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Anatomy > Spinal cord and spinal nerves lecture > Flashcards

Spinal cord and spinal nerves lecture Flashcards

1
Q

spinal cord occupies the ___

A

vertebral canal

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2
Q

ropelike nerve structure that is located in the hollow tube-like space created by the vertebrae

A

spinal cord

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3
Q

In anatomical positions, their vertebral foramina all line up to form that hollow space called

A

vertebral canal

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4
Q

The ___ is joined directly to the brain and is the main link from the brain to human body structures.

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

Although the vertebral canal runs from cervical vertebrae completely through the sacrum, the spinal cord does not extend to the sacrum in an adult. It ends at the __-

A

L1 vertebra

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6
Q

Why is the spinal cord shorter than the vertebral canal in an adult?

A

The spinal cord in an infant does extend all the way to the sacrum. filling thevertebral canal. The central nervous system of a child develops much larger than the rest of the body in the womb. After birth as the child grows, the vertebral structures and the rest of the body outgrow the nerve structures. As the vertebral canal grows longer than the spinal cord, the cord appears to shrink (it obviously doesn’t).

The spinal nerves continue to lengthen in proportion to the growth of the body, but the spinal cord grows much more slowly. This leaves the spinal cord only filling part of the vertebral canal.

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7
Q

The __part of the vertebral canal is filled with the spinal nerves from the inferior part of the spinal cord that extend down through the lumbar and sacral areas and connected to their respective foramina

A

lower

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8
Q

The ___ and __ parts of the vertebral canal contain not the solid form of the spinal cord, but long strandlike nerves extending inferiorly to their respective exits

A

lumbar

sacral

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9
Q

Nerves inferior to the spinal cord are called the ___aka horse’s tail. The long strand-like nature of this structure appears like a horse’s tail with its long hairs.

A

Cauda equina

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10
Q

There ___ cauda equina in the infant
A. is
B isn’t

A

B isn’t

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11
Q

In an infant each spinal nerve runs directly from the spinal cord out the nearby foramen. In the infant, each spinal nerve is lined up with its ___

A

foramen.

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12
Q

The tip-like end of the spinal cord is called the __which is anchored to the sacrum by way of a thin band of connective tissue called the ___

A

Conus medullaris.

Filum terminale.

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13
Q

The filum terminale is connective tissues formed by the __and __. As the bones and structure of the vertebra outgrow the spinal cord, these layers of the meninges grow to form this filum.

A

arachnoid and pia maters

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14
Q

Anterior division of the spinal cord is called the

A

Anterior Median Fissure

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15
Q

The posterior division of the spinal cord is called the

A

Posterior Median Sulcus.

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16
Q

Most of the CNS is deeply divided into ___

A

two halves

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17
Q

Fluid produced in the ventricles flows down the ___of the spinal cord to the conus medularis where it exits to bathe the outer surfaces of the spinal cord.

A

central canal

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18
Q

Spinal nerves are formed by small __ extending laterally out of the spinal cord.

A

rootlets

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19
Q

How many sets of rootlets and where are they located?

A

two sets of rootlets – a posterior set on each side and an anterior set on each side.

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20
Q

Rootlets, a few at a time, gather together to form a

A

root

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21
Q

The anterior rootlets are divided up into groups that form __and ___ do likewise to form dorsal roots.

A

ventral roots and the posterior rootlets

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22
Q

The ventral and dorsal root on each side then unite to form a ___

A

spinal nerve.

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23
Q

All the __ nerves are formed from roots and rootlets.

A

spinal

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24
Q

Structure of roots and rootlets is within the ___structure.

A

vertebral

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25
Q

The spinal nerve exits from the vertebral canal through the ___ foramen.

A

intervertebral

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26
Q

Once the spinal cord exists the intervertebral foramen, nerve divides into two or three branches. The two main divisions are the __ and the __ and these are present in all spinal nerves.

A

dorsal ramus

ventral ramus

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27
Q

The ___ arches into the vertebral muscles of the back.

A

dorsal ramus

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28
Q

There are so many individual muscles and large erector spinae muscles in the back that there aren’t individual nerves associated with each muscle. True or False?

A

True

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29
Q

The dorsal rami of all __ pairs of spinal nerves are connected to over 200 vertebral muscles clustered around the vertebral column.

A

31

30
Q

The ventral ramus of the spinal nerve forms the nerve strand to the ___ structures of the body.

A

anterior

31
Q

spinal nerves form plexi, the __ is the part of the spinal nerve that forms the plexi.

A

ventral ramus

32
Q

In the thoracic area, the ventral ramus forms the nerve that encircles the torso wall and that we know as the ___

A

Posterior intercostal nerve

33
Q

Besides the dorsal and ventral rami, there is third branch from the spinal nerve that forms only in the thoracic area (actually T1-L2). It is known as the ___

A

communicating ramus.

34
Q

__ ramus connects the brain to other important parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

communicating ramus

35
Q

__ pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

36
Q

4 plexi of nerves:

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

37
Q

The remaining spinal nerves, other than the ones forming the plexi, are found in the __ and are simply known as the thoracic spinal nerves. The thoracic nerves differ from the spinal nerves in the other areas because they do not form __

A

thoracic area

plexi

38
Q

Each nerve that comes from the spinal cord in the ___ are travels alone and follows a rib around the thoracic cavity.

A

thoracic area

39
Q

Spinal cord nerves from the thoracic area are connected to a horizontal strip of skin, a rib, and the intercostals muscles of that area. True or false?

A

True

40
Q

There is a thoracic nerve for each

A

rib.

41
Q

Although the thoracic spinal nerves have several branches, it does not weave together with other thoracic nerves. True or false?

A

True

42
Q

The wide areas of the spinal cord are called the ___and ___ which are the locations of the spinal nerves that form plexi.

A

cervical enlargement

lumbosacral enlargement

43
Q

The enlargements of the spinal cord are due to the myriad of connections necessary for the nerve structures that form each spinal __

A

plexus

44
Q

Each spinal plexus creates many important nerves that connect into large geographic areas of body. True or False?

A

True

45
Q

Spinal plexi give rise to many nerves to the upper and lower limb compared to the thoracic region where each nerve has only a limited group of tissues to innervate.. True or False?

A

True

46
Q

Each spinal nerve carries both sensory and motor signals.

True or False?

A

True

47
Q

Neurons via the axon transmits a nerve impulse in only one direction. True or False?

A

True

48
Q

There are axons in each nerve that carry sensory signals from sensory cells of tissues like the skin toward the CNS. True or False?

A

True

49
Q

There are axons dedicated to carrying stimuli from the brain to the skeletal muscles. True or False?

A

True

50
Q

No axon would transmit an impulse in two different directions. True or False

A

True

51
Q

Similar axons that travel to or from various structures of the body are bundled together. True or False?

A

True

52
Q

Axons bundle together like the muscle fibers of a muscle. True or False?

A

True

53
Q

A bundle of axons is called a ___

A

fasciculus

54
Q

The connective tissues within the fasciculus are called the ___

A

endoneurium

55
Q

Surrounding the fasciculus is the __

A

perineurium

56
Q

Structure around the whole nerve is connective tissue called the ___

A

epineurium.

57
Q

___nerve is the nerve that is attached to the diaphragm. It is formed by __, __ & ___

A

Phrenic

C3, C4, and C5.

58
Q

Nerves that carry contracting signals to the diaphragm are formed from branches cervical spinal nerves very high in the ___

A

neck

59
Q

cervical spinal nerves very high in the neck attachment prevents most spinal cord injuries from damaging a person’s ability to __

A

breathe

60
Q

The spinal cord must be injured above __ in order to prevent abdominal breathing.

A

C3

61
Q

Thoracic breathing is damaged by injuries in the thoracic area because of a loss of use to the __ muscles. Abdominal breathing is preserved because of the connection of the phrenic nerve in the ___

A

intercostals

cervical plexus.

62
Q

A spine injury above C3 is known as a ___ . The rope would damage the vertebra and spinal cord near the base of the skull. The shock would cause the person to pass out, but breathing would be impossible because of damage to the spinal cord above C3. The unconscious body does not even struggle to breathe, because the brain is no longer connected to the __.

A

hangman’s fracture

diaphragm

63
Q

___ are geographic regions of skin whose sensations connect through a single spinal nerve.

A

Dermatomes

64
Q

L1 to S5

A

lumbosacral plexus

65
Q

C1 to C5

A

Cervical plexus

66
Q

C5 to T1

A

Brachial plexus

67
Q

L1 to L4

A

Lumbar Plexus

68
Q

L5 to S4

A

Sacral Plexus

69
Q

T2 to T12

A

Thoracic nerves

70
Q

System that regulates digestion and breathing

A

autonomic nervous system

71
Q

Spinal nerves are two way cables. True or False?

A

true

Anatomy (59 decks)

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