aabbasicquck

Question 1

Deca:Deci:

Answer 1

Deca: 10^1Deci: 10^-1Centi: 10^-2Milli: 10^-3

Question 2

LDL calc

Answer 2

TC - (TG/5 + HDL)TC= cholesterol

Question 3

Centrifuge: head/rotor, carriers/shieldsRCF: relative centrifugal force calccentrifugar force depends on three factors…recommended RCF and rpm/time

Answer 3

1.118 x 10^-5 x r x rpm^2mass, speed, radius1.118x10-5 is the angular velocityAAB study guide says 1.18RCF 1-1200 or 3500rpm 10-15min

Question 4

Horizontal/Swinging:fixed angle good to…microcentrifuge for smaller than…ultracentrifuge rpm, for….

Answer 4

Horizontal/Swinging: horizontal when spinningfixed angle good to…sediment small particles fastermicrocentrifuge for smaller than…<2mlultracentrifuge rpm, for….150,000rpm, chylomicrons

Question 5

Pipettes:Semiautomatic: recalibrate…/yr with…Most accurate pipette, has accuracy of…Pipette that is rinsed after 1st liquid drains….Pipette that drains by gravity, tip to side….Pippette w/2 frosted bands……

Answer 5

Pipettes:Semiautomatic: recalibrate…/yr with…4x/yr, gravimetric(wt=vol, water) or volumetric(dye into water, spectropho)Most accurate pipette, has accuracy of…volumetric/transfer 1:1000Pipette that is rinsed after 1st liquid drains….TC to containPipette that drains by gravity, tip to side….TD to deliverPippette w/2 frosted bands……blow out remaining drop

Question 6

Inspected etc…Centrifuges for time/speed w/NIST…automatic pipetters…..BSA hoods, thermometers w/NIST….CLIA lab inspections….

Answer 6

Inspected etc…Centrifuges for time/speed w/NIST…6 mths-use daily, need to do more oftenautomatic pipettes…quarterly, every 4 mthsBSA hoods, thermometers w/NIST….yearlyCLIA lab inspections….2yrs

Question 7

Microscopes…best forBrightfield…Darkfield…Electron…Fluorescent…Phase contrast…Polarized…Diff. interference contrast/DIC….

Answer 7

Microscopes…best forBrightfield…white light, low contrast of bioDarkfield…collect scattered light, spirocheteElectron…electrons,enlarged image, tumor markers, tissueFluorescent…high enery emits lower, ANAPhase contrast…phase shifts, diff in refractive index/contrast, manual PLT ctsPolarized…transmitted polarized light, crystalsDiff. interference contrast/DIC….recominbation of light, 3D

Question 8

Temp calculations…C to F: 5/9 x (F-32)F to C: (9/5) + 32C to K: C+27395F=C95C=F

Answer 8

95F=35C95C=203F

Question 9

M:E ratiowhat is counted as myeloid, what isn’twhat is examples of erythroid

Answer 9

M:EM=myeloid, blast count as myeloid-not lymphs/monosE=normo/erthroblast/rubricytes

Question 10

Molarity calc…Normality calc…

Answer 10

Molary= gmv/L, want mol/LNormality= 1 Eq(each H)/gmw

Question 11

Osmality NV, calcOsmolar gap…

Answer 11

Osmality 275-295, 1.86Na+Glu/18+BUN/2.8Gap is measured-calculated

Question 12

SD is the…CV is a measure of…calc…acceptable CV…QC is a measure of…

Answer 12

SD is the square root of varianceCV measures precisionSD/mean x100, <5% acceptableQC measures reliability

Question 13

Confidence intervals is probability of estimated range, degree of uncertainty1SD=2SD=3SD=acceptable SD for lab/ranges CTRLs are in….

Answer 13

Confidence intervals is probability of estimated range, degree of uncertainty1SD= 68%2SD= 95%3SD= 99%acceptable SD for lab/ranges CTRLs are in…2SD-to find 1SD you find mean, diff on each side is 2SD/2

Question 14

pH, Henderson equa…normal pH…bicarb:acid…

Answer 14

pH= pka + log (salt/acid) or (A/HA)normal pH 7.4bicard:acid 20:1

Question 15

Beers law: -concentration=energy absorbed A=abc-transmitted in inverse=A=2-log%TConcentration/absorbance calc…

Answer 15

Concen unk/Con Std = Abs unk/Abs std

Question 16

Who catergorizes/grades tests based on complexicity…Who determines if test can be waived…Most lab complexicity…PPM is what complexcity…High complexcity tests….

Answer 16

Who catergorizes/grades tests based on complexicity…FDAWho determines if test can be waived…HHSMost lab complexicity…moderatePPM is what complexcity…moderateHigh complexcity tests….-modified FDA cleared-LDT(lab developed)-cytology-serogrouping/gel immuno/electro/flow-pap

Question 17

Proficiency testing:Required by…up to…/yr…Not required for…These two can inspect…This dept approves PT program…Keep copy of PT for…Unsuccessful PT…-common causes of failure….Alternate PT testing….

Answer 17

Proficiency testing:Required by CMS under CLIA, 3x/yrNot required for…waivedThese two can inspect…CMS, HHSThis dept approves PT program…HHSKeep copy of PT for…2yrs (as most records)Unsuccessful PT…-SAME analyte in 2 CONSECUTIVE testing events or 2/3 testing events-common causes of failure: clerical, instrument method/codes, calibration bias, late turn inAlternate PT testing….-SPLIT sample testing w/ref/other lab or established in house-clin validation by chart review-participate in ungraded/educational PT program

Question 18

Most errors occur in …and….analytical areasPRE: %, if oral need written w/in…Analytical: %, most common errorPOST: % most common errorKeep records for…BB for…Pathology for…

Answer 18

Most errors occur in pre and post phasePRE: 46%, oral ok/written w/in 30 days-Joint commision national PT safety std=need to PT idsAnalytical: 8%, specimen integrityPOST: 47%, clerical errorrecords 2yrs, BB 5yrs/products 6mths after expire/Pathology 10yrs

Question 19

Warning error…what to do if 1CTRL is out…Random errors due to…causesSystemic erros due to these 3…-name of gradual loss/drift from mean/causes-name of abrupt change/causes

Answer 19

1st #=how many out consecutively 2nd #=SDWarning error…what to do if 1CTRL is out…-1-2S: repeat same CTRLRandom errors due to… 1-3SD, R-4S-unpredictable, preventable-pipetitng, electronics, HIL-R4S= 2 concensutive outside 4SDSystemic erros due to these 3…-2-2S, 4-1S, 10x-name of gradual loss/drift from mean/causes: deterioation, accumulation, aging-name of abrupt change/causes: reagent/lot change, maintenance, temp

Question 20

Steps in out of range CTRLS…1.)if only 1-2S…2)If still out…3.)still out…4.)5.)6.)

Answer 20

Steps in out of range CTRLS…1.)if only 1-2S rerun same CTRL 1x2)New vial CTRL/new lot3.)reagents, maintenance, specimen4.)recalibrate/redo ctrls5.)assistance, document corrective action

Question 21

Safety training/Blood borne training/Chenmical hygiene/TB plan done…-safety records kept…DOT training w/in…every….

Answer 21

Safety/blood borne/chemical hygiene 1yr-safety records kept 3yrsDOT w/in 90 days, 3 yrs

Question 22

Hazard Communication Std requires….on labels to alert…examples…8

Answer 22

requires pictograms on labels to alert chemical hazards-Health-Environment-Skull crossbone-gas cylinder-flame over circle-exploding bomb-flame-exclamation mark

Question 23

Health pictogram/Human: takes time, toxicity, cancer causing…6

Answer 23

Health: toxicity-carcinogen, mutangenicity-reproductive/organ toxicity-respiration/aspiraton toxicity

Question 24

Corrosion/hand-item: 4

Answer 24

Corrosion:-skin corrosion/burns-eye damage-metal corrosion

Question 25

Flame over circle: 1

Answer 25

flame over circle=oxidizer

Question 26

Skull crossbone: 1

Answer 26

Skull cross bone-acute toxicity/fatal

Question 27

exploding bomb: 3

Answer 27

exploding bomb-explosives-self reactive/organic peroxides

Question 28

exclamation mark: 6not as toxic acute and often irritants

Answer 28

exclamation mark:-skin/eye/respiratory irritant-skin sensitizer-acute toxicity-narcotic affect-ozone layer

Question 29

Environment/fish:1

Answer 29

aquatic toxicity

Question 30

Flame: heat/flame 6

Answer 30

Flame/heat:-flammables, pyrophorics-emits flammable gas-self heating, self reactives-organic peroxides

Question 31

TB plan reviewed...Class...BSC...Plan to protect employees from heath hazards with hazardous chemicals...Std related to blood/BF and contaminated items...Plan that lays out potential risks, measures taken if exposed to bloodborne pathogens....Universal precautions:-all PTs/blood/BF/tissues/needles potentially infectious and contaminated with these 3...-examples of BF that can spread these...Primary mode of infection throgh these 2..Post exposure testing...save blood for...

Answer 31

TB plan review anually, Class 2 BSCPlan to protect employees from heath hazards with hazardous chemicals...-Chemical hygiene planStd related to blood/BF and contaminated items...Bloodborn pathogen stdPlan that lays out potential risks, measures taken if exposed to bloodborne pathogens....exposure planUniversal precautions: HIV, HBV, HCV-blood, semen/vaginal, CSF/synovial/serous, amniotic, salive in dental, unfixed tissue/organsprimary mode:-puncture/broken skin, contact-mucous membranePost exposure testing:-3,6,12mths-save blood 90days

Question 32

HIV:-dominant one, grps;-slower, grps:-incubation average:-AIDs CD4 <, TH/Tctyo, category:-Bacteria:-Fungal:-Viral:-Parasites:-Testing: -Treatment:

Answer 32

HIV:-dominant one, grps: HIV1, M,N,O-slower, grps: HIV2 A,B-incubation average: 18mths-AIDs CD4 <, TH/Tctyo: <200, 1:2, 0.5, cat3-Bacteria: mycobacterium-Fungal: crypto neo, canida-Viral: HBV, EBV, CMV, HSV-Parasites: Pneumocystis, Crytpsporidium, Toxcoplasma-Testing: Qual/ELISA, Quant/RNA NAT-Treatment: HAART, AZT

Question 33

How many classes of Biosafety Cabinet(BSC)..One lab use...Certified...and then...

Answer 33

There are 3 but 2 has two subclassesClass 2aCertified upon installation, then annually

Question 34

Class BSC completely closed, neg pressure, most protection-air coming in is filter sterlized, rubber gloves

Answer 34

Class 3

Question 35

Class BSC that only sterilizes air being exhausted, ventilated outside, negative pressure

Answer 35

Class 1

Question 36

Class BSC that most labs use:-self contained, laminar flow, sash-air exhausted and over material sterilized-air recirculated thru HEPA

Answer 36

Class 2a

Question 37

Class BSC used for radioisotopes, toxic chemicals, carcinogens

Answer 37

Class 2b

Question 38

How many BSL biosafety level are there...One that most std micro labs use..

Answer 38

4BSL 1

Question 39

BSL due to dangerous, aerosol trasmitted, fetal, no vaccine/treatment-all precautions of other BSL plus clothing change/shower/decontamination-most organisms are...

Answer 39

BSL 4ebola, lassa, marburg viruses

Question 40

BSL for indigenous, serious/letal thru inhalation-controlled access, decontamination-example microbes

Answer 40

BSL 3-TB, Brucella, Y.petis, antracis, C.immitis

Question 41

BSL most used in std micro labs:-not usually cause of disease-2 examples of microbes

Answer 41

BSL 1B.subtilis(dry heat QC), E.coli

Question 42

BSL used when theres risk of sharp injury, ingesting, mucous membrane-biohazard signs, sharps precautions,manual-example microbes

Answer 42

BSL 2-S.aurea, Ecoli H157, Kpneumo, HBV/HIV

Question 43

Biosafety levelsBSL 1:-most common in lab, not likey issue-B.subtilis, E.coliBSL 2:-sharp/ingest/mucous route -warning signs/sharps, manual-Common pathogens: S.aureus, EcoliH157, Kpneumo, HBV/HIVBSL 3:-indigenous, serious/lethal, inhale-controlled access, decontamination-TB, Brucella, Y.petis, anthracis, C.immitisBSL 4: -most letal, no vaccine/treatment, aerosol-virus: eboal, lassa, marburg

Answer 43

.

Question 44

Chlorine, propane, nitrous oxide, CO2 all examples of...

Answer 44

liquified compressed gas

Question 45

oxygen, nitrogen, helium, argon all examples of

Answer 45

nonliquified compressed gas

Question 46

acetylene example of

Answer 46

dissolved compressed gas

Question 47

Flashpt F/C..lowest temp a vapor of flammable liquid can be ignited into airexamples...keep in...

Answer 47

<100F/37.8Cacetone, ethanol, methanol, xyleneflammable liquid safety cabinet

Question 48

Environmental CTRLS:safety color coding...all usually color with black lettersRed code for, examples...Yellow code, example...Orange code, examples....

Answer 48

Environmental CTRLS:safety color coding...Red code for, examples...-fire, danger, stop: fire pull, biomed)Yellow code, example...-caution: radiationOrange code, examples....-warning: biohazard, infectious agent(fluoursecent orange)

Question 49

NFPA color coded labels recommended by OSHA..red diamond:yellow diamond:blue diamond:white diamond:

Answer 49

NFPA color coded labels recommended by OSHA..red diamond: fire-0=won't burn, 4=flashpt <73Fyellow diamond: reactivity-0=stable, 4=detonateblue diamond: health-0=normal, 4=deathwhite diamond: specific-ACID, ALK, COR, OXY-radioactive, use no water

Question 50

Class Fires/Extinguishers how many classes

Answer 50

4, A-D

Question 51

Class fire/extinguisher with combustible metals...examples of metals..

Answer 51

Class D combustible metalsMg,Li,Na, Kyellow decagon, no #

Question 52

Class fire/extinguisher with energized electrical equipment...examples..

Answer 52

Class C energized electrical equipanalyzers, wiring, outletsblue circlen no #

Question 53

Class fire/extinguisher with ordinary combustible..examples..

Answer 53

Class Apaper,wood,cloth, some rubber plasticgreen triangle, # is amt of water

Question 54

Class fire/extinguisher with flammable/combustible liquids..examples..

Answer 54

Class Bgases, greases, some rubber/plasticacetone,ethanol,methanol, xylenered square, # is sq ft can extinguish

Question 55

Fire/extinguisher acronyms...Fire acronym...Extinguisher acronym...

Answer 55

Fire: RACE to the fire-R: rescule-A: alarm, call operator-C: contain-E: extinguish or evacateExtinguisher: PASS the extinguisher-Pull the pin-Aim at base-Squeeze -Sweep side to side

Question 56

Regulates disposal of waste...DOT HMR used in most labs...

Answer 56

EPADOT HMR: cat B-not in form cause harm/fatal, triple packing

Question 57

Federal law defines min wage, OT, how to be paid...-exempt versus nonexempt:Law prohibits discriimination, Title 7:Law that prohibits discriminatin w/disabilities:Law that allow for continued health insurance when retire/resign/laid off/chage to PT...Law that protects health insurance when changing jobs and protects health info...

Answer 57

Federal law defines min wage, OT, how to be paid...Fair Labor Std Act-exempt: salary, nonexempt hourlyLaw prohibit discriimination,Title 7: Civil rightLaw that prohibits discriminatin w/disabilities: Americeans Disabilities actLaw that allow for continued health insurance when retire/resign/laid off/chage to PT...COBRA 18/36mthsLaw that protects health insurance when changing jobs and protects health info...-Health Insurance Portability and Accountablity Act