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Anatomy > Joints > Flashcards

Joints Flashcards

1
Q

All joints/articulations allow movement. True or False?

A

False

Movement is not necessary, only joining

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2
Q

Bending at a joint
Joint angle is decreasing
anterior/posterior motion
forward motion; name exception

A

Flexion

exception is knee where motion is backward

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3
Q

straightening at a joint
Joint angle is increasing
anterior/posterior motion

A

extension

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4
Q

movement away from the midline of the body
to take away
medial/lateral motion
side to side motion

A

abduction

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5
Q

movement adding back in
medial motion toward the body
ie: jumping jacks

A

adduction

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6
Q

Motion that draws a circle with a body part

Multiple motions united into a single descritption

combination of flexion/extension & adduction/abduction
ie: shoulder, elbow, ilipsoidal joint, ilipsoid joint, finger, waist, neck

A

circumduction

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7
Q

sole of the feet
opposite of dorsiflexion
points your foot like a ballerina
only at the ankle

A

plantar flexion

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8
Q 
back side of the foot
angle of the dorsal side of the foot decreases
raising the foot
walk around the heels
when you're ready to take a step
opposite of plantar flexion
only at the ankle
A

dorsiflexion

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9
Q

Which is the greatest range of motion?

eversion or inversion?

A

inversion

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10
Q

sole of foot, plantar surface, faces inward (medially)

fairly easily for most people

A

inversion

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11
Q

sole of foot, plantar surface, faces outward (laterally)

A

eversion

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12
Q

bones attached to one another by dense fibrous collagenous connective tissue then the joint is called a

A

fibrous joint

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13
Q

tissue between the two bones where they meet is cartilage then the joint is called a

A

cartilaginous joint.

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14
Q

bones meet but are free to move, they are called

A

synovial joints

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15
Q

ligaments in sheets or cords

ie: leg and forearm

A

syndesmosis

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16
Q

minute sutural ligaments

ie: seems in the skull

A

suture joints

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17
Q

small bundles of fibers

ie: periodontal ligaments/ teeth in jaws

A

gomphosis

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18
Q

2 types of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis joints

symphysis joints

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19
Q

Rib cage is which type of joint and composed of ?

A

synchondrosis joint

made of hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

What kind of joint has a joint capsule with synovial fluid?

A

synovial joints

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21
Q

What are 3 examples of monoaxial joints?

A

pivot, hinge and plane joints

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22
Q

What are 2 examples of biaxial joints?

A

saddle and ellipsoid joints

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23
Q

Which is the only multiaxial joint?

A

ball and socket joint

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24
Q

Forearm and neck are examples of what kind of joint?

A

pivot joint

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25
Q

Knee, elbow, toes and fingers are examples of what kind of joint?

A

hinge joint

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26
Q

Short bones of hand and foot; hip to spine are examples of what kind of joint?

A

plane joint

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27
Q

Thumb is an example of what kind of joint?

A

saddle

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28
Q

Wrist and knuckles are examples of what kind of joint?

A

ellipsoid joint

29
Q

Hip and shoulder are examples of what kind of joint?

A

ball & socket

30
Q

Is circumduction the opposite of rotation?

A

NO

31
Q

the place of contact between bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth.

A

Articulation or joint

32
Q

2 ways to classify joints

A

Type of connective tissue that binds the articulating surfaces of the bones.

Whether a space occurs between the articulating bones.

33
Q

A __ joint occurs where bones are held together by dense regular (fibrous) connective tissue.

Most are immovable or only slightly movable.

Have no joint cavity.

A

fibrous

34
Q

A ___ joint occurs where bones are joined by cartilage.

A

cartilaginous

35
Q

Type of Joint that has the following:
has a fluid-filled synovial cavity
bones are enclosed within a capsule
bones are joined by various ligaments

A

synovial joint

36
Q

is an immovable joint.

A

Synarthrosis

37
Q

is a slightly movable joint.

A

Amphiarthrosis

38
Q

is a freely movable joint.

A

Diarthrosis

39
Q

Three types of fibrous joints

A

gomphoses
sutures
syndesmoses

40
Q

The only gomphoses in the human body are the articulations of

A

the roots of individual teeth with the sockets of the mandible and the maxillae.

41
Q

Sutures are immobile fibrous joints, __ that are found only between certain bones of the skull.

A

synarthoses

42
Q

When the bones have completely fused across the suture line, these obliterated sutures become

A

synostoses

43
Q

are fibrous joints in which articulating bones are joined by long strands of dense regular connective tissue only.

A

Syndesmoses

44
Q

The shafts of the two articulating bones are bound side by side by a broad ligamentous sheet called an ___. Provides a pivot point where the radius and ulna (or the tibia and fibula) can move against one another.
Allow for slight movement. Classified as amphiarthroses

A

interosseous membrane or interosseous ligament

45
Q 
Bones are attached to each other by cartilage. 
Lack a joint cavity. 
Two types: 
synchondroses 
symphyses

symphyses are amphiarthroses

A

Cartilaginous Joints

46
Q

An articulation in which bones are joined by hyaline cartilage is called a

A

synchondrosis.

47
Q

Functionally, all __ are immobile and thus are classified as synarthroses. The hyaline cartilage of epiphyseal plates in children forms synchondroses that bind the epiphyses and the diaphysis of long bones. When the hyaline cartilage stops growing, bone replaces the cartilage, and a synchondrosis no longer exists.
Example: Epiphyseal plates and costal cartilages.

A

synchondroses

48
Q

This joint has a pad of fibrocartilage between the articulating bones. The fibrocartilage resists compression and tension stresses and acts as a resilient shock absorber. All symphyses are amphiarthroses, meaning that they allow slight mobility.

A

Symphyses Cartilaginous Joint

49
Q

occurs when the gelatinous nucleus pulposus protrudes into or through the anulus fibrosus. This herniation produces a “bulging” of the disc posterolaterally into the vertebral canal and pinches the spinal cord and/or nerves of the spinal cord. The symptoms of a herniated disc vary, depending on the location of the herniation.

A

A herniated disc

50
Q

Cervical herniated discs can cause ___ since the nerves that supply the upper limb originate in this region of the spinal cord. Muscle weakness in the __ may also occur. The most common cervical disc ruptures are between vertebrae ___

A

neck pain and pain down the upper limb,

upper limb

C5 and C6 or C6 and C7.

51
Q

__ herniated discs frequently cause low back pain. If the disc starts to pinch nerve fibers, the patient may feel pain down the entire lower limb, a condition known as sciatica. The most common lumbar disc rupture is between vertebrae L4 and L5.

A

Lumbar

52
Q 
Freely movable articulations
Classified as diarthroses
Bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity 
Most of the commonly known joints in the body 
glenohumeral (shoulder) joint
temporomandibular joint
elbow joint
knee joint
Coxal joint-hip
A

Synovial Joints

53
Q 
Basic features of \_\_ joint: 
articular capsule
joint cavity 
synovial fluid
articular cartilage 
ligaments
nerves
blood vessels
A

synovial

54
Q

fibrous, saclike structure that contains synovial fluid and is lined by a synovial membrane

A

Bursae

55
Q

often distributed along the periphery of a synovial joint
act as packing material and provide some protection for the joint
fill the spaces that form when bones move and the joint cavity changes shape

A

Fatpads

56
Q

attaches a muscle to a bone

help stabilize joints

A

Tendons

57
Q

if the bone moves in just one plane

A

uniaxial

58
Q

if the bone moves in two planes

A

biaxial

59
Q

if the bone moves in multiple planes

A

multiaxial (or triaxial)

60
Q

From least movable to most freely movable, the six specific types of synovial joints are:

A 
planar (gliding) joints 
hinge joints 
pivot joints
condyloid (ellipsoid) joints 
saddle joints 
ball-and-socket joints
61
Q

When standing, knees are at

A

extension

62
Q

When kneeling, they are in

A

flexion

63
Q

Temporomandibular Ligament is a __ joint

A

synovial

64
Q

The unhappy triad of injuries refers to a triple ligamentous injury of the ___, and is the most common type of football injury

A

tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament

65
Q

Partial tear

A

category 1

66
Q

moderate tear

A

category 2

67
Q

complete tear

A

category 3

68
Q

A group of inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints that occur in various forms.
swelling of the joint
pain
stiffness
Most prevalent crippling disease in the United States.

A

arthritis

69
Q

3 types of arthritis

A

gouty arthritis
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis (worst)

Anatomy (59 decks)

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