Test 4 Articles

Question 1

Thyroid storm:

• Define:
• Symptoms:

Answer 1

• Define:
  A condition, usually seen in those with hyperthyroid syndrome. Usually triggered by some stressor. There is, surprisingly, often not elevated levels of thyroid hormone above what would normally be seen in hyperthyroidism.
• Symptoms:
  High metabolism: burn body mass, shaking, fever, elevated heart rate

Question 2

Treatment for thyroid storm:

Answer 2

Target all individual organs effected:
- beta blockers to slow heart
- thionamides to block hormone synthesis from thyroid gland
- Steroids to block conversion of T4 -> T3
REMOVE THE THYROID GLAND!

Question 3

After removal of thyroid gland in treatment of thyroid storm, how do you give the body necessary thyroid hormone?

Answer 3

A once a day pill containing T4 or T3

Question 4

A woman came in with milky urine, what was found growing in it?
What was used to treat this?
What metabolite was found in the urine?

Answer 4

E. Coli
Sulfa drug
Lipids (which is highly abnormal)

Question 5

Lipids in the urine indicated what?

Answer 5

Presence of lymphatic fluid in the urine

Question 6

Chyluria:

- Define:

Answer 6

Milky urine laced with lipid rich lymphatic fluid. Represents a fistula between lymphatic vessels and the kidney

Question 7

Fistula:

Answer 7

Abnormal connection between to hollow spaces

Question 8

Name three other possible causes of chyluria:

Answer 8

Kidney cancer
Tuberculosis
Toxic insult

Question 9

What is the name of the parasite which most often causes chyluria?

Answer 9

wuchereria bancrofti

Question 10

How does wuchereria bancrofti cause chyluria?

What other condition can it cause related to the lymphatic system?

Answer 10

It blocks lymphatic vessels

Elephantiasis

Question 11

Angina:

Answer 11

Severe pain in chest caused by inadequate oxygen to heart.

Often expressed by levine’s sign.

Question 12

levine’s sign:

Answer 12

clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain.

Question 13

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):

- Risk factors:

Answer 13

Abnormal hardening of the arteries leading to heart, ischemia results.
- Risk factors:
Diabetes, inherited metabolic disorders, kidney failure or hypertension.

Question 14

What can mimic the pain of a heart attack?

Answer 14

Esophageal spasm or acid reflux

Question 15

Coronary angiogram:

Answer 15

Capillary tube inserted near heart, dye released, x-ray to confirm blood flow.

Question 16

Sudden severe spasm of the coronary artery, causes obstruction of blood flow.
- Cause:
Related to capillary cell or nerve dysfunction
Often unprovoked
Smoking
Hyperventilation

Answer 16

Prinzmetal’s angina:

• Define
• Cause:

Question 17

Prinzmetal’s angina:

- Treatment:

Answer 17

• Treatment:
  Ca2+ blockers
  Lifestyle (weight loss, quite smoking)

Question 18

ABC for cardiac arrest:

Answer 18

Airway
Breathing
Compressions

Question 19

Telephone booth syncope:

• Define:
• Cause in article:

Answer 19

• Define:
  Low blood pressure, patient passes out, kept a position, like an airplane seat, where they cannot lay flat to restore blood flow to brain. Cardiac arrest.
• Cause in article:
  Blood pressure medications to lower BP, caused low blood pressure initially

Question 20

Preclampsia:

• Symptoms:
• Cause:
• Bright side/down side:

Answer 20

- Symptoms:
Hypertension
Protein in urine
- Cause:
Elevated levels of fetal cells in mother's circulation. Exposure to fetal cells and DNA.
- Bright side/down side:
Decreased chance of breast cancer
Increased chance of cardiovascular disease later in life

Question 21

What can chest pain often masquerade as?

Answer 21

Abdominal pain.

Question 22

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy:

• Also known as:
• Define:
• Cause:

Answer 22

• Also known as:
  Broken heart syndrome
• Define:
  Left ventricle expands into a type of balloon (looks like octopus trap)
• Cause:
  Stress -> high adrenaline -> disrupted function of heart cells -> ballooning of left ventricle

Question 23

Hypertension redefined from:

Answer 23

> 140 systolic -> >130 systolic

>90 diastolic -> >80 diastolic

Question 24

Prehypertension redefined from:

Answer 24

120 - 139 to 120 - 129 systolic

<80 diastolic

Question 25

What organization changed hypertension suggestions?

Why?

Answer 25

American Heart Association

People with 130 - 139 systolic were twice as likely to get heart attack or stroke then normal individuals

Question 26

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy:

- Prognosis:

Answer 26

• Prognosis:

Similar to that of heart attack. Longterm health problems, tire more easily, scar tissue in heart