Chapter 13: Blood System: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
albumin
A
Protein found in blood
2
Q
anisocytosis
A
Inequality in the size of red blood cells
3
Q
antibody
A
Protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood
4
Q
anticoagulant
A
Substance that prevents blood clotting
5
Q
antigen
A
Foreign agent that stimulates the production of an antibody
6
Q
basophil
A
White blood cell (leukocyte) containing dark granules that stain with a basic dye
7
Q
bilirubin
A
Orange-yellow pigment found in bile
8
Q
coagulation
A
Process of blood clotting
9
Q
coagulopathy
A
Disease of blood clotting
10
Q
colony-stimulating factor
A
Protein that stimulates the growth and proliferation of white blood cells (granulocytes)
11
Q
cytology
A
Study of cells
12
Q
differentiation
A
Specialization of cells from immature to mature forms
13
Q
electrophoresis
A
Technique used to separate serum proteins by electrical charge
14
Q
eosinophil
A
White blood cell whose granules stain intensely with an acidic eosin (reddish) dye
15
Q
eosinophilia
A
Increase in numbers of eosinophils in the bloodstream
16
Q
erythroblast
A
Immature, developing red blood cell
17
Q
erythrocytopenia
A
Deficiency of red blood cells
18
Q
erythropoiesis
A
Formation of red blood cells
19
Q
erythropoietin
A
Substance (hormone) produced by the kidney to stimulate bone marrow to produce erythrocytes
20
Q
fibrin
A
Protein threads that form the basis of a blood clot
21
Q
fibrinogen
A
Plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process
22
Q
globulins
A
Major blood proteins; immunoglobins, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins are examples
23
Q
granulocyte
A
White blood cell with numerous dark-staining granules.
Three types:
- basophil
- eosinophil
- neutrophil
24
Q
granulocytopenia
A
Deficiency of granulocytes
25
hemaptopoiesis
Formation of blood cells
26
hemoglobin
Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
27
hemoglobinopathy
Disease or defect of hemoglobin production
28
hemolysis
Destruction or breakdown of blood; specifically red blood cells
29
hemostasis
Stoppage of bleeding or circulation of blood
30
heparin
Anticoagulant found in blood and tissues
31
hypochromic
Pertaining to deficiency in colour; decrease in hemoglobin in red blood cells
32
immune response
Response of the immune system to foreign invasion
33
immunoglobulin
Antibody-containing protein in the blood
34
leukapheresis
Mechanical separation of white blood cells from the rest of the blood
35
leukocyte
White blood cell
36
leukocytopenia
Deficiency of white blood cells
37
lymphocyte
White blood cell with a single nucleus (mononuclear); capable of producing antibodies
38
macrocytosis
Presence of large red blood cells in the blood
39
macrophage
Large phagocytic cell migrating from the blood into tissues
40
megakaryocyte
Large, giant cell with a big nucleus; platelet precursor found in the bone marrow
41
microcytosis
Increased numbers of smaller than normal red blood cells
42
monoblase
Immature monocyte
43
monocyte
White blood cell (agranulocyte) with one large nucleus; enter tissues as microphages
44
mononuclear
Pertaining to a white blood cell with a single, round nucleus; monocyte or lymphocyte
45
morphology
Study of the shape and form of cells, particularly red blood cells
46
myeloblast
Immature granulocytic white blood cell; a cell normally only found in the bone marrow
47
myeloid
Derived from bone marrow
48
myelogenous
Pertaining to cells produced in the bone marrow
49
myelopoiesis
Formulation and development of bone marrow or cells that originate from it
50
neutropenia
Deficiency of neutrophils
51
neutrophil
White blood cell with dark granules that stain with a neutral dye; phagocyte formed in the bone marrow and that bone marrow's first line of defense against disease
52
neutrophilia
Increased numbers of neutrophils
53
pancytopenia
Deficiency of all (blood) cells
54
phagocyte
Cell that engulfs another cell or foreign organism and destroys it
55
plasma
Liquid portion of blood containing proteins, water, salts, nutrients, hormones, and vitamins
56
plasmapheresis
Removal of plasma from withdrawn blood by centrifuge
57
platelet
Clotting cell or thrombocyte
58
plateletpheresis
Separation of platelets from the rest of the blood
59
poikilocytosis
Variation in the shape of red blood cells
60
polymorphonuclear
Pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus in granulocytic white blood cells
61
prothrombin
Plasma protein converted to thrombin in the clotting process
62
reticulocyte
Immature erythrocyte with a network of strands (reticulum)
63
Rh factor
Antigen (protein) on reg blood cells of Rh positive individuals
64
serum
Plasma minus clotting proteins (prothrombin and fibrinogen) and clotting cells
65
sideropenia
Deficiency or iron in the blood
66
spherocytosis
Increase in numbers of sphere-shaped red blood cells, as in a type of anemia (hemolytic anemia)
67
stem cell
Unspecialized cell that gives rise to all forms of specialized cells in the body. Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the bone marrow and lead to the development of all types of blood cells
68
thrombin
Enzyme necessary for blood clotting (converts fibrinogen to fibrin in the clotting process)
69
thrombocyte
Platelet; clotting cell
70
thrombocytopenia
Deficiency of clotting cells
71
thrombolytic therapy
Treatment with drugs to break down clots that may abnormally form in blood vessels
72
thrombosis
Condition of clot formation
73
acute lymphocytic leukemia
Malignant, immature lymphocytes multiply in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system
74
acute myelogenous leukemia
Malignant, immature granulocytes called myeloblasts multiply in the bone marrow and bloodstream
75
antiglobulin test
Test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes; Coombs test
76
apheresis
Withdrawal and separation of blood elements
77
aplastic anemia
Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia (absence of formation) of bone marrow cells
78
autologous transfusion
Removal and then reinfusion of a patient's own blood or blood components
79
bleeding time
Time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound
80
blood transfusion
Blood cells or whole blood from a closely matched donor are infused into a patient
81
bone marrow biopsy
Needle aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow followed by examination under a microscope
82
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Malignant, but relatively mature lymphocytes, multiply in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen
83
chronic myelogenous leukemia
Malignant, but relatively mature granulocytic leukocytes multiply in the bloodstream
84
coagulation time
Time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube
85
complete blood count
Determination of the number of red and white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC) in a sample of blood
86
dyscrasia
Blood disease
87
ecchymoses
Large blue or purplish patches on the skin (bruises)
88
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Measurement of the speed at which erythrocytes settle or fall to the bottom of a test tube
89
granulocytosis
Increased numbers of granulocytes in the blood
90
hematocrit
Percentage of red blood cells in a given volume of blood
91
hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Peripheral (found in the body) stem cells from a compatible donor are administered into the vein of a recipient
92
hemochromatosis
Excessive deposits of iron throughout the body
93
hemoglobin test
Total amount of hemoglobin in a sample of blood
94
hemolytic anemia
Reduction in erythrocytes due to excessive destruction of red blood cells
95
hemophilia
Hereditary disease of blood clotting failure with abnormal bleeding. Affected individuals are lacking a blood clotting factor (factor VIII or fact IX)
96
intrinsic factor
Substance normally found in gastric (stomach) juice that helps absorption of vitamin B12 into the bloodstream
97
mononucleosis
Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes
98
multiple myeloma
Malignant tumor of bone marrow; overproduction of immunoglobulins and destruction of bone disease
99
palliative
Relieving, but not curing illness
100
partial thromboplastin time
Measurement of presence of plasma factors that act in a portion of the coagulation pathway
101
pernicious anemia
Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body
102
petechiae
Small pinpoint hemorrhages caused by bleeding under the skin
103
platelet count
Number of platelets per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
104
polycythemia vera
Increase in numbers of red blood cells (erythemia)
105
prothrombin time
Test of the ability of blood to clot
106
purpura
Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin caused by deficiency of clotting cells (platelets)
107
red blood cell count
Number of erythrocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
108
red blood cell morphology
Microscopic examination of a stained blood smear to determine the shape of an individual's red blood cells
109
relapse
Return of symptoms of disease
110
remission
Disappearance of symptoms of disease
111
sickle cell anemia
Hereditary condition marked by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis
112
thalassemia
Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in person of Mediterranean background.
113
white blood cell count
Number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood
114
white blood cell differential
Percentage of the total white blood cell count made up by different types of leukocytes
