intrinsic

137
Q

___ muscles of the tongue, originate on other head and neck structures and insert on the tongue.

A

Extrinsic

138
Q

Manipulate food within the mouth in preparation for swallowing

A

tongue

139
Q

Muscles of the Pharynx commonly known as

A

throat

140
Q

Is a funnel-shaped tube that lies posterior to both the oral and nasal cavities.

Muscles help form or attach to this tube and aid in swallowing.

A

Muscles of the Pharynx

141
Q

Primary pharynx muscles are the

A

pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior)

142
Q

Initiate swallowing and force the bolus inferiorly into the esophagus.

Helps elevate or tense the palate when swallowing.

A

Muscles of the Pharynx

143
Q

Insertion is always going to move towards the

A

origin

144
Q

“neck flexion” and “head flexion” refer to the same movement. True or False?

A

True

145
Q

The main muscles of the anterior and lateral neck are

A

sternocleidomastoid

three scalenes.

146
Q

Posterior Neck Muscles __the head and neck

A

extend

147
Q

The __ attaches to the skull and helps extend the head/neck.

A

trapezius

148
Q

Primary function is to help move the pectoral girdle

A

Posterior Neck Muscles

149
Q

Very complex.

Have multiple origins and insertions.

Exhibit quite a bit of overlap.

Are covered by the most superficial back muscles: trapezius and latissimus dorsi

The “neck” is the cervical portion

The muscles extend the cervical portion

A

Muscles of the vertebral column

150
Q

During inhalation, several muscles contract to ___ the dimensions of the thoracic cavity as the lungs fill with air.

A

increase

151
Q

The thoracic cavity __ both to cause the lungs to fill with air and to accommodate the lungs.

A

expands

152
Q

During exhalation, some respiratory muscles contract and others relax, collectively ___ the dimensions of the thoracic cavity and forcing air out of the lungs.

A

decreasing

153
Q

Muscles of respiration Are on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the

A

thorax.

154
Q

Muscles of respiration are covered by more superficial muscles that move the __ limb.

A

upper

155
Q

Is an internally placed, dome-shaped muscle.

Forms a partition between the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

The most important muscle associated with
breathing.

The muscle fibers converge from its margins toward a fibrous central tendon.

A strong aponeurosis is the insertion tendon for all peripheral muscle fibers.

A

diaphragm muscle

156
Q

When the diaphragm contracts, the central tendon is pulled inferiorly toward the abdominal cavity, thereby __ the vertical dimensions of the thoracic cavity.

As it compresses the abdominal cavity, it also__ intra-abdominal pressure.

A

increasing

increases

157
Q

important muscle in helping return venous blood to the heart from the lower half of the body

A

diaphragm

158
Q

Four pairs of muscles collectively compress and hold the abdominal organs in place.

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

159
Q

Work together to flex and stabilize the vertebral column.

When they unilaterally contract they laterally flex the vertebral column.

A 
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall : 
external oblique
internal oblique 
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis
160
Q

Formed by three layers of muscles and associated fasciae, collectively known as the pelvic diaphragm.

A

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

161
Q

Muscles that extends from the ischium and pubis of the ossa coxae across the pelvic outlet to the sacrum and coccyx

A

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

162
Q

the pelvic floor and support the pelvic viscera

A

Muscles of the Pelvic Floor

163
Q

the pelvic cavity floor is composed of muscle layers that form the __ and __triangles, extend across the pelvic outlet, and support the organs in the pelvic cavity

A

urogenital and anal

164
Q

Within the muscles of the pelvic floor, the common wall on both female and male is __

A

superficial transverse perineal muscle

165
Q

__ is synergist for masseter

A

Temporalis

166
Q

Epicranius Aka

A

occipital frontalis

167
Q

Origin for epicranius is frontal bone inserts on __

A

epricranal aponeurosis

168
Q

Axial or appendicular control the movements of the upper and lower limbs?

A

Appendicular

169
Q

Axial or appendicular stabilize and control the movements of the pectoral and pelvic girdles?

A

appendicular

170
Q

Axial or appendicular are organized into groups based on their location in the body or the part of the skeleton they move;
Work in groups that are either synergistic or antagonistic ?

A

appendicular

171
Q

Specific groups of appendicular

A

muscles that move the pectoral girdle

muscles that move the glenohumeral joint/arm

arm and forearm muscles that move the elbow joint/forearm

forearm muscles that move the wrist joint, hand, and fingers

intrinsic muscles of the hand

172
Q

Which muscle group does the following:

Originate on the axial skeleton and insert on the clavicle and scapula.

Stabilize the scapula and move it to increase the arm’s angle of movements.

Some of the superficial muscles of the thorax are grouped together according to the scapular movement they direct.

elevation, depression, protraction, or retraction

A

Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle

173
Q

Posterior compartment of the Arm and Forearm Muscles That Move the Elbow Joint/Forearm are extensors or flexors?

A

extensors

174
Q

Anterior compartment of the Arm and Forearm Muscles That Move the Elbow Joint/Forearm
primarily contains elbow extensors or flexors?

A

flexors

175
Q

Posterior compartment of the Arm and Forearm Muscles That Move the Elbow Joint/Forearm contains elbow extensors or flexors?

A

extensors

176
Q

Principal flexors of the Arm and Forearm Muscles That Move the Elbow Joint/Forearm

A

biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis

177
Q

muscles that extend the elbow joint

A

triceps brachii and the anconeus

178
Q

Which muscles pronates the forearm and where are they located?

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

anterior compartment of the forearm

179
Q

Which muscle helps supinate the forearm?

A

Biceps brachii

180
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the wrist and hand originate on the ___

A

forearm

181
Q

The supinator muscle is in the __ compartment of the forearm.

A

posterior

182
Q

Tendons of forearm muscles typically are surrounded by __and held adjacent to the skeletal elements by strong fascial structures.

A

tendon (synovial) sheaths

183
Q

At the wrist, the deep fascia of the forearm forms thickened, fibrous bands termed

A

retinacula

184
Q

Small muscles that both originate and insert on the hand are called

A

Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand

185
Q

Where are Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand located?

A

housed entirely within the palm

186
Q

__group forms the thick, fleshy mass at the base of the thumb called

A

thenar

thenar eminence

187
Q

__ group forms a smaller fleshy mass at the base of the little finger called

A

hypothenar

hypothenar eminence

188
Q

__ group occupies the space between the first two groups

A

midpalmar

189
Q

Which group of muscles are the most powerful and largest muscles in the body.

A

Muscles That Move the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

190
Q

Several of these muscles cross and act upon two joints—the coxal joint (hip) and the knee joint which belong to which group of muscles?

A

Muscles That Move the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

191
Q

Which muscle is not always present in humans and is located in the Muscles That Move the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb ?

A

psoas minor muscle

192
Q

illiosass aka

A

psoas minor muscle

193
Q

Most muscles that act on the coxal joint/thigh originate on the

A

os coxae.

194
Q

Which group of muscles stabilize the highly movable coxal joint and support the body during standing and walking.

A

Muscles That Move the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

195
Q

Majority of the muscles that move the thigh at the coxal joint originate on the __ and insert on the __

A

pelvic girdle

femur

196
Q

Which group of muscles multiple muscles insert on the anterior thigh and flex the coxal joint.

A

Muscles of the Hip and Thigh

197
Q

the psoas major and the iliacus have different origins, but they share the common insertion at the ___of the femur. They merge and insert on the femur as the __
work synergistically to __ and laterally__the thigh

A

lesser trochanter
iliopsoas
flex
rotate

198
Q

the __ crosses over the anterior thigh and helps flex the thigh

A

sartorius

199
Q

__ muscles are located in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Five

200
Q

Which muscles flex the thigh?

A

Adductor longus
adductor brevis
gracilis
pectineus

201
Q

extends and laterally rotates the thigh.

A

Adductor magnus

202
Q

abducts and medially rotates the thigh

A

Tensor fasciae latae

203
Q

the largest and heaviest of the three gluteal muscles
one of the largest muscles in the body
is the chief extensor of the thigh
laterally rotates the thigh

A

gluteus maximus.

204
Q

Deep to the gluteus maximus is the ___
a powerful abductor of the thigh
medially rotates the thigh
intramuscular injections are often given here

A

gluteus medius.

205
Q

The smallest of the gluteal muscles is the __
lies deep to the gluteus medius
works with the gluteus medius to abduct and medially rotate the thigh

A

gluteus minimus

206
Q

Deep to the gluteal muscles are a group of muscles that collectively laterally rotate the thigh/coxal joint.

A 
piriformis
superior gemellus
obturator externus
inferior gemellus
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
207
Q

The posterior thigh contains a group of muscles that are collectively referred to as the hamstrings

A

biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

208
Q

Share a common origin on the ischial tuberosity of the os coxae.
Insert on the leg.
Move both the thigh and the knee.
Primary thigh movement is extension.

A

hamstrings:
biceps femoris
semimembranosus
semitendinosus

209
Q

forms the anterolateral surface of the thigh

A

Vastus lateralis.

210
Q

forms the anteromedial surface of the thigh

A

Vastus medialis.

211
Q

positioned deep to the rectus femoris, and sandwiched between the other two vastus muscles

A

Vastus intermedius.

212
Q

All four converge on a single quadriceps tendon, which extends to the patella and then continues inferiorly as the patellar ligament and inserts on the

A

tibial tuberosity.

213
Q

is the great extensor muscle of the leg
extends the knee
acts with the iliopsoas to flex the hip while the leg is off the ground

A

Quadriceps femoris

214
Q

projects obliquely across the anterior surface of the thigh from the lateral to the medial side.
acts on both the coxal and knee joints, flexing and laterally rotating the coxal joint while flexing and medially rotating the knee joint
the longest in the body

A

Sartorius

215
Q 
The medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh.
muscles that \_\_ the coxal joint
\_\_ the thigh
A

adduct

adduct

216
Q

flexes the knee joint/leg

A

gracilis

217
Q

The__flexor compartment of the thigh contains the three hamstring muscles

A

posterior

218
Q

is a two-headed muscle that inserts on the lateral side of the leg.

A

biceps femoris

219
Q

The long head of the biceps femoris originates on the __ with the semimembranosus and semitendinosus.

A

ischial tuberosity

220
Q

The short head of the biceps femoris originates on the __of the femur.

A

linea aspera

221
Q

The short head of the __ cannot move the hip joint, but it does help the other hamstring muscles in flexing the knee.

A

biceps femoris

222
Q

__ is deep to the semitendinosus.

A

Semimembranosus

223
Q

Semitendinosus is superficial to the semimembranosus and is attached to the __ leg.

A

medial

224
Q

Muscles that flex the knee

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
popliteus

225
Q

Muscles that move the ankle, foot, and toes are housed within the

A

leg

226
Q

Which group of musces are described below:
called the crural muscles
help flex the knee joint/leg
three compartments (anterior, lateral, and posterior) each with its own nerve and blood supply

A

Leg Muscles

227
Q

What action do the Anterior compartment leg muscles

A

dorsiflex the foot

extend the toes

228
Q

Which muscle does the following?

sends four long tendons to attach to the dorsal surface of toes 2–5

dorsiflexes the foot

extends toes 2–5

A

Extensor digitorum longus

229
Q

Which muscle does the following?
sends a tendon to the dorsum of the great toe (hallux)
dorsiflexes the foot and extends the great toe

A

Extensor hallucis longus

230
Q

Which muscle does the following?
extends from the extensor digitorum longus muscle
dorsiflexes foot
weakly everts the foot

A

Fibularis peroneus tertius

231
Q

primary dorsiflexor of the foot at the ankle
attaches to the medial plantar side of the foot
also inverts the foot
analogous to the wrist
tendons are held tightly against the ankle by multiple deep fascia thickenings (extensor retinaculum)

A

Tibialis anterior

232
Q

Which group of muscles is described below?
contains two synergistic muscles that evert and plantar flex the foot
very powerful evertors of the foot
plantar flexion is a secondary function for them

A

The lateral compartment leg muscles

233
Q

Which group of muscles is described below?
superficial lateral muscle that covers the fibula
its tendon attaches to the plantar side of the foot
the fibularis (peroneus) brevis lies deep to the fibularis longus

A

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

234
Q

The deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg contains four muscles.

A

flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
Popliteus

235
Q

attaches to the distal phalanges of toes 2–5

plantar flexes the foot

flexes the MP, PIP, and DIP joints of toes 2–5

A

flexor digitorum longus.

236
Q

originates on the fibula, and yet

its tendon travels medially and runs along the plantar side of the foot to attach to the distal phalanx of the great toe

plantar flexes the foot and flexes the great toe

A

Flexor hallucis longus.

237
Q

plantar flexes and inverts the foot

A

Tibialis posterior

238
Q

forms the floor of the popliteal fossa, and acts to flex the leg

medially rotates the tibia slightly to “unlock” the fully

extended knee joint

originates and inserts in the popliteal region

only moves the knee, not the foot

A

Popliteus

239
Q

The superficial leg muscles and most of the deep leg muscles __the foot at the ankle.

A

plantar flex

240
Q

The superficial layer of the posterior leg compartment contains three muscles.

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

241
Q

most superficial leg muscle
referred to as the “calf”
spans both the knee and the ankle joints
flexes the knee joint and plantar flexes the foot

A

Gastrocnemius

242
Q

broad, flat muscle deep to the gastrocnemius

plantar flexes the foot

A

Soleus

243
Q

small muscle that is absent in some individuals

projects obliquely between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

weak knee flexor and plantar flexor of the foot

A

Plantaris

244
Q

Originate and insert within the foot.
Support the arches and move the toes to aid locomotion.
Most are comparable to the intrinsic muscles of the hand.
Rarely perform all the precise movements their names suggest.
The dorsal group contains only two muscles.

A

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

245
Q

The dorsal group of the intrinsic muscles of the foot contains only two muscles

A

extensor hallucis brevis

extensor digitorum brevis

246
Q

extends the MP joint of the great toe

A

extensor hallucis brevis

247
Q

extends the MP and PIP joints of toes 2–4

A

extensor digitorum brevis

248
Q

Temporalis along with the masseter do which action?

A

closes the jaw

249
Q

Masseter inserts onto

A

onto the angle of the ramus of the mandible

250
Q

buccinator has origins on both the

A

mandible and maxilla

251
Q

Which muscles elevate the eye?

A

superior rectus and inferior oblique

Anatomy (59 decks)

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