Chapter 17: Sense Organs Eye and Ear: Pathology and Clinical Procedures

Question 1

astigmatism

Answer 1

Defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

Question 2

hyperopia

hypermetropia

Answer 2

Farsightedness

Question 3

myopia

Answer 3

Nearsightedness

Question 4

presbyopia

Answer 4

Impairment of vision as a result of old age

Question 5

cataract

Answer 5

Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

Question 6

chalazion

Answer 6

Small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

Question 7

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)

Question 8

exudates

Answer 8

Fluid leaking from the blood

Question 9

glaucoma

Answer 9

Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

Question 10

tonometry

Answer 10

Instrument applied externally to the eye after a local anesthetic used to diagnose glaucoma

Question 11

trabeculoplasty

Answer 11

Laser therapy to improve glaucoma

Question 12

blepharitis

Answer 12

Inflammation of an eyelid

Question 13

dacryocystitis

Answer 13

Blockage, inflammation and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac

Question 14

ectropion

Answer 14

Outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration

Question 15

entropion

Answer 15

Inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye

Question 16

hordeolum

sty or stye

Answer 16

Localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a sebaceous oil-producing gland in the eyelid

Question 17

ptosis

Answer 17

Dropping of upper lid margin from neuromuscular problems or trauma

Question 18

xanthelasma

Answer 18

Raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder

Question 19

macular degeneration

Answer 19

Progressive damage to the macula of the retina

Question 20

nystagmus

Answer 20

Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

Question 21

retinal detachment

Answer 21

Two layers of the retina separate from each other

Question 22

photopsia

Answer 22

Bright flashes of light

Question 23

floaters

Answer 23

Black spots or filmy shapes

Question 24

strabismus

Answer 24

Abnormal deviation of the eye

Question 25

esotropia

Answer 25

One eye turns inward; cross-eyed

Question 26

exotropia

Answer 26

One eye turns outward; wall-eye

Question 27

hypertropia

Answer 27

Upward deviation of one eye

Question 28

hypotropia

Answer 28

Downward deviation of one eye

Question 29

amblyopia

Answer 29

Partial loss of vision from "lazy eye"

Question 30

diplopia

Answer 30

Double vision

Question 31

pneumatic retinopexy

Answer 31

A gas bubble is injected into the vitreous cavity to put pressure on the area of the retinal tear until the retina is reattached

Question 32

fluorescein angiography

Answer 32

Intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

Question 33

ophthalmoscopy

Answer 33

Visual examination of the interior of the eye

Question 34

slit lamp microscopy

Answer 34

Examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

Question 35

visual acuity test

Answer 35

Clarity of vision is assessed

Question 36

visual field test

Answer 36

Measurement of the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central)

Question 37

enucleation

Answer 37

Removal of the entire eyeball

Question 38

keratoplasty

Answer 38

Surgical repair of the cornea; corneal transplant

Question 39

laser photocoagulation

Answer 39

Intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

Question 40

LASIK

Answer 40

Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction

Question 41

phacoemulsification

Answer 41

Ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe; typical surgery for cataract removal

Question 42

scleral buckle

Answer 42

Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

Question 43

acoustic neuroma

Answer 43

Benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (eighth cranial nerve) in the brain

Question 44

cholesteatoma

Answer 44

Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear

Question 45

deafness

Answer 45

Loss of the ability to hear

Question 46

nerve deafness | sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 46

Impairment of the cochlea or auditory (acoustic) nerve

Question 47

conductive deafness

Answer 47

Impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes transmitting sound waves into the cochlea

Question 48

Meniere disease

Answer 48

Disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear; elevator endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops)

Question 49

otitis media

Answer 49

Inflammation of the middle ear

Question 50

acute otitis media

Answer 50

Infection of the middle ear; often following an upper respiratory infection

Question 51

suppurative otitis media

Answer 51

Infection of the middle ear with pus; bacterial

Question 52

serous otitis media

Answer 52

Noninfectious inflammation with accumulation of serous fluid

Question 53

otosclerosis

Answer 53

Hardening of the bony tissue of the middle ear

Question 54

tinnitus

Answer 54

Sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears

Question 55

vertigo

Answer 55

Sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects

Question 56

audiometry

Answer 56

Testing the sense of hearing

Question 57

cochlear implant procedure

Answer 57

Surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing-impaired persons to understand speech

Question 58

ear thermometry

Answer 58

Measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum

Question 59

otoscopy

Answer 59

Visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

Question 60

tuning fork test

Answer 60

Test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork; Rinne test