Chapter 5: Digestive System: Exercises Flashcards
1
Q
Consists of ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid sections
A
colon
2
Q
Small sac under the liver; stores bile
A
gallbladder
3
Q
First part of the large intestine
A
cecum
4
Q
End of the digestive tract opening to the outside of the body
A
anus
5
Q
Second part of the small intestine
A
jejunum
6
Q
Tube connecting the throat to the stomach
A
esophagus
7
Q
Third part of the small intestine
A
ileum
8
Q
Large organ in the right upper quadrant; secretes bile, stores sugar, produces blood proteins
A
liver
9
Q
Throat
A
pharynx
10
Q
Lowest part of the colon
A
sigmoid colon
11
Q
First part of the small intestine
A
duodenum
12
Q
Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and digestive enzymes
A
pancreas
13
Q
Microscopic projections in the walls of the small intestine
A
villi
14
Q
Salivary gland near the ear
A
parotid
15
Q
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach
A
pyloric sphincter
16
Q
Soft inner section of a tooth
A
pulp
17
Q
Chemical that speeds up reactions and helps digest foods
A
enzyme
18
Q
Pigment released with bile
A
bilirubin
19
Q
Hormone produced by endocrine cells of the pancreas
A
insulin
20
Q
Rhythm-like contraction of the muscles in the walls of the gastrointestinal walls
A
peristalsis
21
Q
Breakdown of large fat molecules
A
emulsification
22
Q
labi/o
A
lip
23
Q
cheil/o
A
lip
24
Q
gloss/o
A
tongue
25
lingu/o
tongue
26
or/o
mouth
27
stomat/o
mouth
28
dent/i
tooth
29
odont/o
tooth
30
lapar/o
abdomen
31
celi/o
abdomen
32
gluc/o
sugar
33
glyc/o
sugar
34
lip/o
fat
35
steat/o
fat
36
adip/o
fat
37
-iasis
abnormal condition
38
-osis
abnormal condition
39
chol/e
gall, bile
40
bil/i
gall, bile
41
resection
removal, excision
42
-ectomy
removal, excision
43
Removal of a salivary gland
sialadenectomy
44
Pertaining to the throat
pharyngeal
45
Hernia of the rectum
rectocele
46
Enlargement of the liver
hepatomegaly
47
Surgical repair of the roof of the mouth
palatoplasty
48
After meals
postprandial
| post cibum - cib/o refers to meals or feeding
49
Visual examination of the anal and rectal region
proctoscopy
50
Study of the cause (of disease)
etiology
51
Incision of the common bile duct
choledochotomy
52
Pertaining to teeth and cheek
dentibuccal
53
Disease condition of the small intestine
enteropathy
54
New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum
choledochojejunostomy
55
Pertaining to surrounding the anus
perianal
56
New opening from the colon to the outside of the body
colostomy
57
Under the lower jaw
submandibular
58
Pertaining to the face
facial
59
Treats disorders of the rectum and anus
proctologist
60
Operates on the organs of the urinary tract
urologist
61
Straightens teeth
orthodontist
62
Performs root canal therapy
endodontist
63
Operates on the mouth and teeth
oral surgeon
64
Treats kidney disorders
nephrologist
65
Diagnoses and treats gastrointestinal disorders
gastroenterologist
66
Treats gum disease
periodontist
67
Operates on the intestinal tract
colorectal surgeon
68
Inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
69
Inflammation of the large intestine
colitis
70
Inflammation of the passageway from the throat to the stomach
esophagitis
71
Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the abdomen
peritonitis
72
Inflammation of the gallbladder
cholecystitis
73
Inflammation of the third part of the small intestine
ileitis
74
Inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
75
Inflammation of the gums
gingivitis
76
Inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
77
Inflammation of the mouth
stomatitis
78
Inflammation of the salivary gland
sialadenitis
79
Inflammation of the small and large intestines
enterocolitis
80
High level of blood sugar
hyperglycemia
81
Inflammation of the lip
cheilitis
82
Pertaining to administration of medicines and fluid other than by mouth
parenteral
83
Mucous membrane
mucosa
84
Expulsion of feces from the body through the anus
defecation
85
Breakdown (conversion) of starch to sugar
glycogenolysis
86
Fan-like membrane that connects the small intestine to the abdominal wall
mesentery
87
Large vessel that takes blood to the liver from the intestines
portal vein
88
New surgical connection between structures or organs
anastomosis
89
Pertaining to bile ducts
biliary
90
Process of forming new sugar from proteins and fats
gluconeogenesis
91
High levels of a bile pigment in the bloodstream
hyperbilirubinemia
92
Passage of bright red blood from the rectum
hematochezia
93
Lack of appetite
anorexia
94
Fat in the feces
steatorrhea
95
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood
melena
96
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
ascites
97
Rumbling noises produced by gas in the gastrointestinal tract
borborygmi (bowel sounds)
98
Gas expelled through the anus
flatus
99
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach and a tendency to vomit
nausea
100
Loose, watery stools
diarrhea
101
Difficulty in passing stools (feces)
constipation
102
Difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
103
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
eructation
104
jaundice
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and other tissues (hyperbilirubinemia)
105
List three ways in which a patient can become jaundiced
Any liver disease
Obstruction of bile flow
Excessive hemolysis
(Refer to LOM page 180, section J 2)
106
idiopathic
Cause is not known
107
Mr. Jones, a smoker and heavy drinker, complained of dysphagia in recent months. A longstanding condition of Barrett esophagus resulted in his malignant condition.
Diagnosis:
esophageal cancer
108
An abnormal tube-like passageway near his anus caused Mr. Rosen's proctalgia. His doctor performed surgery to close off the abnormality.
Diagnosis:
anal fistula
109
Carol's dentist informed her that the enamel of three teeth was damaged by bacteria-producing acid.
Diagnosis:
dental caries
110
Paola's symptoms of chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever led to her doctor to suspect that she suffered from an inflammatory bowel disease affecting the distal portion of her ileum. The doctor prescribed steroid drugs to heal her condition.
Diagnosis:
Crohn disease
111
Mr. Hart learned that his colonoscopy showed the presence of small benign growths protruding from the mucous membrane of his large intestine.
Diagnosis:
colonic polyps
112
During a routine dental checkup, Dr. Friedman discovered white plaques on Mr. Longo's buccal mucosa. He advised Mr. Longo, who was a chronic smoker and heavy drinker, to have these precancerous lesions removed.
Diagnosis:
oral leukoplakia
113
Every time Carl had a stressful time at work, he developed a fever blister (cold sore) on his lip, resulting from reactivation of a previous viral infection. His doctor told him that there was no treatment 100% effective in preventing the reappearance of these lesions.
Diagnosis:
herpetic stomatitis
114
Mr. Green had a biopsy of a neoplastic lesion in his descending colon. The pathology report indicated a malignancy. A partial colectomy was necessary.
Diagnosis:
colorectal cancer
115
Small ulcers (canker sores) appeared on Diane's gums. They were painful and annoying.
Diagnosis:
aphthous stomatitis
116
Imaging tests revealed a tumor in a selection of Mr. Smith's pancreas. His physician told him that since it had not spread, he could hope for a cure with surgery. He had a pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple's procedure), which was successful.
Diagnosis:
pancreatic cancer
117
Mr. Clark complained of pain during swallowing. His physician explained that the pain was caused by a failure of muscles in his lower esophagus to relax during swallowing.
Diagnosis:
achalasia
118
Protrustion of the upper part of the stomach through the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
119
Painful, inflamed intestines caused by bacterial infection
dysentery
120
Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region
hemorrhoids
121
Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach of duodenum
peptic ulcer
122
Loss of peristalsis
ileus
123
Twisting of the intestine on itself
volvulus
124
Swollen varicose veins on the surface of the distal portion of the esophagus
esophageal varices
125
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall
diverticulosis
126
Chronic inflammation of the colon with destruction of its inner surface
ulcerative colitis
127
Telescoping of the intestines
intussusception
128
Inflammation of the liver caused by type A, type B, or type C virus
viral hepatitis
129
Inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
130
Calculi in the sac that stores bile
cholecystolithiasis (gallstones)
131
Chronic degenerative liver disease with scarring resulting from alcoholism or infectious hepatitis
cirrhosis
132
gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating) with no evidence of structual abnormalities
irritable bowel syndrome
133
Membrane (peritoneal fold) that holds the intestines together
mesentry
134
Removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
135
Black or dark brown, tarry stools containing blood
melena
136
High levels of pigment in the blood (jaundice)
hyperbilirubinema
137
Pertaining to under the tongue
sublingual
138
Twisting of the intestine on itself
volvulus
139
New connection between two previously unconnected tubes
anastomosis
140
Absence of acid in the stomach
achlorhydria
141
Return of solids and fluids to the mouth from the stomach
gastroesophageal reflux
142
Removal of soft tissue hanging from the roof of the mouth
uvulectomy
143
Formation of stones
lithogenesis
