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Anatomy > Fetal circulation > Flashcards

Fetal circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal circulation in an unborn child is different. True or false?

A

true

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2
Q

gestation period

A

40 weeks

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3
Q

1st twelve weeks of pregnancy baby is called__

development: all body parts in place

A

embryo

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4
Q

after 28 weeks baby is called__

maturation: growth of organs

A

fetus

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5
Q

In the embryo, the cardiovascular system develops by

A

4th week

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6
Q

transportation is active early in life in an embryo. true or false?

A

true

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7
Q

entrances and exits from the body are the major difference in the developing child. true or false?

A

true

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8
Q

Air, food, and waste elimination are not available through developing maintenance systems of a fetus. True or false?

A

true

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9
Q

Respiratory, digestive and urinary systems in a fetus become more active as birth nears. true or false?

A

true

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10
Q

Umbilical cord connected to the placenta are all the entrances and exits for the unborn child. true or false?

A

true

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11
Q

temporary organ during gestation
union of unborn baby and mother
functions as respiratory, digestive and urinary system for the unborn child

A

placenta and umbilical cord

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12
Q

Rejection is suppressed while mother is pregnant. True or false

A

true

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13
Q

where does mother’s blood and baby’s blood mix?

A

placenta

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14
Q

baby’s blood and mother’s blood do not mix. true or false?

A

true

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15
Q

Blood from the placenta is clean, oxygenated and full of nutrients. true or false?

A

true

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16
Q

5 structures in fetal circulation

A

umbilical cord
placenta
2 umbilical arteries
1 umbilical vein

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17
Q

Goal of fetal circulation

A

Route oxygenated blood from the placenta through the systemic veins to the body tissues, especially the brain, while minimizing dilution of oxygen.

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18
Q

1st problem of fetal circulation

A

Rich blood must not pass through the capillaries of the liver from the placenta. Need the majority for the brain of the fetus. Avoid capillaries with a bypass/detour

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19
Q

Fetal circulation pathway

A 
placenta 
umbilical vein
liver
hepatic portal vein
ductus venosus
inferior vena cava 
heart
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20
Q

1st Bypass.
Allows blood to bypass the capillaries of the liver and enter the venous system.
Umbilical vein to Inferior Vena Cava

A

ductus venosus

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21
Q

2nd problem of fetal circulation

A

Rich blood must mix with poor blood.
Can’t be avoided; only minimized.
blood returning from the smaller part of the body

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22
Q

In fetal circulation, from the inferior vena cava the blood is on its way to the ___

A

heart

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23
Q

Route from the Inferior Vena Cava leads to the heart. Oxygentated blood mixes with ___ blood. No capillaries means no ___of oxygen/nutrients, just dilution. Minor dilution from the inferior vena cava from the smaller part of the body which means mostly rich blood flowing to the __

A

deoxygenated
deliveries
heart

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24
Q

Only in ___ that exchange of nutrients from the blood occur

A

capillaries

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25
Q

In the fetus, the ___system is like the pulmonary circuit .

A

venous

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26
Q

3rd problem with fetal circulation

A

umbilical blood in the Inferior Vena Cava is flowing toward the right atrium. Blood in the superior vena cava is also entering the right atrium. The mixing of the 2 large quantities of blood will reduce the qualify of the umbilical blood

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27
Q

2nd fetal problem: the heart

A

Blood from the Inferior Vena Cava and the Superior Vena Cava mix in the right atrium. Potentially an enormous dilution. Superior Vena Cava blood is largest

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28
Q

In fetal circulation, the ___blood holds greatest dilution danger

A

Superior Vena Cava

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29
Q

In fetal circulation, the ___avoid right atrium dilution from blood pouring into the right atrium from the Inferior and Superior Vena Cava

A

foramen ovale

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30
Q

In fetal circulation, blood from the Inferior Vena cava is routed from the right atrium to the ___with the assistance of the foramen ovale

A

left atrium

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31
Q

In fetal circulation, ___blood is routed to the left atrium with little dilution.

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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32
Q

In fetal circulation, the ___blood moves through the right atrium and gains some oxygen from Inferior Vena Cava blood

A

Superior Vena Cava

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33
Q

In fetal circulation, blood from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava do not cross. True or False?

A

True

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34
Q

Foramen ovale is located in the __

A

interatrial septum

35
Q

in the center
inferior vena cava is next to it
inferior vena cava blood moves through __

A

foramen ovale

36
Q 
not a single wall
where the the foramen ovale is located
develops into pices
grows from the bottom and the top
hole in between the top and bottom
the more it grows the more it looks like a tube
A

interarial septum

37
Q

Super vena cava blood in fetal circulation moves to the ___ventricle

A

right

38
Q

In fetal circulation, the Superior Vena Cava blood picks up some oxygen from the ____, otherwise lungs would receive deoxygenated blood.

A

Inferior Vena Cava

39
Q

Blood flow to the brain

A 
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aortic arch
Aoritic branches
Brain
40
Q

___blood detours to the left side of the heart through the foramen ovale

A

Inferior Vena Cava

41
Q

Inferior Vena cava blood travels the aortic arch to the __

A

brain

42
Q

Superior Vena cava blood travels the right side to reach the lungs carrying some oxygen it received from the ___

A

Inferior Vena Cava

43
Q

The “rich” Inferior vena cava blood bypassed the right __to the left atrium

A

atrium

44
Q

__side of the heart sends blood to the brain

A

left

45
Q

Superior vena cava blood poses a 2nd threat to ___blood

A

umbilical

46
Q

In fetal circulation, Superior Vena Cava blood from the right __ to the ___trunk to the ___where they __oxygen which is different (post birth). From the lungs blood flows to ___ with ___blood (different post birth), returns to the left __

A 
ventricle
pulmonary 
lungs
deliver
pulmonary veins
de-oxygenated 
atrium
47
Q

In fetal circulation, Superior Vena Cava blood from the right __ to the ___trunk to the ___where they __oxygen which is different (post birth). From the lungs blood flows to ___ with ___blood (different post birth), returns to the left __

A 
ventricle
pulmonary 
lungs
deliver
pulmonary veins
de-oxygenated 
atrium
48
Q

The superior vena cava blood ___in the lungs and enters the left atrium

A

deoxygenated

49
Q

In fetal circulation, blood from the lungs is oxygen ___

A

poor

50
Q

3rd re-route

function?

A

Ductus Arteriosus

Blood from the pulmonary trunk escapes into the aorta

51
Q

With Ductus Arteriosus only some pulmonary trunk blood passes through the ___. Only a small amount enters the __atrium -small dilution and accounts for slow growth of lungs.

A

lungs

left

52
Q

Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava blood meet in the ___as it begins to descend in the thoracic cavity.

A

aorta

53
Q

Aortic arch and pulmonary trunk are pumping into the descending __

A

aorta

54
Q

Both left and right ventricles pump blood into the ___

A

aorta

55
Q

___aids the right side of the heart to pump into the aorta and some into the lungs.

A

Ductus Arteriosus

56
Q

Where does the Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava finally meet? Resulting with?

A

After the branches to the brain.

The brain and the head receive MORE oxygen than the rest of the body.

The Aorta below the arch is carrying poor blood but not deoxygenated blood.

57
Q

Blood in the aorta is pumped to the ___arteries and out to the placenta.

A

umbilical

58
Q

If not for the fetal bypass structures of the heart and is vessels, all oxygenation of blood from the __atrium on should look like low oxygenation of the descending aorta.

A

right

59
Q

The aortic arch has better oxygenation because of the __ and __

A

foramen ovale

ductus arteriosus

60
Q

5 structures that reroute the blood temporarily during gestation

A 
umbilical artery
umbilical vein
ductus venosus
foramen ovale 
ductus arteriosus
61
Q

What is the purpose of the rerouting the blood during gestation?

A

To get the best oxygenated blood to the brain

62
Q

During gestation, most blood is never fully oxygenated. True or False

A

True

63
Q

During gestation, how does the fetus make up for poor oxygenated blood

A

heart rate is double the postnatal rate

64
Q

Fetus heart rate

A

125-140 beats per minute

65
Q

Increased heart rate in fetus delivers more __per minute. This makes up for lower oxygenation of the blood.

A

oxygen

66
Q

Changes at birth

A

Circulatory change at birth

It’s 1st breathe

67
Q

Umbilical arteries and umbilical veins will be clamped and cut and will provide little usefulness. True or False?

A

True

68
Q

Umbilical arteries and umbilical veins don’t disappear after birth but serve as dense connective tissue made from tunica ___to hold things in place.

A

externa

69
Q

limited use after birth

to the urinary bladder

A

umbilical arteries

70
Q

no use other than holds up the liver from the connective tissue

A

umbilical vein

71
Q

What creates a pressure differential to keep the foramen ovale open?

A

Both the aorta and pulmonary trunk are pumping into the aorta. Due to little circulation in the lungs, Less blood in the left atrium than there is on the right atrium.

72
Q

Same hormones that cause contractions in the mother cause ___to close in the fetal heart and changes pressure dynamics.

A

ductus arteriosus

73
Q

On the newborn’s 1st breath, the ___closes and the blood goes to the pulmonary trunk and into the lungs

A

ductus arteriosus

74
Q

After birth the ___will close and seal most of the time.

A

foramen ovale

75
Q

Patent foramen ovale or open foramen ovale

A

In adults where the foramen ovale doesn’t close.

76
Q

APGAR score

A

evaluates breathing and skin color in newborns

77
Q

Ductus venosus may time more time to close after birth but is not critical since it doesn’t pose oxygenation threat. True or False?

A

True

78
Q

If blood is bypassing the liver, the ductus venosus has not closed and causes___

A

jaundice

79
Q

After birth, ductus arteriosus become

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

80
Q

After birth, foramen ovale become

A

fossa ovalis

81
Q

After birth ductus venosus become

A

Ligamentum venosum

82
Q

After birth umbilical vein become

A

Ligamentum teres

83
Q

After birth umbilical arteries become

A

LATERAL umbilical ligaments

Anatomy (59 decks)

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