Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System: Pronunciation of Terms Flashcards
1
Q
angiogram
A
X-ray record of a blood vessel
2
Q
angioplasty
A
Surgical repair of a blood vessel
3
Q
anoxia
A
Lack of oxygen in body tissues
4
Q
aorta
A
Largest artery in the body
5
Q
aortic stenosis
A
Narrowing of the aorta
6
Q
arrhthymia
A
Without rhythm; an irregular beat of the heart
7
Q
arterial anastomosis
A
Surgical connection between two arteries
8
Q
arteriography
A
X-ray recording of arteries
9
Q
arteriole
A
Small artery
10
Q
arteriosclerosis
A
Hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque
11
Q
artery
A
Largest type of blood vessel
12
Q
atherectomy
A
Removal of plaque (lipids and clots) that accumulate in the lining of an artery
13
Q
atheroma
A
Mass of fatty plaque that collects in an artery
14
Q
atherosclerosis
A
Form of arteriosclerosis in which fatty plaque deposits in the interior lining of an artery
15
Q
atrial
A
Pertaining to an atrium
16
Q
atrioventricular bundle
A
Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting impulses between them; bundle of His
17
Q
atrioventricular node
A
Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) through the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His) toward the ventricles
18
Q
atrium
(singular)
atria
(plural)
A
Upper chamber of the heart
19
Q
brachial artery
A
Artery that carries blood to the arm
20
Q
bradycardia
A
Slow heartbeat
21
Q
bundle of His
A
Atrioventricular bundle
22
Q
capillary
A
Smallest blood vessel
23
Q
carbon dioxide
A
Gas released by body cells and carried by veins to the heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation
24
Q
cardiomegaly
A
Enlargement of the heart
25
cardiomyopathy
Disease of heart muscle
26
coronary arteries
Branches of the aorta bringing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
27
cyanosis
Abnormal condition of blueness of the skin caused by decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide in the blood
28
deoxygenated blood
Blood that is oxygen-poor
29
diastole
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
30
electrocardiogram
Record of the electricity flowing through the heart
31
endocardium
Inner lining of the heart
32
endothelium
Innermost lining of blood vessels
33
hypercholesterolemia
High levels of cholesterol in the blood
34
hypoxia
Deficiency of oxygen in body tissues
35
interventricular septum
Wall between the ventricles of the heart
36
mitral valve
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle; bicuspid valve
37
mitral valvulitis
Inflammation of the mitral valve
38
myocardium
Muscular layer of the heart
39
myxoma
Rare neoplasm of connective tissue found in the heart muscle
40
normal sinus rhythm
Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node
41
oxygen
Gas that enters the body through the lungs and travels to the heart to be distributed by arterial blood to all parts of the body
42
pacemaker
Specialized nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium. It begins the heartbeat; sinoatrial node
43
pericardiocentesis
Surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart
44
pericardium
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
45
phlebotomy
Incision into a vein
46
pulmonary artery
Blood vessel carrying oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs
47
pulmonary circulation
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
48
pulmonary valve
A valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
49
pulmonary vein
One or two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
50
pulse
Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries
51
septum
(singular)
septa
(plural)
Wall or partition. The interatrial septum lies between the atria of the heart and the interventricular septum is between the ventricles of the heart
52
sinoatrial node
Sensitive nervous tissue in the wall of the right atrium; pacemaker of the heart
53
sphygomoanometer
Instrument to measure blood pressure
54
stethoscope
Instrument for listening to sounds in the chest
55
systemic circulation
Flow of blood from body tissues to the heart and from the heart back to the tissues
56
systole
Contraction phase of the heartbeat
57
tachycardia
Rapid heartbeat
58
thombolysis
Destruction of a clot
59
thombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein and formation of a clot within the vein
60
tricuspid valve
A valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle
61
valve
Structure in a vein or in the heart that temporarily closes an opening so that blood flows in the proper direction
62
valvotomy
Incision of a valve
63
valvuloplasty
Surgical repair of a valve
64
vascular
Pertaining to a blood vessel
65
vasoconstriction
Narrowing of a blood vessel
66
vasodilation
Widening of a blood vessel
67
vein
Thin-walled blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood from body tissues back to the heart
68
vena cava
(singular)
venae cavae
(plural)
Largest vein in the body. The venae cavae (inferior and superior) return blood to the heart from the body tissues
69
venipuncture
Incision of a vein to remove blood
70
venous
Pertaining to a vein
71
ventricle
One of two lower chambers of the heart
72
venule
Small vein
73
ACE inhibitor
Drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, prevents heart attacks, strokes, and congestive heart failure.
ACE stands for angiotensin-converting enzyme which normally constricts blood vessels
74
acute coronary syndromes
Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries; unstable angina and myocardial infarction
75
aneurysm
Local widening of ballooning out of a small area of an artery
76
angina
Chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia
77
angiography
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
78
atrioventricular block
Failure of conduction of impulses from the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle and ventricles of the heart
79
atrial fibrillation
Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm
80
auscultation
Use of a stethoscope to listen for sounds emanating from the heart or other organs
81
beta-blocker
Drug used to treat high blood pressure and control heart rate
82
bruit
An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or organ
83
calcium channel blocker
Drug used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension)
84
cardiac arrest
Sudden unexpected stoppage of the heart; sudden cardiac death
85
cardiac catheterization
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery and after contrast material is introduced, blood pressure is measured, and x-rays taken to image patterns of blood flow
86
cardiac MRI
Images of the heart are produced with magnetic waves
87
cardiac tamponade
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
88
cardioversion
Treatment for serious arrhythmias using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart so that a normal rhythm can begin; defibrillation
89
claudication
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest
90
coarctation of the aorta
Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed or stenosed
91
computerized tomography angiography
X-ray images are combined with computerized tomography to produce a 3D picture of the heart and blood vessels
92
congenital heart disease
Structural heart defects that appear at birth
93
congestive heart failure
Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
94
coronary artery disease
Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with plaque deposits
95
coronary artery bypass grafting
Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring need blood supply to the myocardium
96
deep-vein thrombosis
Blood clots form in a large vein, usually in the leg
97
digoxin
Drug that increases strength and regularity of the heartbeat
98
digital subtraction angiography
Video equipment, computer and x-ray machine produce images of blood vessels before and after injecting contrast material
99
Doppler ultrasound
Method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow
100
echocardiography
High-energy sound waves are transmitted into the chest and images recorded of valves, chambers, surfaces, and movement of the heart
101
electrocardiography
Process of recording the electricity flowing through the heart
102
electron beam computed tomography
Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early coronary artery disease
103
embolus
(singular)
emboli
(plural)
A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
104
endarterectomy
Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart)
105
extracorporeal circulation
Use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery
106
fibrillation
Random, rapid, inefficient, irregular contractions of the atria or ventricles
107
flutter
Rapid but regular contractions of the heart, usually the atria
108
heart transplantation
Donor heart is transferred to a recipient
109
hemorrhoids
Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region
110
Holter monitoring
Compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
111
hypertension
High blood pressure
112
implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Small electronic device implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus rhythm
113
infarction
Area of dead tissue
114
ischemia
Holding back blood to a region of the body.
Myocardial ischemia is deprivation of blood to the heart muscle
115
left ventricular assist device
Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle. It's a "bridge to transplant" or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible
116
lipid tests
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides (fats) in a sample of blood
117
lipoprotein electrophoresis
Lipoproteins (combinations of fat and protein) are physically separated in a blood sample
118
mitral stenosis
Narrowing of the mitral valve
119
mitral valve prolapse
Abnormal closure of the mitravel valve so that blood refluxes backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
120
murmur
Extra sound heard between normal beats during auscultation of the heart
121
myocardial infarction
Area of dead tissue in the heart muscle; heart attack
122
nitroglycerin
Drug used in the treatment of angina (pectoris). it dilates coronary arteries so that more blood flows to the heart muscle
123
occlusion
Blockage or closure of a vessel or tube
124
palpitations
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as skipped beats
125
patent ductus arteriosus
The ductus arteriosus, a small duct that is open during fetal circulation, fails to close at bith
126
percutaneous coronary intervention
A catheter with a balloon and sten is inserted into a coronary artery to remove collections of plaque.
Drug-eluting stents release chemicals to keep debris and plaque from recollecting
127
pericardial friction rub
Scraping or grating sound heard on auscultation of the heart.
Usually symptomatic of pericarditis
128
pericarditis
Inflammation of the pericardium
129
peripheral vascular disease
Blockage of blood vessels outside the heart
130
petechiae
Small pinpoint hemorrhages under the skin
131
positron emission tomography
Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive substances
132
radiofrequency catheter ablation
Radiofrequency energy is delivered from the tip of a catheter inserted through a blood vessel into the heart to treat certain types of cardiac arrhythmias.
The treatment destroys or ablates the tissue causing the arrhythmia
133
Raynaud disease
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by blood vessel spasms
134
rheumatic heart disease
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
135
septal defects
Small holes, present at birth, in the walls between the heart chambers
136
serum enzyme tests
Chemicals measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
137
statins
Drugs given to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream
138
stress test
Exercise tolerance test is used to determine the heart's response to physical exertion
139
telemetry
Continuous monitoring of a patient's heart rhythm in a hospital
140
tetralogy of Fallor
Four separate defects of the heart occurring at birth
141
technetium 99m sestamibi scan
Uptake of a radioactive chemical (technetium 99m sestamibi) in myocardium reveals evidence of a heart attack (myocardian infarction)
142
thallium 201 scan
Concentration of radioactive substance (thallium 201) is measured in the myocardium to show evidence of an infarction ("cold spots")
143
thrill
Fine vibration felt on palpation (touching) the body over a blood vessel that is blocked
144
thrombolytic therapy
Injection of drugs (streptokinase and tPA) to dissolve clots in the bloodstream
145
thrombotic occlusion
Blockage of a blood vessel caused by thrombosis or clot formation
146
varicose veins
Swollen, twisted veins, often occurring in the legs
147
vegetations
Collections of clotted material that accumulate on endocardium and valves of the heart in conditions such as endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease
