9.24 Drugs in Foundations ILM

Question 1

prednisone is a type of _________. what is it used for? is it oral or topical?

Answer 1

steroid
pain relief and anti-inflammation
oral

Question 2

clotrimazole:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 2

anti-fungal

inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis

Question 3

nystatin:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 3

anti-fungal
binds ergosterol, forms membrane pores
topical

Question 4

ketorolac:

class
purpose
mechanism of action

Answer 4

NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, inhibiting COX and conversion to prostaglandins, etc.)

Question 5

NSAIDs are used for 2 things:

Answer 5

pain relief and anti-inflammation

Question 6

nafcillin:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 6

antibacterial (antibiotic)

ring that inhibits the cell wall formation in gram + bacteria

Question 7

imiquimod:

class
mechanism of action
use

Answer 7

immune response modifier
stimulates innate immune cells via TLR, causing cytokine increase
can treat BCC, actinic keratoses, genital warts topically

Question 8

terbinafene:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 8

anti-fungal
inhibits fungal enzyme for ergosterol syndrome
oral

Question 9

aspirin:

class
purpose
mechanism of action

Answer 9

NSAID
pain and inflammation
irreversible COX inhibition

Question 10

naproxen:

class
purpose
mechanism of action

Answer 10

NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, inhibiting COX and conversion to prostaglandins, etc.)

Question 11

ketoconazole:

class
mechanism of action
topical or oral?

Answer 11

anti-fungal
inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis
topical

Question 12

griseofulvin:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 12

anti-fungal
interferes with microtubule function, disrupts mitosis
oral

Question 13

gentamicin:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 13

antibacterial (antibiotics)
inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting RNA translation into protein, binds to 30S ribosomal subunits

Gram -

Question 14

cefazolin:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 14

antibacterial
inhibits cell wall biosynthesis

gram + bacteria

Question 15

Steroids are used for 2 things:

Answer 15

pain relief and anti-inflammation

Question 16

acyclovir:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 16

anti-viral

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Question 17

indomethacin:

class
purpose
mechanism of action

Answer 17

NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, inhibiting COX and conversion to prostaglandins, etc.)

Question 18

celecoxib:

class
purpose
mechanism of action

Answer 18

NSAIDs
pain reliever and anti-inflammation
irreversible COX2 inhibition

Question 19

triamcinolone is a type of ______. What is it used for? is it topical or oral?

Answer 19

steroid.
pain relief and anti-inflammation
topical

Question 20

tetracycline:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 20

antibacterial (antibiotic)
inhibits RNA translation to protein - no protein synthesis

Gram - and gram +

Question 21

isotretinoin:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 21

vitamin A analogue for acne

act at retinoic acid receptor (RAR), slows sebaceous gland proliferation and helps reduce inflammation

Question 22

dexamethasone is a type of _______. what is the mechanism of action? is it oral or topical?

Answer 22

steroid
increase levels of lipocortin, inhibits phospholipase A2, decreasing inflammatory mediators
oral

Question 23

sulfamethoxazole:

class
mechanism of action

Answer 23

antibacterial
blocks folic acid synthesis and thus blocks DNA synthesis

gram +

Question 24

acetaminophen and paracetamol:

class
purpose
mechanism of action

Answer 24

no classification
pain reliever and antipyretic
mechanism unknown but does have some COX inhibition

Question 25

tretinoin: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 25

vitamin A analogue for acne | act at retinoic acid receptor (RAR), slows sebaceous gland proliferation and helps reduce inflammation

Question 26

ciproflaxin: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 26

antibacterial inhibits DNA gyrase (a topoisomerase), inhibiting bacterial cell division Gram - and gram +

Question 27

penicillin: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 27

antibacterial (antibiotic) inhibits the formation of the gram + bacterial cell wall gram +

Question 28

vancomycin: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 28

antibacterial | inhibition of gram + bacterial cell wall synthesis

Question 29

permethrin: ``` class mechanism of action use ```

Answer 29

scabicides insecticide - acts on arthropod Na+ channels and disrupts nerve and muscle function topical treatment of scabies and lice

Question 30

hydrocortisone is a type of ______. what is it used for? os it oral or topical?

Answer 30

steroid pain relief and anti-inflammation topical

Question 31

metronidazole: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 31

antibacterial | damages DNA, inhibits nucleic acid synthesis

Question 32

what is the mechanism of action of steroids?

Answer 32

increases levels of lipocortin, inhibits PLA2, decreasing inflammatory mediators since arachidonic acid can't be made. (AA pathway)

Question 33

ibuprofen is an _______ (class). Why is it used? What is its mechanism of action?

Answer 33

NSAID pain and inflammation reversible COX inhibition (AA pathway, COX converts AA to prostaglandins, prostacyclins, etc.)

Question 34

what is dexamethasone used for?

Answer 34

pain relief and anti-inflammation

Question 35

dapsone: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 35

antibacterial | blocks folic acid synthesis and thus blocks DNA synthesis

Question 36

amphotericin B: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 36

anti-fungal binds ergosterol, forms membrane pores oral

Question 37

clindamycin: ``` class mechanism of action ```

Answer 37

antibacterial (antibiotic) | disrupts protein synthesis

Question 38

what are some side effects of NSAIDS?

Answer 38

GI irritation, GERD, GI ulcers | some cardiovascular dysfunctions (stroke, MI), decreased kidney function

Question 39

what are some side effects of steroids?

Answer 39

prolonged use can lead to immunosuppression and Cushingoid (central obesity, moon face, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis). Neuropsychiatric events

Question 40

what medication family could cause the side effect of Cushingoid?

Answer 40

steroids

Question 41

What are the side effects of isotretinoin?

Answer 41

potential for severe depression and suicide, teratogen, nose bleeds, dry skin, hair loss, GI disturbance, conjunctivitis, reduced night vision.

Question 42

what are the side effects of tretinoin?

Answer 42

teratogen, dry skin, nosebleeds, hair loss, GI disturbance, conjunctivitis, reduced night vision