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Anatomy > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle makes up an enormous amount of human body. True or false

A

True

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2
Q

Muscle cell =

A

muscle fiber

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3
Q

Muscles is structured out of muscle ___. It is mostly a _tissue

A

cells

cellular

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4
Q

Muscle is made up of many cells shaped like___that

are up to a foot long and microscropically wide

A

fibers or thread like.

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5
Q

3 types of muscle

A

skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

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6
Q

voluntary muscle
wears out
gets tired

A

skeletal muscle

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7
Q

muscle type that can work on forever

A

cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Muscle fibers develop from the fusion of many small _____during gestation period

A

myocytes

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9
Q

Provides muscles support and strength

A

connective tissue

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10
Q

cell membrane of muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

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11
Q

everything except the nucleus in a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

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12
Q

Muscles are composed of muscle ___

A

fibers

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13
Q

fuse into the muscle fibers

stem cells of muscle fiber

gather where muscle tissue develops

fuse their cell membranes into long muscle fibers

A

myocytes

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14
Q

Individual muscle fibers perform individual contractions that when grouped together produce ___

A

group contractions

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15
Q

special muscle fiber organelle to perform contractions found within sarcoplasm

contracting organelle of muscle fiber

A

myofibril

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16
Q

As much as ___% of internal structure of a skeletal muscle is myofibrils

A

80

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17
Q

The strength of a muscle depends upon
a length of myofibrils
b amount of myofibrils
c width of myofibrils

A

b amount of myofibrils

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18
Q

Muscle growth is stimulated by exercise by

a) increasing the amount of myofibrils
b) stimulating the growth of existing myofibrils
c) all of the above

A

b) stimulating the growth of existing myofibrils

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19
Q

myofibril is divided by boundries called___which is the

contracting unit of myofibril

A

sarcomere

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20
Q

boundries of sarcomeres that separate myofibrils

A

Z discs

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21
Q

Myofibril contracts because each of it’s __ contracts

A

sarcomeres

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22
Q

Myofibril contracts because each of it’s __ contracts

A

sarcomeres

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23
Q

threads responsible for muscle contractions

A

myofilaments

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24
Q

2 types of myofilaments

A

actin myofilaments/thin myofilaments

mysosin myofilaments/ thick myofilaments

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25
Q

the interaction between actin and myosin filaments produce the contrations. True or false?

A

true

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26
Q

5 structural components of a sarcomere

A 
z disc
actin myofilaments
mysosin myofilaments
Titin filament
M line
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27
Q

holds sarocomere together
links one Z disck to another Z disc
allows for stretching the muscle

A

titin filament

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28
Q

lines up sarcomeres

A

M line

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29
Q

As the Z disks are drawn toward the center of the sarcomere, the overal length of the sarcomere ___

A

shortens

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30
Q

Sarcomeres are attached by Z disks so that the overall myofibril ___

A

shortens

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31
Q

actively pulling mysosins toward the center of the sarcomere where the entire sarcomere get’s shorter

A

sliding filament theory

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32
Q

sarcomere is the contracting unit of the

A

myofibril

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33
Q

the myofibril is the contracting unit for the

A

muscle fiber

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34
Q

muscle fibers are the contracting units for the

A

muscle itself

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35
Q

Another term for skeletal muscle

A

striated muscle

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36
Q

As the ___are drawn toward the center of the sacromere, the mysosin myofilament ends draw close to the ___and overall length of the sarcomere shortens

A

Z disks

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37
Q

____overlap each other as bands disappear in muscle tissue

A

actin myofilaments

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38
Q

___ have less structure and allow more light to pass through

A

I band

39
Q

have more thicker structure and allow less light to pass

A

A band

40
Q

What structural components in I band

A

Actin myofilament

Z disc

41
Q

What structural component in the A band

A

myosin (length)
Actin myofilaments
M line
H zone

42
Q

What structural component in the H zone

A

myosin myofilament
M line
(where the actins end)

43
Q

Muscle contraction occurs between the interaction of ___ and ___

A

actin

myosin myofilaments

44
Q

____ are attached by Z disks so that the overall myofibril shortens

A

sarcomere

45
Q

Does the A band change during muscle contraction? If so, why or why not?

A

A band is the same length as myosin myofilament.

It does not change; it’s a fixed length.

46
Q

Link between the nervous system and the muscular system is

A

neuromuscular junction

47
Q

___sends muscle contraction signal to myofibrils

A

neuron

48
Q

___ ___released from the ends of the neuron stimulating the sacrolemma of the muscle fiber

A

chemical neurotransmitter

49
Q

The contracting signal passes from the structure of the muscle fiber deep within to trigger the ___ ___ interaction

A

actin myosin

50
Q

Contracting signal from the chemical neurotransmitter spreads over the ___of the muscle fiber like ripples on the pond

A

surface

51
Q

sacrolemma is formed into tubes that pass deep in the muscle fiber called

A

T tubules

transverse

52
Q

T tubules surround all ___at regularly spaced intervals along the muscle fiber

A

myofibrils

53
Q

The chemical trigger that causes actin and mysoin to begin the contraction of the sacromere is

A

calcium

54
Q

acts like the chemical trigger for muscle contraction

A

calcium

55
Q

surrounds myofibril
where calcium is stored
releases calcium for contractions
absorbs and acts like a vacuum to reabsorb calcium

A

sacroplasmic reticulum

56
Q

(mineral/element) ___initiates the movement of myosin and actin

A

calcium

57
Q

After activating the contraction between actin and mysoin, calcium is ___into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, therefore removing the calcium out of the __

A

re-absorbed

myofibrils

58
Q

Only by separating ___from the myofibrils will the myofibrils relax

A

calcium

59
Q

The following structures make___:
T Tubules
Sacroplasmic reticulum
terminal cisternae

A

conduction system structures

60
Q

main storage tanks for calcium of the sacroplasmic reticulum

A

terminal cisternae

61
Q

where the signal jumps to release the calcium

connecting point between the surface, T tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

triad

62
Q

stiffness of death illustrates action of conduction structures

A

rigor mortis

63
Q

when body dies, ___system is the 1st to go

A

nervous

64
Q

__ retains calcium even when dead

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

65
Q

when dead, calcium leaks out and causes

A

myofibrils to contract and stiffen

66
Q

when dead, only when proteins denature does the body __

A

relax

67
Q

The muscle fibers are organized into bundles within the muscle itself called

A

fascuculus

fasciculi (plural)

68
Q

callagenous fibrous connective tissue support the structure of the muscle & organizes it into bundles

A

fasciculi

69
Q

___are the organs of the muscular system

A

muscles

70
Q

connective tissue inside the fasciculus

A

endomysium

71
Q

layer of connective tissue surrounds the fasiculus and make it into a bundle

A

perimysium

72
Q

connective tissues surrounds the entire muscle

A

epimysium

73
Q

the end of the muscle that’s anchored to something

no movement occuring

A

origin

74
Q

attachment point to the bones that are moving

A

insertion

75
Q

main thick fleshy portion where

most of the muscle fibers are located

A

belly of the muscle

76
Q

chord like feature that

anchors a bone to a muscle

A

tendon

77
Q

sheet like connective tissue

sheet like tendon

A

aponeurosis

78
Q

7 characteristics of skeletal muscle nomenclature

A 
location
size of the muscle
shape
orientation of the fasciculi
origin & insertion
number of heads (origin)
function
79
Q

muscles named for it’s location

A 
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
80
Q

muscles named for size of the muscle

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus

81
Q

muscle named for the shape

A

trapezius (triangle)

rhomboideus (diamond)
rhomboideus minor
rhomboideus major

deltoid (triangle)

teres (cylinder)
teres major
teres minor

82
Q

muscle named for orientation of the fasciculi (threads of the muscle)

A

obliques (running on an angle)

rectus femoris (threads running straight through the thigh)

83
Q

muscle named for the origin & insertion

A

carpi (wrist)
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris

digitorum (fingers or toes)
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris

pollicus (thumb)
extensor pollicis longus

brachioradialis
coracobrachialis

84
Q

muscle named for number of heads (origin)

A

biceps (2 origins)

triceps (3 origins)

85
Q

muscle named for function

A 
pronator teres
supinator
flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
flexor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris
extensor digitorum
extensor digitorum minimi
extensor indicis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
86
Q

in flexing of cubital joint, name prime mover

A

biceps brachii

87
Q

in flexing cubital joint, name 2 synergists

A

brachialis (attached to the ulna)

brachioradialis (does not anchor to hand; attached to styloid process of the radius)

88
Q

in flexing cubital joint, name antagonist

A

triceps brachii

anconeus

89
Q

muscle that tightens enough and stabilzes surrounding muscles & holds on

A

fixator

90
Q

in extension of the cubital joint,

which muscle is prime mover, synergist, antagonist?

A

triceps brachii= prime mover
anconeus =synergist
biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis= antagonist

91
Q

group of muscle fibers connected to a single neuron

A

motor unit

92
Q

which bony feature is called the common extensor origin?

A

lateral epicondyle

93
Q

which bony feature is called the common flexor origin

A

medial epicondyle

94
Q

muscle fibers are:
a multi-nucleated
b have only one nucleus
c have two nuclei

A

a multi-nucleated

Anatomy (59 decks)

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