Serodeck_14196840 Flashcards
(336 cards)
1
Q
Person makes ab, immunized/infection, memory
A
active immunity
2
Q
ab transferred to, no memory
A
passive immunity
3
Q
nonspecific, no memoryskin,acid,PMNs, NK
A
Natural, innate
4
Q
specific, memoryT/B cells (cytokines,ab)
A
Adaptive, acquired
5
Q
Kind of immunity…viral,fungalintracellulartcell/lymphokinestype 4 delayed
A
cellular
6
Q
type of immunitybacteria,phagocytosis,extracellulartype 1(immediate)type 2(ADCC)type 3 immune complex
A
humoral
7
Q
4 things that make antigens more immunogenic
A
largecomplexprotein/polysaccharideforeign
8
Q
4 subclasses of IgG
A
IgG 1,2,3,4
9
Q
Immunoglobulin with highest concentration
A
IgG
10
Q
Concen immunoglobulins high to low
A
G>A>M>D>E
11
Q
Largest antibody
A
IgM
12
Q
Pentamer, Jchain, fixes complement the best,1st to appear in neonates
A
igM
13
Q
Immunoglobulin on mature cells
A
IgD
14
Q
Immunoglobulin type 1 hypersensitivity, histamines
A
IgE
15
Q
Monoclonal ab made by
A
immunizing mousecombining spleen cells w/myeloma cells
16
Q
Hybridoma
A
plasma cell fused w/myeloma cells,make monoclonal abs
17
Q
Most circulating lymphoid cells are… and are…%
A
Tcells, 80%
18
Q
5 T cell surface markers
A
CD…2,3,4, 8,25
19
Q
CD4 surface markers are… and release…
A
T helper, cytokines
20
Q
CD3 surface markers are
A
associated w/TCR
21
Q
CD2 surface markers
A
rosette w/SRBCs
22
Q
2 Tcell surface markers that are regulatory cells that suppress immune response
A
CD4,25
23
Q
CD8 is
A
cytotoxic
24
Q
3 surface markers on B cells
A
CD 19,20,21
25
2 markers for NK cells
CD 16,56
26
cells that kill virus infected and tumor cells
NK
27
Normal T:B cell ratio
8:1
28
Normal T helper:Tcyto ratio
2:1
29
AIDs T helper:Tcyto
1:2
30
which pathway initiated by immune complexes (IgG/IgM)
classical
31
What consists of 21 proteins that controls inflammation, activates phagocytosis, opsonizes
complement
32
In complement what is the major chemotatic agent
C5a
33
classical complement proteins and order of binding
C: 1,4,2,3
34
Most abundant complement protein in both pathways
C3
35
Alternative complement is activated by
lipopolysaccharides, polysaccharides
36
Proteins involved in alternative pathway
C3Factors B/D, H/I
37
complement proteins of MAC
C56789
38
Name of soluble ag+ab forms lattice and visibe precipitate forms
precipitation
39
Double diffusion(ouchterlony),Single diffusion (radial),Immunoelectrophoresis,Immunofixation All are what kinds of rxns
precipitation
40
antigen excess is called
postzone
41
antibody excess is called
prozone
42
IgE mediated, histamine(Bee sting,hay fever,asthma) all are what type of hypersensitivity rxns
Type 1, anaphylatic, immediate
43
Ab-ag, Transfusion rxn,AIHA, Hashimoto, Goodpasture all are what type of hypersensitivity rxn
Type 2, ab-dependent cytotoxicity
44
immune complexes, RA, SLE, serum sickness all are what type hypersensitivity
Type 3 immunie complex
45
Type 2 is
antibody dependent
46
Type 1 is
anaphylatic, immediate
47
Type 3 is
immune complex
48
Type 4 is
delayed
49
TB, contact dermatitis, GVHD all are what type of hypersensitivity
Type 4 delayed
50
Two skin tests for allergyq
RIST,RAST
51
What test for IgE
ELISA
52
Eos/IgE in what type of hypersensitivity
Type 1, anaphylatic, immediate
53
natural active immunity seen in
infection
54
natural passive immunity seen in
maternal ab
55
2 primary lymphoid organs
thymusbone marrow
56
What type of immunity with skin,mucous,BF
natural
57
what kind of immunity with vaccines
specific immunityartificial active
58
adaptive immunity w/ab is called
humoral immunity
59
immunity inside infected cells
cell mediated
60
Plasma protein that activates complement systme of innate
properdin
61
enzyme that catalyzes destruction of cell walls of bacteria
lysozyme
62
signal protein release by cells due to virus
interferon
63
Subtance that stimulates cell locomotion/migration
chemotactic factor
64
Cell that kills tumor cells nonspecifically
NK
65
Have receptors that are specific for a tumor/microbe
cytotoxic cells
66
Combines to larger carriers to elicit immune response but doesn't elicit on its own
hapten
67
Enhances immune response
adjuvant
68
molecule that can elicit an immune response
immunogen
69
3 secondary lymphoid organs
spleen,tonsils,lymph nodes
70
Which 2nd lymph organs respond to antigens by making lymphocytes and plasma cells
lymph nodes contain WBCSspleen makes WBCs,ab
71
cell that specifically kills tumor cells/virally infectedneeds exposure
T cytotoxic
72
cell nonspecifically kills tumorinnate/no need exposure
NK
73
Phagocytosis is main function of what cell
PMNs
74
Genes that control expresson of HLA antigens are called
MHCmajor histocompatibility complex
75
3 Class I gene products
HLAA,B,C
76
5 Class II gene productspresent antigen outside of the cell of T lymphs
HLAD-M,O,P,Q,R
77
Ab increases during convalescence phase(symptoms disappear, return to normal)
IgG
78
Ig...best precipitinsoluble ag/specific ab
IgG
79
Ig..best agglutinin
IgM
80
has 4 subclasses
IgG
81
Ig...dimer
IgA
82
2 Ig...monomer
IgG, E
83
Ig...pentamer
IgM
84
2 Ig have Jchain
IgM, A
85
complement are heat...
labile
86
complement acts as an...and end result of complement is...
opsonincell lysis
87
Which ab bind complement
IgG/M
88
First component to bind to immunoglobulin in recognition phase of complementcan bind bacteria,ab,CRP
C1q
89
Proteases of complement that don't bind/aren't active
Clr/s
90
Complement component that is chemotactic and anaphylatoxicis released to recruit phagocytes
C5a
91
Factor B,D and properdin is in what pathway
alternate
92
IgG ab binds to rbc and is reversible is called
sensitization
93
clumping ag w/ab after sensitization is called
agglutination (IgM best)
94
Antigen in agglutination inhibition is...which is bound to
Pt serumab reagent
95
Positive test for aggulutination inhibition
no aggglutionationPT has antigen(in serum) and reagent ab is bound to serum/antigen so it can't react with indicator
96
Negative test for agglutination inhibition
agglutinationPT doesn't have antigen in serum, and reagent ab isn't bound thus reacting w/indicator
97
Two examples of agglutionation inhibition tests
hemaggutination inhibition (rubella)latex agglutination inhibition (viruses)
98
complement fixation positive test is
no hemolysisno C available, complement is fixed, not available to combine w/indicator (SRBC coated w/antiSRBC)
99
complement fixation negative test
hemolysiscomplement not bound, reacts w/indicator(SRBC/antiSRBC)
100
What type of rxn/test is ab-ag combined in presence of complement to see if hemolysis occursdetects IgM ab w/sheep RBC/antiSRBC/hemolysin
complement fixation (CF)
101
single immunodiffusion also called
radial immunodiffusion (RID)
102
Rxn where diffusion occures and a ring of precipitate forms on an agar plate with ab where serum/standards are added
Radial immunodiffusion(RID)Single immunodiffusion
103
Fahey(kinetic) and Mancini(end pt) are what kind of tests
RID/immunodiffusion/precipitaition
104
Another name for double diffusion
Ouchterlony
105
Test used to determine relationship between ag-ab Ab is added around ab well and diffussion occurs with precipitation bandsConcentration and rate of diffusion dictates location of bandsUsed to id ab w/autoimmune disorders
doulbe diffusion/ouchterlony
106
Double diffusion pattern that fuse together is
identity
107
double diffusion patter than intersect are
nonidentity
108
double diffusion patterns that parially intersect are
partial identity
109
Test where ab-ag diffuse thru agar after serum proteins are electrophoresed on agar
immunoelectrophoresis (IEP)
110
Serum IEP can detect
monoclonal gammopathies
111
urine IEP can dectect
Bence Jones protein or free light chains
112
protein electrophoresis plus immunoprecipitation is called
immunofixation
113
Immunofixation is used to classify
monoclonal gammoopathies/determine heavy and light chains
114
name of test where ab-ag migrate toward each other and forms precipitate
countercurrent immunoelectrophoresisCIE
115
Two examples of RIA, radioimmunoassay
RIST, RAST
116
Which RIA measures total IgE
RISTradioimmunosorbent test
117
which RIA measures IgE to specific allergens
RASTradioallergosorbent test
118
Which test is a sanwhich tecnique with ab on solidPT serum addedenzyme labeled abenzyme substrate
EIA/ELISA enzyme immunoassay
119
HIV/Serum HcG/hepatitis mreausred by
EIA/ELISA
120
EMIT measuresenzyme multiplied immunoassay
small molecules like drugs, hormones
121
Positive EMIT is
color
122
Negative EMIT is
no color
123
Test where insoluble complexes reflects scattered light
nephleometry
124
ANA and FTA-Abs can be tested with
immunofluorescencefluorescein labeled ab
125
Positive FPIA
reduction of polarized light
126
negative FPIA
increased polarized light
127
FPIA stands for
Fluorescence polarization immunoassay
128
Time frame to test for infectious disease
acute and convalescent specimens 2weeks apart
129
Clinically sig titer for infectious disease is
4-fold or 2 tube rise
130
Ability of test to detect very small amount of a substancwe
sensitivity
131
ability of test to give positive result if PT has the disease-less false neg
sensitivity
132
ability of test to detect substance without interference from cross reacting substances
specificity
133
ability of test to give neg result if PT does not have disease-less false pos
speficity
134
Name of principle where if person has ab to virus, the virus on the RBCs added will be neutralized and inhibit agglutination
hemaaglutination inhibition
135
ab of allergically hypersensitive people
reagin
136
fusing B lymphs w/a plasma myeloma cell is how you make
monoclonal ab
137
binding strength of single sitesingle antigenic determinent + individual ab
affinity
138
total binding strength, multivalent ag-b
avidity
139
one dimensional single electroimmunodiffusion also called
rocket electrophoresisLAUREL
140
fluorochrome that gives less false reading
fuoresceinisothiocyanate
141
fluorochrome gives off red at 580nm
tetra-methylthodamineisothicyanate
142
The nontreponemal antigens in syphilis are
cardiolipin and lecithin
143
The VDRL antigens are
cardiolipin and lecithin
144
Nontreonemal antibody
reagin
145
Ab-ag rxn in VDRL test is what type
flocculation
146
Which requires heat inactivation, VDRL or RPR
VDRL
147
antigens for RPR
cardiolipin + charcoal
148
reactive RPR forms
black clumps
149
two nontreponemal tests/reagin tests
VDRL/RPR
150
Reiter strain serves as a .... in FTA-ABS
absorbent, removes nonspecific ab
151
In FTA-ABS, what strain is used with serum after absorbed off
Nichols
152
Name of test1.)Absorb ab, Reiter2.)At Nichols, serum3.)label, fluorescein
FTAfluorescent treponemal ab absorption
153
most sensitive tests for syphillis
FTS-ABS and EIisa
154
Not reactive in primary,secondary syphillis in which test
MHA-TP
155
Test name that detects treponemal abremove nonspecific ab w/sorbent, react serum w/Nichols strain of pallidium, add fluorecein label
FTA-ABsfluorescent treponemal ab absorptoin test
156
Test you add live treponemes to PT serum
TPItreponema pallidium immobilization testp
157
positive TPI
treponemes immobilized
158
MHA-TP used to detect
ab to T.pallidium
159
in MHA TP what is PT serum added to
SRBCs sensitized w/T.pallidum
160
positive MHA TP
agglutination, ab
161
TP-PA uses what kind of particles
gellatin
162
Which microflocculation test is screen for CSF syphillis
VDRL
163
Whici microflocculation test for syphillis does not require heat
RPR
164
Virus that causes infectious mononucleosis
EBVepstein barr virus
165
What does the screen for EBV test for
heterophile ab
166
What is a positive rxn for EBV using the screening rapid diff slide test
greater agg in kidney absorbed cells
167
What are the indicator cells for the EBV screen rapid diff slide test
Sheep, RBCs
168
What is the confirmation test for EBV
Tests for ab such as ELISA, CLIA
169
In CLIA test to confirm EBV, what stage of infection is it when there is a presesnce of IgG/IgM + anti-VCA in absense of anti-EBNA
current or recent
170
anti-VCA IgM/IgGanti-EAanti-EBNA all are antibodies to what virus
EBV
171
Anti-EBNA and IgG anti-VCA w/out IgM anti-VCA indicate what stage of infection of EBV
past
172
Name 5 streptococal ag
streptolysin, streptokinaseDNase, NADaseHyaluronidase
173
Streptozyme test:Kind of rxn, what it tests for, reagent used
hemagglutionationtests for abSRBC
174
Name of specific neutralizaton test for antibody made in group A strep infection
Anti-DNase B test
175
What is a positve rxn in the anti-DNase B test
green color
176
Test name where strep abs prevent the lysing of group O rbcs by neutralizing
Anti-streptolysin O neutralization test
177
What indicates presence neutralizing ab in the anti-strepolysin O neutralizing test
Dilution of last tube shows no hemolysis
178
Name of reciprocal of dilution of last tube in anti-streptolysin O neutralization test
Todd units
179
Two tests for strep A antigens
LFA Molecular testing for DNA
180
What is used to screen for HIV-1 ab
ELISA
181
2 ways to Confirmation for HIV
Western blotNucleic acid testing
182
Name of retrovirus that attackes CD4 cells
HIV-1
183
Cause of CMV
herpes virus
184
Testing for CMV
ELISA
185
HepB serology involved in acute phase
HBsAg, HBeAg
186
Hep B serology involved in early recovery
anti-HBc IgM
187
Hep B serology involved in recovery, immunity
anti-HBc totalanti-HBsanti-HBe
188
Hep A serology recent infection
anti-HAV IgM
189
Order of Hepatitis B ag/ab
HBsAg, HBeAgantiHBc, antiHBe, antiHBs
190
Paul Bunnell heterophil ab test uses what type of rbc
sheep
191
Paul Bunnell heterophil ab used to detect
ab from IM
192
Forssman ab are absorbed by what kind of kidney antigen
guinea pig
193
Davidsohn diff test uses what kind of rbc
sheep and horse
194
Which antigen is the somatic antigen used to determine antigenic grouping of enteric bacteria
O
195
which antigen is the flagellar antigen
H
196
Widal test tests for what
Salmonella typhi
197
An elevated O titer in the Widal test indicates
increase in agglutinins to S.typhi
198
Weil-Felix test detects ab to
Rickettsia
199
Proteus,OX19-2, agglutination all have to do with what organism
rickettsia
200
What kinds of strains are OX19 and OX2 antigens
strains of Proteus vulgaris
201
Widal(typhoid) and Weil-Felix (Rikettsial) detect
febrile agglutinins
202
Francisella tularensis will cross react with
Brucella abortusF.t./B.a.
203
To diagnose aspergillosis, titer must be
1:512
204
India Ink is replacing what test...
cryptococcal antigen t est
205
What inferes w/crytococcal antigen latex agg test
RF
206
autoimmune disease where IgM/IgG ab are directed against Fc portion of IgG
RA
207
What type of hypersensitivity is RA, what is formed
Type 3 immune complexes
208
what does screening test, RF assay for RA detect
serum IgM
209
Confirmatory test for RA
anti-CCPcyclic citrullinated peptide
210
Screen test for autoimmune dieases
ELISA
211
Two tests for ANA are
ELISAIIFindirect immunofluorescence
212
Antinuclear antibodies are seen in what conditions
SLESjogrensSclerodermaRAMCTD
213
In IIF for ANA what cells are fixed to a slide
HEp2 cells
214
Disease where autoab to myelin sheath of nerves/myelin basic protein
MS
215
In MS, what kind of bands are in CSF but not in serum
oligoclonal IgG
216
Disease name in hyperthyroidism
Graves Disease
217
Disease where autoab are directed against TSH receptors (TSH-R)
Graves, hyperthyroidism
218
In Graves disease what are TSHs and T3/T4 levels
Low TSHIncreased T3/T4
219
3 ab elevated in Graves
TPOTSHR-ab/TR-AbTSI
220
Graves disease symptoms
anxiousweight loss goiter
221
Name of disease with hypothyroidism
Hashimotos thyroiditis
222
Autoab made against thyroglobulin
Hashimotos thyroiditis
223
In Hashimotos, what are the TSH levels
increased TSH
224
In Hashimotos, what ab are present
TPOTg/Tg-Ab
225
Symptoms of Hashimotos
TiredWeight gainintolerance to cold
226
IMBurkitts, Hodgkin'sCarcinomaLymproloferative all associated with
EBV
227
Lab finding in IM
Lymphocytosis>50%20% atypicalHetetophile abAb EBV ag
228
Name of ab formed against Forssman ag (discovered in guinea pig tissue)
Forssman hetetophile ab
229
IM hetetophile ab are usually Ig...Can react to which 3 rbcs...Absorbed by...Not absorbed by...
IgMHorse, sheep, ox rbcsAdsorbed by beef rbcNot adsorbed by guinea pig kidney cells
230
Name of test screens for hetetophile ab using titer of abIncubated with sheep RBCHighest dilution of agglutination
Paul Bunnell test
231
Paul Bunnell test titer needs to be
>56
232
Performed when Paul Bunnell is >56
Davidsohn diff test
233
True false, Paul Bunnell diff between hetetophile ab
False
234
Test that diff hetetophile ab, uses sheep RBC
Davidsohn diff test
235
Sig titer in Davidsohn
>224
236
Which cells are used in Davidsohn diff test...
Guinea pig kidney cellsBeef rbc
237
Which cells removes Forssman and serum sickness ab..Which cells are agglutinated by them...
Removed by Guinea pig kidney cellsAgglutination by beef
238
Which cells remove serum sickness and IM ab...Which cells agglutinate them
Beef rbcs remove IM abGuinea agglutinate IM ab
239
Ab adsorbed by only guinea kidney cells not beef rbc
Forssman abThus not able to agg the guinea kidney
240
Ab adsorbed by both guinea and beef
Serum sickness, thus not able to agg either
241
Ab adsorbed by only beef not guinea
IM, thus not able to agg beef
242
Adsorption Fossman, Serum, IM
Adsorbed on...Fossman: guinea pig kidneyIM: beef rbcSerum sickness: both
243
Agglutination: Fossman, Serum, IM
Agglutination Fossman: beef rbcIM: guinea pigSerum sickness: none
244
2 EBV antigens in early acute phase
EAR, EAD (restricted,nuclear)(diffuse, nucleus, cytoplasm)
245
2 EBV late phase antigens
VCA (viral capsid)MA (membrane)
246
2 latent phase antigens EBV
EBNALMP
247
PT sero neg, lacks ab to VCA they are
Susceptible to EBV
248
Has IgM to VCA, EBNA absentHigh IgG VCA is what stage of infection
Primary infection
249
Ab to EBNA, increased EA ab what stage of EBV
Reactivation
250
Ab to VCA and EBNA what stage
Past infection
251
E-rosette test used to enermurate
T lymphs
252
Disease that is hypersensitive to gliadin/gluten
Celiac disease/sprue
253
4 ab to test for celieac
tTG IgA,GEMA-IgAAGA-IgG
254
2 HLA markers in all celiac
HLA-DQ 2, 8
255
Disease where autoab directed against TSH receptors
Graves
256
Disease where autoab directed against basement mebrane of kidney and lungs
Goodpastures
257
Disease where autoab directed against thyroglobulin
Hashimotos
258
Disease where autoab directed against myeline sheath of nerves or myelin basic protein
MS
259
Disease where autoab directed against acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular joints
MGmyasthenia gravis
260
Disease where IgM autoab directed against Fc portion of IgG
RA
261
Disease where autoab directed against salivary duct,tear duct
SJogrens syndrome
262
ANA centromere pattern associated with
CREST
263
Nucleolar ANA pattern associated with these two diseases
SclerodermaCTD connective tissue
264
SLE ANA patterns
Peripheral(rim)Homogenous(diffuse)
265
What is used in diagnosing, determining progression, choosing drugs, monitoring diseases
tumor markers
266
Tumor markers tested using
ELISA
267
AFP, Alpha Fetoprotein associated with these 3 cancers/organs
liverovary, testes
268
CEA, carcinoembryonic ag associated with these three cancer/organs
colonbreastlung
269
CA 15-3 associated with this cancer/organ
breast
270
4 Breast tumor markers
CA-15-3CEABR 27-29Estsrogen/Progesterone receptors
271
2 ovary tumor markers
CA 125AFP
272
CA 125 what organ/tumor marker
ovary
273
CA 19-9 what organ/tumor marker
pancreas
274
2 testes/testicular markers1 prostate
HCGAFPPSA
275
Beta-2 microglobulin marker for
MM, CLL
276
Disease with ineffective phagocytosis, defect in neutrophils thus recurrent bacterial infections
CGDchronic granulomatous
277
Disease with impaired neutrophil function
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
278
T cell deficiency disease, no thymus
DiGeorge's syndrome
279
Decreased TH, TH/TS ratio/Tcell proliferation
HIV
280
Partial combined immunodef, thrombocytopenia at birth
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
281
Complete or marked def of T and B
SCIDsevere combined immunodef
282
Name of test where dilute serum is added to latex coated AHG to detect ag against IgG
RF latex slide test
283
Which test...detects IgM, positive doesn't agg, is a screen, and synovial fluid can be a source
RF factor latex
284
Anti-RNP indicates
Mixed connective tissue disease
285
Ab to proteins in centromere of chromosome indicates...
CREST
286
anti-dsDNA or anti-histone indicates these two diseases...ANA pattern of...
SLEdrug induced lupusHomogenous/diffuse
287
anti-ds DNA highly suggestive of...has a ANA pattern of...
SLEPeripheral/rim
288
Anti-RNA, anti-ENA has what ANA pattern...Associated w/most but not...
speckelednot CREST
289
2 Scleroderma ANA patterns
Nucleolarspeckled
290
connective tissue ANA pattern
nucleoloar
291
RA ANA pattern
speckled
292
2 SLE pattern
peripheral/rim, homogenous/diffuse
293
Anti-I ab seen in present infections with what ogranism
Mycoplasma penumoniae
294
After infection with Myco pneumo, what forms
cold agglutinins
295
Acute/chronic infection HB ag
HBsAg, HBeAg
296
Vaccinated HB ab
anti-HBs
297
early recovery HB...recovery HB...
early: antiHBcIgMrecovered: antiHBc,HBs,HBe
298
HSV that can cause urogenital infections/genital herpes...which one more common in genital herpes
HSV 1,2HSV 2 is 90% of genital herpes
299
HSV more related to sex, mom passing on, genital
HSV 2
300
HSV more related to oral, break in skin
HSV 1
301
HSV 3 is which virus
varicella zoster virus
302
How to type HSV with high specificity
ELIAA
303
Serotype HSV with
DFAdirect fluoresecent ab
304
Cause of chicken pox, spread thru respiratory, spreads to blood, skin and lays dormant in nerves
Varicella zoster virus
305
Latent varicella zoster turns into
Herpes Zoster, shingles
306
Serological test for VZV
ELIAA
307
CMV is diagnosed serologically by detecting
IgM and IgG ab
308
IgM ab with 4 fold increased in IgG indicates what stage of CMV
active
309
IgG, no IgM ab indicates what stage of disease in CMV
inactive
310
Which virus attacks monos/grans/lymphs/episis spread by STI, tranplant tissue, thru placenta
CMV
311
Why is indirect immunofluorescence not a great test for CMV
Has false positives
312
Screening test for immunity to rubella
IgG ab
313
Serological test for rubella, VZV, HSV, and T.gondii
ELIAAenzyme linked immunosorbent assay
314
Serological test for T.gondii is called
ELIAAIgG, IgE
315
Mantoux skin/TB test type of hypersensitivity
Type 4 delayed
316
Type III rxn due to
immune complexes
317
Type II due to
antibody, transfusion, AIHA
318
Type I due to
anaphylactic
319
Ataxia telangiectasia
Louis bargenetic, nervous, immuneataxia
320
Brutons aggamaglobulinemia
sex linked immunodef, absense of plasma cells thus lack of ab made
321
Tcell subset enumeration by flow cytometry can be used in what syndrome
DiGeorgethey have no thymus, tcell def
322
West nile caused by
arbovirus, bite from mosquito (female culex) that feed on birds
323
Virus that Can attach immune cells, can make BBB more impermeable
WNV
324
Serologic method for WNV
IgM ab
325
Giardia common in
water, water parks, vegetables
326
Diagnositc forms of Giardia
in fecesinfective is cysttroph
327
Diagnosis Giardia thru 3 ways
fecal ag test, EIA/direct IFAexamine stool cyst/trophbiopsy troph
328
Lyme diease caused by vector/organism
ticks, Borrelia
329
2 step testing Serological testing for Lyme
1.)EIA2.)Western blot
330
Tick that spreads B.Burgdorferi
Ixodes tick, deer
331
Which Borrelia is in US and causes lyme disease
B.Burgdorferi
332
Serological diagnosis of Lyme
ELISA
333
Crytosporidium parvum infectious stage
sporulated oocyst
334
How is C.parvum transmitted
oocyst is ingested from fecal contam food etcdiarrhea, AIDs
335
Testing for C.parvum
PCR, Antigen, NAATStool not so sensitive, acid fast stain
336
Cryptococus
soil, pidgeon droppingsinhalationnarrow based buddingindia ink, halos formlatex agg test for ag PCAAIDs,lung infections, meningitis
