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Anatomy > Nervous system Lecture 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Nervous system Lecture 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The nervous system is divided into two structural divisions/systems which are__ and ___ which are the 2 major organs of the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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2
Q

CNS includes _ and__

A

brain

spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS includes __ and __

A

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

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4
Q

processing center for nerve impulses

computing

A

cell body of neurons

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5
Q

receiving fibers collecting impulses and messages from other neurons

Input

A

dendrites

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6
Q

sending fiber

typically one branch out of cell body but may branch
sends message to next location to muscle, neuron

Output

A

axon

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7
Q

Neuron mirrors the action of the entire nervous system and computer system works. True or false?

A

True

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8
Q

many different poles or dendrites giving it info

A

multipolar neurons

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9
Q

one input and one output neuron
straight through message without processing
senses to the brain
unipolar

A

bipolar neuron

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10
Q

nerve tissue/ support cells

A

nueroglial or glial cells

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11
Q

CNS have 4 support cells

A

astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells

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12
Q

support cells in CNS that form structure that holds thing in place and form a cellular barrier over continuous capillaries

involved in support and nutrition

formation of fluid

A

astrocytes

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13
Q

insulator support cells in CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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14
Q 
long sending fibers
function as the wiring of the nervous system
A

axons

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15
Q

defense cells
function like white blood cells
wonder and gobble up dead and dying material
fight infection

A

microglia

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16
Q

support cells in CNS that line the inner passageway
help to move fluid throughout the CNS system with cilia
fluid production and movement
help keep CSF in right direction

A

ependymal cells

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17
Q

2 types of PNS support cells/glial cells

A

satellite cells

schwann cells

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18
Q

cover and protect cells bodies outside the CNS

provide separate

A

satellite cells

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19
Q

coat axon and provide insulation to pack together to form a nerve not allowing affect of other axons

A

schwann cells

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20
Q

blend of neurons and glial cells

A

nerve tissue

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21
Q

___ is like the governing bodies of a country

A

nervous system

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22
Q

___are like the government officials, senators, governors, congressmen that make decisions

A

neurons

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23
Q

__are like the senator’s aides

A

glial cells

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24
Q

Physical isolation of the CNS. Chemical special blood brain barrier provided by continuous ___ and ___

A

capillaries and astrocytes (glial cells)

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25
Q

physical barrier of the CNS against damage & infection

cover and isolate the CNS from the rest of the body

covering it with cerebrospinal fluid

separates it to maintain its unique chemical environment.

A

meninges

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26
Q

what is produced by capillaries and astrocytes which is the chemical blood brain barrier

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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27
Q

3 spinal and cranial meninges

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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28
Q 
outer most layer 
sturdy, strong, tough 
made out dense fibrous irregular collagen fiber 
"tough mother" 
protects 
just inside the bones 
composed of dense fibrous connective
tissue
attached to the inside of the
skull.
A

dura mater

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29
Q 
between the dura mater and pia mater
weblike layer that leaves a gap
"spider mother"
solid membrane attached to the dura mater and a porous, web-like layer between it
and the pia mater which holds the CSF
A

arachnoid mater

30
Q

intimate layer
lingerie of the nervous system/leotard
covers every possible surface and every groove
underwear of the CNS
direct contact with the nerve tissue
anchor for the
membrane lying between the pia mater and the dura mater.

A

pia mater

31
Q

infection/inflammation of the meninges

A

cerebral meningitis

32
Q

contains cerebrospinal fluid is located

A

subarachnoid space

33
Q

superficial to the dura mater

between the bone and the meninges

A

epideral space

34
Q

When combine periosteal and meningeal layer it results in

A

both layes of the klll

35
Q

The dura mater is 2 layers of the cranium

A

Periosteal layer

meningeal layer

36
Q

4 hollow spaces in the brain

A

ventricles

37
Q

Big contoured cap like part of the brain

A

cerebrum

38
Q

___connects to the spinal cord

A

brain stem

39
Q

2 lateral ventricles are located in the

shaped like a mitten

A

cerebrum

40
Q

located inferior to lateral ventricle and central

produces CSF

A

3rd ventricle

41
Q

triangular space in brain

produces CSF

A

4th venricle

42
Q

tissues that produce CSF

cardiovascular structure that contains continuous capillaries and ependymal
cells

produced partly through the aid of blood pressure that is continually forcing fluid from the plasma into the cells

A

choroid plexus

43
Q

CSF pathway in the brain starting with lateral ventricles

A 
lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
aqueduct
4th ventricle
4 exits: spinal cord, 2 lateral apertures, median apertures/ dural sinuses
44
Q

where the fluid collects

A

arachnoid granulation

45
Q

expanded head caused by CSF build up
arachnoid granulations are not formed right
swells tissues

A

hydrocephalus

46
Q

Cell bodies and dendrites are found in ___matter

A

grey

47
Q

Axons are found in __matter

A

white

48
Q

In the CNS, myelin sheath is called

A

ogliodendrocytes

49
Q

In the PNS, myelin sheath is called

A

schwann cells

50
Q

Processing center in the CNS is

A

cortex and nuclei

51
Q

Processing center in the PNS is

A

horns

52
Q

__matter is the processing center

A

grey

53
Q

__matter is the transfer center

A

white

54
Q

Grey and white matter are distributed differently in the CNS, in the spinal cord the white matter is on the __and in the brain the ___ mater is in the __

A

peripheral

grey

55
Q

Body impulses are 1st processed in the __

A

spinal cord

56
Q

A ganglion is __matter in the ___

A

grey

PNS

57
Q

Sensory neurons enter __root

A

dorsal

58
Q

Motor neurons exit through the __root

A

ventral

59
Q

interneurons are part of the __matter which provide connections within the grey matter

A

grey

60
Q

Transferring white matter in the CNS is

A

tracts

61
Q

Transferring white matter in the PNS is

A

nerves

62
Q

__tracts that connect right and left hemispheres

A

commissural

63
Q

3 types of tracts in the CNS

A

commissural tract
Association tract
Projection tract

64
Q

Nerve impulses are routed into and out of the spinal cord through ___ and rootlets

A

roots

65
Q

Interneurons are part of the __function of the nervous system

A

processing

66
Q

Tracts of white matter in the CNS connect ___matter processing centers

A

grey

67
Q

fluid found inside and outside the bain

A

CSF

68
Q

CSF circulates outside the brain in __. Circulates through andbetween the web-like fibers of the arachnoid mater. Within the __are
also located the blood vessels that provide nourishment for the brain. The capillaries in
this space transfer their oxygen and nutrients directly to the fluid that bathes the nerve cells.

A

subarachnoid space

69
Q

dura mater that is folded down between the two

cerebral hemispheres in

A

falx cerebri

70
Q

CSF flow

A 
lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle
subarachnoid space via later & medial foramen
central canal through spinal cord
71
Q

Fluid can leak from the subarachnoid space where it circulates into the dural sinuses
through __-

A

arachnoid granulations.

Anatomy (59 decks)

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