Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System: Exercises Flashcards
1
Q
Valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
A
tricuspid valve
2
Q
Smallest blood vessel
A
capillary
3
Q
Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
A
pulmonary vein
4
Q
Largest artery in the body.
A
aorta
5
Q
Brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body.
A
superior vena cava
6
Q
Upper chamber of the heart.
A
atrium
7
Q
Carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs from the heart.
A
pulmonary artery
8
Q
Small artery
A
arteriole
9
Q
Valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
A
mitral valve
10
Q
Brings blood from the lower half of the body to the heart.
A
inferior vena cava
11
Q
Small vein
A
venule
12
Q
Lower chamber of the heart.
A
ventricle
13
Q
Trace the path of blood through the heart, starting from the right atrium from the venae cavae.
Include the valves within the heart.
A
- right atrium
- tricuspid valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary valve
- pulmonary artery
- capillaries of the lung
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- mitral valve
- left ventricle
- aortic valve
- aorta
14
Q
The pacemaker of the heart is the ________
A
sinoatrial (SA) node
15
Q
The sac-like membrane surrounding the heart is the _______
A
pericardium
16
Q
The wall of the heart between the right and the left atria is the ________
A
interatrial septum
17
Q
The relaxation phase of the heartbeat is called ________
A
diastole
18
Q
Specialized conductive tissue in the wall between the ventricles is the __________
A
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
19
Q
The inner lining of the heart is the __________
A
endocardium
20
Q
The contractive phase of the heartbeat is called _________
A
systole
21
Q
A gas released as a metabolic product of catabolism is ________
A
carbon dioxide (CO2)
22
Q
Specialized conductive tissue at the base of the wall between the two upper heart chambers is the ________
A
atrioventricular (AV) node
23
Q
The inner lining of the pericardium, adhering to the outside of the heart, is the ____________
A
visceral pericardium
24
Q
An abnormal heart sound due to improper closure of heart valves is a _________
A
murmur
25
The beat of the heart as felt through the walls of arteries is called the ________
pulse
26
Hardening of arteries
arteriosclerosis
27
Disease condition of heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
28
Enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
29
Inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
30
Condition of rapid heartbeat
tachycardia
31
Condition of slow heartbeat
bradycardia
32
High levels of cholesterol in the blood
hypercholesterolemia
33
Surgical repair of a valve
valvuloplasty
34
Condition of deficient oxygen
hypoxia
35
Pertaining to an upper heart chamber
atrial
36
Narrowing of the mitral valve
mitral stenosis
37
Breakdown of a clot
thrombolysis
38
cyanosis
Bluish discoloration of the skin owing to deficient oxygen in the blood
39
phlebotomy
Incision of a vein
40
aterial anastomosis
New connection between arteries
41
cardiogenic shock
Circulatory failure due to poor heart function
42
atheroma
Mass of yellowish plaque
43
arrhythmia
Abnormal heart rhythm
44
sphygmomanometer
Instrument to measure blood pressure
45
stethoscope
Instrument to listen to sounds within the chest
46
mitral valvulitis
Inflammation of the mitral valve
47
atherosclerosis
Hardening of arteries with a yellowish, fatty substance (plaque)
48
vasoconstriction
Narrowing of a vessel
49
vasodilation
Widening of a vessel
50
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
endocarditis
51
Rapid but regular atrial or ventricular contractions.
flutter
52
Small hole between the upper heart chambers; congenital anomaly.
atrial septal defect
53
Improper closure of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle during systole.
mitral valve prolapse
54
Blockage of the arteries surrounding the heart leading to ischemia.
coronary artery disease
55
High blood pressure affecting the heart.
hypertensive heart disease
56
Rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart.
fibrillation
57
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart.
pericarditis
58
Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood.
congestive heart failure
59
Congenital malformation involving four (4) separate heart defects.
tetralogy of Fallot
60
Congenital narrowing of the large artery leading from the heart.
coarctation of the aorta
61
A duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open.
patent ductus arteriosus
62
heart block
Failure of proper conduction of impulses through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
63
cardiac arrest
Sudden unexpected stoppage of heart action
64
palpitations
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest associated with arrhthymias
65
artificial cardiac pacemaker
Battery-operated device that is placed in the chest and wired to send electrical current to the heart to establish a normal sinus rhythm
66
thrombotic occlusion
Blockage of a vessel by a clot
67
angina
Chest pain resulting from insufficient oxygen being supplied to the heart muscle (ischemia)
68
myocardial infarction
Area of necrosis (tissue death in the heart; heart attack)
69
necrosis
Abnormal condition of death (dead tissue)
70
infarction
Damage or death of tissue due to deprivation of oxygen
71
ischemia
Blood is held back from an area of the body
72
nitroglycerin
Nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina
73
digoxin
Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
74
bruit
Abnormal sound (murmur) heart on auscultation
75
thrill
Vibration felt on palpation of the chest
76
acute coronary syndromes
Consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries; MI and unstable angina
77
pericardial friction rub
Scraping or grating noise on auscultation of the heart. Indicates pericarditis
78
deep vein thrombosis
Clot formation in a large vein, usually in lower limb
79
biventricular pacemaker
Device enabling ventricles to beat in synchrony; cardiac resynchronization therapy
80
Lesions that form on heart valves after damage by infection
vegetations
81
Clots that travel to and suddenly block a blood vessel
emboli
82
Small pinpoint hemorrhages
petechiae
83
An extra heart sound, heard between normal beats and caused by a valvular defect or condition that disrupts the smooth flow of blood through the heart
murmur
84
Listening with a stethoscope
auscultation
85
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
86
High blood pressure related to kidney disease
secondary hypertension
87
Episodes of pallor numbness, and cyanosis in fingers and toes caused by a temporary constriction of arterioles
Raynaud's disease
88
Local widening of an artery
aneurysm
89
Pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun
claudication
90
Blockage of arteries in the lower extremities; etiology is atherosclerosis
peripheral arterial disease
91
Types of drugs used to treat acute coronary syndromes include _________
Beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, aspirin, calcium channel blockers
92
When damaged valves in veins fail to prevent the backflow of blood, a condition that results is _______
Varicose veins
93
Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal region are called _______
Hemorrhoids
94
Four (4) defects in tetralogy of Fallot:
a) Narrowing of the artery leading to the lungs from the heart
b) Gap in the wall between ventricles
c) The large vessel leading from the left ventricle moves over the interventricular septum
d) Excessive development of the wall of the right lower heart chamber
a) pulmonary artery stenosis
b) ventricular septal defect
c) shift of the aorta to the right
d) hypertrophy of the right ventricle
95
High blood pressure in arteries when the etiology is idiopathic
essential hypertension
96
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner lining of an artery
endarterectomy
97
Application of brief electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia
defibrillation
98
Measurement of levels of fatty substances (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the bloodstream
lipid tests (profile)
99
Measurement of the heart's response to physical exertion (patient monitored while jogging on a treadmill)
stress test
100
Measurement of troponin-T and troponin-I after myocardial infarction
cardiac biomarkers
101
Injection of contrast into vessels and x-ray imaging
angiography (arteriography)
102
Recording of the electricity in the heart
electrocardiography
103
Intravenous injection of a radioactive substance and measurement of its accumulation in heart muscle
thallium 201 scan
104
Use of echoes from high-frequency sound waves to produce images of the heart
echocardiography
105
Separation of HDL and LDL from a blood sample
lipoprotein electrophoresis
106
Anastomosis of vessel grafts to existing coronary arteries to maintain blood supply to the myocardium
coronary artery bypass grafting
107
Beaming of magnetic waves at the heart to produce images of its structure
cardiac MRI
108
digital subtraction angiography
Video equipment and a computer produce x-ray pictures of blood vessels by taking 2 pictures (with and without contrast) and subtracting the first image (without contrast) from the second
109
heart transplantation
A donor heart is transferred to a recipient
110
ETT-MIBI
Exercise tolerance test combined with a radioactive tracer scan
111
Doppler ultrasound
An instrument that focuses sound waves on a blood vessel to measure blood flow
112
Holter monitoring
A compact version of an electrocardiograph is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias
113
thrombolytic therapy
Treatment with drugs to dissolve clots after a heart attack
114
extracorporeal circulation
A heart-lung machine is used to divert blood from the heart and lungs during surgery. The machine oxygenates the blood and sends it back into the bloodstream
115
cardiac catheterization
A catheter is inserted into an artery or vein and threaded into the heart chambers. Contrast can be injected to take x-ray pictures, patterns of blood flow can be detected, and blood pressures can be measured
116
percutaneous coronary intervention
A balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery. Stents are put into place.
117
drug-eluting stent
Stents are expandable slotted tubes that are placed in arteries. They release polymers to prevent plaque from reforming.
118
electron beam computer tomography
Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose CAD
119
CT angiography
X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries obtained using CT technology
120
Pertaining to the heart
coronary
121
Not a normal heart rhythm
arrhythmia
122
Abnormal condition of blueness
cyanosis
123
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
diastole
124
Chest pain
angina pectoris
125
Inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
126
Widening of a vessel
vasodilation
127
Enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
128
Hardening of arteries with fatty plaque
atherosclerosis
129
Swollen veins in the rectal region
hemorrhoids
130
Incision of a heart valve
valvotomy
131
Removal of a clot that has traveled into a blood vessel and suddenly caused occlusion
embolectomy
132
Coronary artery bypass grafting
CABG
133
Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pericardial space
pericardiocentesis
134
Insertion of a balloon-tipped catheter and stents into a coronary artery
PCI
135
Removal of the inner lining of an artery to make it wider
endarterectomy
136
Suture (repair) of a ballooned-out portion of an artery
aneurysmorrhaphy
137
Removal of plaque from an artery
atherectomy
138
Type of acute coronary syndrome
ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
139
Use of streptokinase and tPA to dissolve clots
thrombolytic therapy
140
Brief delivery of radiofrequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue for treating arrhythmias
catheter ablation
141
Measures a peptide elevated in patients with heart failure
BNP test
