AABMicro2.7.24 Flashcards
1
Q
TSA w/sheep blood, diff w/hemolysis, most nonfastidious bacteria
A
SBA Sheep blood agar
2
Q
Isolation of Haemophilus and Neisseria, factors X &V, incubated at increased CO2But best for…Neisseria gonnerhea better on…
A
CHOC, chocolate agarBetter for HaemophilusBest for gonnerhea and meningitis is modified thayer martin
3
Q
CHOC supplies which factors and is incubated with increased what?
A
X, V, increased CO2
4
Q
colistin-nalidixic acid agar, CNAisolates…suppresses…
A
isolates GPsuppresses GN
5
Q
PEAisolates for … and …inhibits
A
isolates GPC and anaerobic GNRinhibits enteric GNR
6
Q
PEA
A
Phenyl ethyl alcohol agar
7
Q
CNA
A
colistin-nalidixic acid agar
8
Q
EMB
A
eosin methylene blue
9
Q
EMB, isolates…inhibits….LF are … To … E.coli what kind of color…
A
isolates enteric GNRinhibits GPLF are green-black to purpleE.coli have a green metallic sheen
10
Q
MACisolates…inhibits…LF color…
A
isolates enteric GNRinhibits GP
11
Q
bile salts and crystal violet that inhibit most GP are in what medium
A
MAC
12
Q
SMACsorbitol MacConkey isolates……doesn’t ferment sorbitol and are colorless
A
E.coli 0157:H7
13
Q
4 medias for isolation of salmonella and shigella
A
SS, HE, XLD, GN
14
Q
Hektoen enteric (HE) isolates these twoinhibits
A
Salmonella and shigellainhibits normal GI flora
15
Q
XLD
A
xylose lysine deoxycholate
16
Q
Cold loving, optimum temp 15C
A
psychrophiles
17
Q
moderate temp, 37C most pathogenic organisms
A
mesophiles
18
Q
heat loving, 50-60C
A
thermophiles
19
Q
obligate anaerobes are harmed by
A
O2
20
Q
Facultative anaerobes can grow…
A
with or w/out O2
21
Q
microaerophiles prefer
A
lower O2
22
Q
capnophiles prefer
A
higher CO2
23
Q
Aerotolerant
A
do not need O2, and not hurt by it
24
Q
Typical incubation CO2% temp/name of ideal temphumidity
A
5-10% CO235-37C/98.6F/optiumum50-70% humidity
25
Autoclave lbs, mins, temp
15lbs, 15min, 121C
26
QC for wet sterilization/autoclave
Bacillusstearothermophilus
27
Two halogens that are disinfectants
idoine and chlorine
28
Process that inactivates or inhibits microbes (not spores)and example
disinfectionBleach (1:10)
29
Process that kills all microbes including sporesand examples
sterilizationautoclaves
30
Penicillin
beta lactaminhibits cell wells
31
Gram neg anaerobe resistant to peniciilin
B.fragilis
32
Two antibiotics best indicators for poor disk storage
penicilin and methicillin
33
Vancomycin is drug of choice for these two microbes
C.difficile and MRSA
34
Vancomycin is a
glycopoeptide
35
Kirby-Bauer Method uses what agar
MHMueller-Hinton
36
McFarland is what concentration and how many organisms
0.510*8
37
MIC
minimum inhibitory concentrationlowest concentration that prevents growthfirst dilution w/no growth
38
MBC
minimum bacteristatic concentrationlowest concentration results in >99.9% killing
39
E-test
MIC on a stick
40
Modified Thayer-Martin good for these two
N.gonorrhea and N.meningitis
41
Thayer Martin media is what kind of agar
enriched chocolate
42
Difference between TM and Modified and what does modified inhibit
MTM has trimethroprim lactate which inhibits swarming of Proteus
43
Middlebrook 7H10 and Lowenstein-Jenson good forWhich one best for observing microscopically
MycobacteriumMiddlebrook 7H11
44
Species for QC of dry heat oven
B.subtilis
45
BBE good for
B.fragilisBacteroides Bile Esculin
46
CCFA Cycloserine-Cefoxitinfor
C.difficile
47
Regan-Lowe andBordet-Gengou for...which one preferred...
B.pertussisRegan-Lowe preferred
48
BCYEbuffered charcoal yeast extract for
Legionella
49
Cystine-Tellurite, Tinsdale and Loefflers Medium
C.diphtheriae
50
Never refridgerate these 3
CSF, anaerobic and GC
51
Blood culture preped with...draw before...dilution/ml
prep with alcohol, iodinedraw before fever spike1:10 dilution, 10mL
52
2 Stains for acid fast/mycobacteriabest of the two...
Kinyoun and Ziehl-NielsonKinyoun
53
Calcofluor white stains...KOH is used to...
stains yeast/fungiKOH breaks down debris and mucous
54
Gram stainprimary stain, decolorizer, mordant and counterstain
Crystal violetacohol/acetoneiodinesafranin
55
JEMBEC plates used to
transport and grow N.gonorrhoeae
56
Modified Thayer-Martin, Martin LewisNYC, GC-LECT,JEMBEC isolate
N.gonorrhoeae and meningitidis
57
Two species of enterobacteriaceae that are nonmotile
shigella and klebsiella
58
Species of enterobacteriaceae that is both motile and nonmotile at diff temps
Yersinia motile at 25/RT, not at 35
59
Two genuses that form spore
Bacillus and clostridium
60
Disinfectant for walls/floors that doesn't kill spores/myco/noneveloped
quarternary ammoniums
61
Phenol
disinfectant, doesn't kill spores
62
2% aqueous glutaraldehyde
used when items can't be sterlized by heatcold sterlization
63
Sodium polyanethod sulfonate (SPS)
used to grow bacteria by preventing clotting, phagocytosis and bactericial effects
64
Urethral contamination of urine is greather than Squamous epis/hpf
10
65
Resistance to penicillin should be tested for
beta lactamase production
66
beta-lactamase test that uses nitrocefin and there is hydrolysis of the beta lactim ring resulting in red color
Chromogenic cephalosporin metodor Nitrocefin test
67
Tests beta lactamase w/penicillin-pheno red substrate leading to color change from red to yellow to penicilloic acid
Acidimetric method
68
Test for beta lactamase where betalactamse hydroyze penicillin G and reduce iodine, resulting in fading of blue to colorless
Iodometric method
69
Potassium tellurite used to id
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
70
Potassium tellurite inhibits...color of C.diph
gp/gn nornal floragray black
71
Loeffler serum agar enhances these two things for C.diph
pleomorphism and metachromatic granules
72
Elek test detects toxin for
C.diph
73
TCBSthiosulfate citrate bile salts used for
Vibrio
74
2 kinds of alpha heme
s.pneumoviridians
75
3 kinds of beta heme
Group A, BL.mono
76
1 gamma heme
enterococci
77
GPC resistant to bacitracin
Staph
78
Cause of toxic shock and food poisoning
S.aureus
79
Staph that is nonheme and common cause of hospital aquired UTI
S.epi
80
staph that is mostly novobiocin sensitive
CNS
81
Antibiotic disk that diff between CNS and S.saproS.Sapro versus CNS susceptibility
NovobiocinAll CNS suspectible to Novobiocinexcept S.sapro is resistant
82
Strain of CNS that is resistant to novobiocin
S.sapro
83
Pigmented, high domed large GPC
micrococcus
84
Test that diff staph versus strep
catalase
85
Mannitol salt agar, MSA selects for
S.aureus, pos
86
90% of strep, cause of rheumatic fever, scarlet fever
Group A StrepS.pyogenes
87
Strep that is sensitive to BacitracinHow many units on disks
Group A strepS.pyogenes0.02-0.04
88
Strep NF of female genital and cause of neonatal issues
Group B strepS.agalactiaae
89
Diff Group A from B with what antibiotic...which one is which
BacitracinGroup A is sensitiveGroup B is resistant
90
Strep that is hippurate poss and CAMP pos (shows arrowhead)
group B strepS.agalactiae
91
beta Strep that is PYR pos
Grp A strep
92
Non heme strep that causes nosocomial UTI and hydrolyzes esculin
Group D Strepnonenterococci
93
two examples of Group D strep
S.bovis, S.gallolyticus
94
Used to be called strep, alpha/non heme, hydrolyzes esculin and grows in NaCL
enteroccouccus
95
Two oval GPC organisms that can cause nosocomial UTI, is in GI, and hydrolyze esculin
Group D and enterocccocci
96
What diff Group D and enterococci
Enterococcus grows in NaCl
97
GPC lancet shaped, alpha heme, encapsulated normal in uppper respiratory
S.pneumo
98
Strep that is sensitive to Optochin
S.pneumo
99
P disk is called
Optochin
100
Strep that is sensitive to optochin and is bile soluble
S.pneumo
101
2 Tests that diff S.pneumo from viridiansWhich one is pos for both
optochin and bile solubilityS.pneumo posviridians neg
102
Group F
microaerophillicS.milleri
103
GPC that has butterscotch odor
microaerophillics.milleri
104
Large GPC that are nonpatho, in environment/skin, pigmented and microdase pos
micrococcus
105
Antibiotic that will kill MRSA
Vancomycin
106
Two genera with GN dipplococci and oxidase pos
Neisseria, Moraxella
107
GNDC coffee bean shaped, oxidase pos,
Neisseria
108
GNDC that ferments glucose only
N.gonn
109
GNDC that is uppe respir, ferments both glucose and maltose
N.meningitidis
110
GNDC of upper respiratory in kids, ferments all glucose, maltose and lactose
N.lactamica
111
Organism that causes upper respiratory, otitis media, hockey puck colonies
M.cattarhalis
112
GNDC that is neg for sugars, DNase pos, butyrate esterase pos
M.catarrhalis
113
2 oxidase pos GNDC genera
N.mening,gonnM.catt
114
GNDC needs Co2, 48hrs to grow, ferments glucose only
N.gonn
115
N.mening transmitted by...seen mostly in...ferments these two sugars...
respiratory dropskidsglucose, maltose
116
These two test diff M.cat from Neisseria
DNase posbutyrate esterase pos
117
M.cat seen in...
resp infections
118
spore forming GP rods
bacillus
119
4 nonspore forming GP rods
CLENCorynebacteriumListeriaErysipelothrixNocardia
120
CLEN acronym for nonspore forming GP rods
CorynebacteriumListeriaErysipelothrixNocardia
121
Gram variable/pos with clue cells, bacterial vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis
122
GPR that appears as chinese letters and has metachromatic granules
Corynebaceriumdiphtheriae
123
Which medium will help enhance metachromic granules in C.diphtheriae
Loefflers
124
Which GPR has metachromatic granules on Loefflers
C. diphtheriae
125
Elek test tests for...in what organism
toxin productionC.diphtheriae
126
Ingrient in Tinsdale agar and color change due to its hydrolysisorganism diff on this
telluriteblackC.diphtheriae
127
GPR with tumbling motility/umbrella motility at RT
L.monocytogenes
128
GPR with test tube brush growth in gelatin and cause of occupational infections for fisherman etc
Erysipelothrixrhuiopathiae
129
GPR spores, ground glass
Bacillus
130
Bamboo shoots, medusa head
B.anthracis
131
Bacillus that causes food poisoning due to fried rice toxin
B.cereus
132
Most Bacillus are motile except for
B.anthracis
133
GPR on skin/mucous, club shaped
Corynebacterium
134
GPR grows on Loeffler, has metachromic granules, has TOX gene
Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae
135
GPR that is hospital acquired, most commonly isolated diphtheroid
C.jeikeium
136
GPR that can cause issues in newborns and food poisoning
L.mono
137
GPR causing skin/lung infections and has sulfur granules
Nocardia
138
Nocardia that causes skin infectionsq
N.brasiliensis
139
Nocardia that causes lung infections
N.asteroides
140
What diff L.mono fron diptheroids/corynebacterium
motility
141
Another name for metachromatic granules
Babes-Ernst granules
142
Potassium tellurite inhibits...
normal flora so that C..diph can grow
143
GP to Gvariable cocco bacillius that can be grown in cold enrichment
L.mono
144
Diptheroid that is NF in throat
C.pseudo-diphtheriticum
145
Two tests to diff L.mono from Corynebacteriumwhich one pos/neg
motility and salicinL.mono: motile, salicin +Cory: nonmotile, salicin -
146
What stain does mycobacteria use
acid fast, Kinyoun
147
NALC and NaOH do what for mycobacteria
NALC liquefyNaOH digest/decontaminate
148
Mycobacteria need to be incubated with...at...
with 5% CO2, at 35C
149
Two mediums for mycobacteria, which one clear and can examine microscopically
Middlebrook 7H11: clear plateLowenstein-Jensen: green slant
150
Tween 80 test diff and is pos inpos turns...neg is...
Myco kansasiipink/redamber
151
What can distinguish M.tb from others
Nitrate and niacin
152
Niacin and nitrate can differentiate these two mycobacteria
M.tbM.bovis
153
M.tb is nicacin/nitate...M.bovis is niacin/nitrate...
tb is posbovis is neg
154
Arylsulfatase test diff what genusArylsulfatase is an enzyme that splits free phenolphthalein from the tripotassium salt of phenolphthalein disulfite. The test for the identification of .... species is performed in a tube containing a substrate of phenolphthalein.
mycobacterium
155
3 stains for acid fast
KinyounZiehl-NeelsenFluorochrome
156
Primary stain, decolorizer, and counterstain in Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelsen stains
Primary: carbolfuchsinDecolorizer: acid alcoholCounter: Methylene blue
157
Primary stain, decolorizer, and counterstain in Fluorochrome stain for acid fast
Primary: Auramine-rhodaminedecolorizer: acid alcoholCounter: potassium permanganate
158
Color of AFB on Kinyoun and Ziehl-Neelsen
red rods, blue backgroud
159
Which acid fast stain requires heat
Ziehl-Neelson
160
Which acid fast stain requires cold
Kinyoun
161
Diagnostic test and source for M.leprae
acid fast tissue
162
Hansens disease is also called
Leprosy
163
Macrophages w/acid fast bacilli
lepra cells
164
Lumpy jaw cause
A.israelii
165
Actinomyces israeli is ana or aero
anaerobic
166
GNR not NF, swimmers ear, Motile, grape like odorOxidase pos, cat pos
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
167
GNR bacterial diarrhea, seagulls, darting corkskrew motility
Campybacterjejuni
168
GNR ulcers, urea breath test
Helicobacter pylori
169
GNR TCBS, rice water stools, motile, comma shaped
Vibrio cholerae
170
GNCB upper respiratory, CHOC, can have capsules
H.influenze
171
Haemophilus pink eye
aegyptius
172
Haemophilus STD,chancroid, bipolar, schools of fish
ducreyi
173
Haemophilus that require both X and V
influenze, aegyptius
174
Haemophilus that requires only X (hemin)
ducreyi
175
H.parahaemolyticus and parainfluenzae requires which factor
V
176
GNR cause of trench fever, cat scratch disease
Bartonella
177
GNCB obligate intracellular parasiteinhalation; with undulant fever, unpasterized milk, animals, bioterrism
Brucella
178
GNCB tularemia/rabbit fever, level 3 pathogen
Francisella
179
GNR from air conditioners, Pontiact fever, BCYE (needs cytsteine)
Legionella
180
GNCB Pasterurella that is caused by bite/scratch, musty odor
multocida
181
Legionella that is brown on Feeley-Gorman iron cysteine agar
L.pneumophila
182
String test, positive result looks like
If the result is positive, the bacterial cells will be lysed by the sodium deoxycholate or Sodium taurocholate, the suspension will lose turbidity, and DNA will be released from the lysed cells causing the mixture to become viscous. A mucoid “string” is formed when an inoculating loop is drawn slowly away from the suspension.
183
String test diff these three genuses and also diff these two species
Vibrio spp. from Aeromonas spp. and Plesiomonas shigelloides.Vibrio cholerae (string test positive) from other Vibrio spp. (string test negative).
184
Vibrio that is yellow on TCBS, string test pos
Vibrio cholerae
185
Vibrios that are green on TCBS and cause bacteremia
parahemolyticus, vulnificus
186
The only Brucella that doesn't grow on basic fuchin, grows on thionin
suis (pigs)
187
The only Brucella that needs CO2, also thionin neg
abortus (cow)
188
The only Brucella that doesn't produce H2S
melentensis (goat)
189
Bordetella that is urease positive, oxidase positive
bronchiseptica
190
GN bipolar, plague, fleas/rats, safety pin
Yersenia pestis
191
HACEK all HACEK members are fastidious Gram-negative bacteria associated with infective endocarditis.Most HACEK are capnophilic, mouth flora, pathogenic in immunocompromised
HaemophilusActinobacillus/AggregatibacterCardiobacterium hominisEikenella corodensKingella kingae
192
Campylobacter is best in what atmospheric condition
obligate microaerophilliclikes chickens, 42C
193
obligate microaerophilliccurved GN rodgull wingedlikes monstly N
Campy
194
Campy gas mixture %O, CO2, N
85% N210% CO25% O2
195
curved GNR nonferment, microaerophillic, nitrate pos
C.jejuni
196
How to stain myco-plasma and urea-plasma
Dienes stainMycoplasma colonies can be identified by observing typical fried egg colonies on culture medium. Visualization is facilitated by application of Diene’s stain directly to the agar surface. Diene’s stain is a nonspecific stain that imparts a contrasting appearance to Mycoplasma colonies on agar. It allows easy visualization of colony morphology and characteristics.
197
Two genus of bacteria that are the smallest free living and have no cell wall
Myco-plasma and Urea-plasma
198
Cause of primary atypical pneumonia, walking pneumonia
M.pneumoniae
199
Which free living microbe has fried egg appearance
M.pneumoniea
200
How to stain and how to visiualize T.pallidum
silverdarkfield
201
Cause of syphilis
Treponoma pallidum
202
How is leptospira passed to humans
via animal urine
203
Borrelia that causes relapsing fever
B.reccurentis
204
Cause of Lyme diseasetransmitted by/vector
B.burgdorferiIxodes ticks
205
Chlamydiaceae, Rickettsia, Coxiella, and Ehrlichia all are
obligate intracellular parasites
206
Chlamydiaceae have no...in their cell walland are stained with...
peptidoglycanGiesma
207
Chlamydia species STD
trachomatis
208
Chlamydia with parrot fever
psittaci
209
Chlamydia ass. w/Guillian Barre and grown on HELA cells
pneumoniae
210
Test that uses Proteus OX antigens to detech rickettsial antibody
Weil Felix
211
5 Rickettsiae conditions
Rickettsial poxRocky Mt. Spotted FeverQ and murine fever Typhus fever
212
Q Fever is actually caused by this rickettsiael organism
Coxiella burnetti
213
PRAS
pre reduced anaerobically sterilizedmedia
214
Classic principle of anaerobic culture
Jar tech, palladium pelletsH2/CO2 w/waterindicators
215
GPR with double zone of beta, box car, gas gangrene, food
Clostridium perfringens
216
Clostridium that doesn't usually have spores
C.perfringens
217
Naegler test on egg yolk agar used for
C.perfringenspos/has lecithinase activity
218
Molar tooth, lumpy jaw GPR anarobe
Actinomyces israelii
219
Acceptable Anaerobic specimens
BF, Blood, Bile, BMasipirate, woundBiopsy, tissue
220
Unacceptable anaerobic specimens
swabssputum, washings, gastricvoided, catheterized urinefeces
221
Anaerobe that forms black, dark halos on BBE due to esculin hydrolysis
Bacteroides fragilis
222
Ideal atmosphere for anaerobes
80-90% N10% CO25%H
223
QC for anaerobes
O2 is color, white colorless no O2
224
1 GPC anaerobe1GNC anaerobe
GPC: Pep-GNC: Veillonella
225
Finegoldia magna, Peptostreptococcus, Peptoniphilus all are what kind of microbes
anaerobic GPC
226
4 GPR anaerobic
ClostridiumLactobacillusActinomycesPropionibacterium
227
Anaerobic GPR with molar tooth, affects brain/facw
Actinomyces
228
2 clostridium that have oval subterminal spores, 1 that may have
botulinumdifficile (perfringens may hay subterminal)
229
2 Clostridium with round terminal spore
tetani, ramosum
230
Anaerobic GPR antibiotic ass. diarrhea
C.difficile
231
Anaerobic GPR NF skin, acne
Propioni-bacterium
232
Anaerobic GPR NF mouth/female genital, lactic acid/pH
Lactobacillus
233
Anaerobic GNCNF upper, red flouresnce
Veillonella
234
Anaerobic GNR lung infection, tapered, fluoresence chartreuse/green yellow
Fusobacterium
235
Anaerobic GNR head,neck flurousence brick red
Prevotella
236
4 nonmotile
Shigella, Klebsiella (Enterobacteria)B.antracis (rest bacillus are motile)Yesenia nonmotile at 35
237
Tuft of flagela at polar end
Lophitrichous
238
Uniform flagella over body
Petitrichous
239
Amphitrichous
Tuft of flagella at both poles
240
Have capsules: Most are respiratory
Crypto neoKleb pneumoS.pneumoH.influN.memin
241
3 stains for metachromatic granules, best oneMAN
Methylene blue bestAlbertNeisser
242
Forms of sterilization
Autoclave 121, 15, 15Filtration Boiling Fractionalization Dry heatEthylene oxide gas
243
Gram stain ingredients
Crystal violetIodineEthyl alcohol Safranin
244
Ziel/kinyoun stain ingredients
Carbol fushin/phenolHCl/alcoholMethylene blue
245
Naso swabs used for these two
H.influN.mening
246
Urine cultureProcess time...Loop size, multiply by...Sig CFU...
1hr, 24hr fridge0.001ml, x1000>100,000 sig
247
Sputum stain, best sample req
Gram<10 epi, >25 PMN/lpf
248
ChromagarOxacillin, Cefoxitin used for
MRSA
249
Diff microccous from Strep
CatalaseMicrococcus cat pos
250
Staph epi from s.sapro
Novobiocin susceptible
251
Bacitracin susceptible PYR pos
GAS
252
Oxiase positive PVNM-CH
PseudomonasVibrio chNeisseriaM.cattCampyHeli,Haemo
253
Genital cultureTransport with these 2, AtCulture w/in, on
Transport modified Stuart's or Amies charcoal at RTCulture with in 12hrs on JEMBEC
254
Agar melts at, solidify at
Melts 100Solidify 45-50
255
Four ingredients in modified TMVCN, TL
VancomycinColistinNystatinTrimethoprim Lactate
256
Nitrocefin is a...Used to detect...Turns..
Chromogenic cephalosporinDetect cleavage of beta lactam ringRed
257
X factorV factor
X Hemin V NAD
258
Needs X,Vsatelitte phenomkidsmeningitis,epiglotitis
H.influe
259
Diff L.mono from GrpB strep
L.mono is motile and catalase pos
260
Two microbes that are CAMP and hippyrate pos
GrpBL.mono
261
Salicin used to diff these two.. which one pos
L.mono from Corynebacterium L.mono salicin pos
262
GPR partially acid fast, beaded, branching, filamentous. Urease positive
Nocardia
263
Curved Gram negative rod, sea-gull winged MicroaerophillicNeeds increased Nitrogen42C
Campylobacter
264
Campy reqAtmosphere, temp
Microaerophillic 85 N10 Co25 O42C
265
Aspects of enteriobacteriace
GNROxidase negativeCatalase posNitrate to nitriteMotile except for kleb,shig,yer Ferments glucose, acid
266
Selective media for S&S with bromthymol blue and acid fuchsin as indicators
HE
267
GPR, spores, nonmotileString of pearls w/penicillin, Medusa
B.anthracis
268
Urease +PUNCH
ProteusUrea-plasmaNocardiaCrytoneo,CorynebacHelipylori
269
Media where Mercury droplets can be seen in B.pertussis
Bordet gengou
270
E.Coli IMViC
++--
271
Kleb IMViC
- -++
272
Most common cause of UTI females
Ecoli
273
Selects with Crystal violet, bile salts....diff with lactose
MAC
274
Selects with eosin Y, methylene blue...diff w/sucrose and lactose
EMB
275
Selects with bile salts, diff lactose/sucrose/salicin and has H2S indicator
HE
276
What are clear and colorless on HE? What is clear with black dot?
Shigella clearsalmonella clear w/black dot
277
What color are NF from the intestine on HE
orange/pink
278
What is the H2S indicator in He, SS, and XLD
Sodium thiosulfate
279
selects with brilliant green, biles salts and diff with lactose and H2S
SS
280
Selects witih bile salts, diff with lactose/surcrose/xylose and H2S
XLD
281
Two enterobact that produce H2S
Salmonella and proteus
282
Enterobactero DNase pos and red
Serratia
283
Deaminate...Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called...
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule.deaminases.Deamination occurs in the presence of the deaminase enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of the bond that binds the amino group to the rest of the amino acid.
284
Deaminase pos: acronym Rapid urease pos: acronym
Deaminase: PPMProteusProvidenciaMorganellaUrease: PMProteus, Morganella
285
PPM are all pos/have these two enzymesProteusProvidenciaMoroganella
deaminase, urease
286
Typhoid fever caused by
Salmonella typhi
287
Positive nitrate test is...confirm with...
Pinkzinc powderif the medium turns red after the addition of the nitrate reagents, it is considered a positive result for nitrate reduction because it was reduced to nitrite. If it's clear either nitrate is present or it reduced past nitrite. Confirm with zinc. After zinc if it turns red, it's a true negative, nitrate didn't reduce. If it's clear after zinc, then nitrite was reduced further and is positive.
288
TSI yellow butt
glucose
289
Yellow slant
lactose or sucrose
290
A/A which sugars
slant: lactose and/or sucrosebutt: glucose
291
K/A
butt: glucose only
292
K/K
none
293
black butt
H2S
294
Which test needs trytophan and is called Kovacs reagent
Indole
295
Citrate tests for microbes that
use citrate for their sole source of carbon
296
Kleb is citrate...
posIMViC --++
297
E.coli is citrate
negIMViC++--
298
Indicator that tests the ability of microbes to make glucose and drop the pH
methyl red
299
EMB selects and diff these group of microbes
enterobactericae
300
EMB has lactose to diff, what color is E.colicolor of NLF
green, LFclear
301
Test that tests microbes ability to make acetone from glucose
Voges Proskauer
302
Voges Proskauer2 pos: K/E2 Neg: E/Y
Pos: Kleb, EnterobacNeg: E.coli, Yer
303
In PPA, phenylalanine is deaminated to...three PPA pos...PPM
phenylpyruvid acidProteusProvidenciaMorganella
304
Enzyme that breaks down aminos to amines (alkaline) w/limited glucosefirst ph turns yellowwhen decarboxylized alkaline amine turns purple
DecarboxylaseDecarboxylation occurs in the presence of a decarboxylase enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of the bond that binds the carboxylic group to the rest of the amino acid.
305
Aminos used in decarboxylase test
LysineArginineOrthinine
306
Positive nitrate reduction test changes what color and inidicates...
positive changes red, indicates has only nitrate reductase
307
Initial no color in negative nitrate reduction test indicates
No color may mean microbe has both or neither enzymes nitrate/nitrite reductase
308
How to confirm no color reaction in nitrate reduction test....red..no color..
add powered zinc, will catalyze nitrate to nitritered...has neither enzymeclear...has both nitrite/nitrate
309
To ferment lactose need these two enzymes
permease: brings into cellB-galactosidase: breaks down lactose
310
What are microbes called that lack permease but have B-galactosidase
slow lactose fermenters
311
Which test detects B-galactosidaseWhat does pos look like
ONPGit resembles lactosepos=yellow
312
Sodium deoxycholate is used in
String test for vibrio choloera
313
Test/medium that uses low peptone to allow visible acid production by oxidizers
OFoxidition fermentation medium
314
With OF medium, what color is fermenters...where is the color for oxidizers...
acid, yellowoxidziers only on top due to needing oxygen
315
What is the indicator in OF media
bromthymol blue
316
Clostridium spores:oval/sub:round:
Clostridium spores:oval/subterminal: bot,diff, sometimes perfround terminal: tetani, ram
317
Obligate intracellular parasite w/anthropod vectorGNCB that resemble bacteriaWeil-Felix (proteus ag)PCR lab titer
Rickettsia
318
Coxiella Burretii
obligate intracellular parasiteQ feveraerosol from birth of infectedbioterrism
319
Two genus that have intracellular morulae in cells/WBC and transmitted by ticks
Ehrlichia chaffeensis:mono/neuAnaplasma phagocytophilum:grans
320
Lyme disease, bulls eye rashIxodes damminiserological
Borelia burgedorferi
321
obligate intra parasiteSTD:parrots:PCR
Chlamydiatrachomatispsittaci
322
D test
double diffusionD appearance due to flattened zone of inhibition, resistant to clindamycin
323
Disk diffusion req
agar 4.0mmMH 150mmno more than 12 disksno CO2pH 7.2-7.4Ca/Mg
324
Ingredient in McFarland
Barium Chloride
325
K/Vi antigen
Capsular antigenVi is K, made by S.typhiPolysaccharide, heat labile, prevents phago
326
H antigen
Flagellar Serotype SalmonellaProtein, heat labile
327
O antigen
sOmaticSalmonella and ShigellaLipopolysaccharideHeat stable
328
Opportunistic enterobacteriacea in reptiles, fresh water fish, H2S, indoor, motile++--
Edwardsiella tarda
329
3 enterobac with ++--
P.vulgarisE.coliEdwardsiella
330
3 enterobac with --++
Kleb pneuEnterobacterSerratia marcesens
331
Enterobacteriaciae that swarms
Proteus
332
SPEC is H2S
Salmonella ProteusEdwardsiellaCitro
333
3 Nonmotile entero at 35C
ShigellaKlebYersenia
334
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are all
Nonfermenting gram negative rods
335
Which one is NF Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Acinetobacter of skin, pharynx
336
Two GNR, cause gastroenteritis, doesn't grow on TCBS, oxidase pos, motile
AeromonasPlesiomonas shigelloides
337
Ornithine pos selects for
Enterobacter
338
TSI:SEEK A/A
SerratiaEscherichaEnterobacterKleb
339
K/K
Pseudomonas
340
Fastidious, Capnophlic, GNCB Oral flora
HACEK
341
HAECK, GNCB, pits agar, bleach odor
Eikinella corrodens
342
3 GNR Enterobacteriaceae with IMViC --++
Kleb pneumoEnterobacterSerratia
343
3 GNR Enterobacteriaceae with IMViC ++--
ProteusE.coliEdwardsella
344
Kleb versus SerratiaMotility, lactose
Kleb nonmotile, LFSerratia motile, NLF
345
Of these 3 no fermenting GNR, which one is oxidase posPseudo aeroAcinebacterStenotro
Pseudo
346
2 Enterobacteriaceae that produce H2S
SalmonellaProteus
347
3 Enterobacteriaceae that has deaminase/PPA pos
ProteusProvidenciaMorganella
348
Enterobacteriaceae that is DNase pos
Serratia
349
2 Enterobacteriaceae that are urease pos
Proteus, Morganella
350
3 Enterobacteriaceae that are - -++/VP pos
KlebEnterobacter Serratia
351
Test that diff GPC from GNDC, reactions
OxidaseGPC(staph, strep): oxidase negGNDC(neisseria): oxidase pos
352
Of the species of mycobacterium which one isn't a rapid grower
gordonae
353
Lactose fermenting enterobacteraciea, acrynom/organisms
CEEK (seek w/a C)CitrobacterEnterobacterE.coliKleb
354
M.gordonae is slow
M.gordonae is slow
355
4 GPR anaerobic acrynom, names
Clostridium Lactobacillus Actinomyces Propionibacterium
356
Only GN cocci anaerobic
Veillonella
357
4 GPR nonspore1 GPR spore
CorneybacteriumListeria monoErysipelothrixNocardiaspore...Bacillus
358
CampyHeliVibrio are all
GNR
359
Hemophilus is what shape/color
GNCB
360
Bartonella and Legionella gram stain
GNR
361
Brucella, Franciella, and Pasterurella gram stain
GNCB
362
Clostridium, Actinomyces,Propionibacterium,Lactobacillus all are ...., gram stain
GPR anaaerobic
363
Two organisms that cause pelvic inflammatory diseases
N.gonnChlamydia trachomatis
364
Small, nonmotileCoccobacillusGrows in egg yolk sac
Rickettsia
365
2 organism have Bacterial type cell wall
Chlamydia: no peptidoglycanRickettsia
366
Naglar agar selects for
Clostridium
367
GNR, fastidious, Air conditioner Best medium for legionella..L.pneumo forms brown pigment on...
BCYE: buffered charcoal yeast extract has cysteineL.pneumo: feeley gorman iron cysteine
368
Bordetella that is urease, oxidase pos
Bronchiseptica
369
4 ways to id mycobacteria and optimal atmosphere/% and temp
Growth ratePigmentBiochemTempCO2, 5%35C
370
Rhodococcus equi is GPC and takes...to go from coccoid to rod
24hrs
371
Blood cysteine glucose agar used for
Fran. tularensis
372
β-Lactamases are enzymes that degrade the β-lactam ring. They can be encoded chromosomally or on extrachromosomal elements.This process of testing for enzyme by subculturing is called...
Plasmid coding
373
Name of test where DNA is hydrolyzed and what positive looks like
DNaseMedium is colorless around organism
374
In chromogenic cephalosporin test for betalactamase, the intact beta lactam ring is...If organism cleaves ring it turns ..
Clear/yellow=intactRed=cleaved
375
Sign of Lyme disease at site of tick bite called
ECMErythema chronicum migrans
376
Disease that causes raised, red, itchy rash (larva currens), often between your butt cheeks, on your thighs or on your wrists.
strongyloidiasis
377
larva currens is also called
strongyloidiasis
378
A red rash that usually begins on the face or neck, later spreading to the chest, trunk, arms and legs is called and caused by
Scarlet feverGrpA step
379
Bulls eye is also called...Seen in what disease...
Erythema chronicum migransLyme
380
Mycosel is...with..and...It is a highly selective media for the isolation of pathogenic fungi from materials having a large flora of other fungi and bacteria. It is not general purpose media for the isolation of all fungi (including molds and saprophytic yeasts).
Sabouraud Agar with Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide
381
Trichophyton that is urease-pos and penetrates hair shaft
Mentagrophytes
382
Tuberculate macroconidia seen in what phase..Of what organism...
Mycelial phaseH.capsulatum
383
Broad based budding yeast seen in... Phase of ..
Tissue phaseBlasto dermatitis
384
Alternating barrel shaped arthroconidia seen in this phase... Of...
MycelialC.immitis
385
Round, thick walled spherule with endospores seen is what phase and organism
YeastC.immitis
386
Mariners wheel buds seen in what phase and organism
YeastPara brasiliensis
387
Cutaneous larva migrans, creeping eruption caused by
Ancyclostoma braziliense
388
Creeping eruption called... By....
Cutaneous larva migransAncyclostoma braziliense
389
Capillariasis
The nematode (roundworm) Capillaria (=Paracapillaria) philippinensis causes human intestinal capillariasis. Unlike C. hepatica, humans are most likely the main definitive host. Transmission occurs primarily through eating undercooked fish.
390
eosinophilic meningitis, eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, or EM.
A. cantonensis: People can get infected by eating raw or undercooked snails or slugs or contaminated produce.B. procyonis: People get infected by accidentally ingesting infectious parasite eggs. These eggs can be found in raccoon feces and environments (such as dirt) contaminated with raccoon feces.G. spinigerum: People can get infected by eating raw or undercooked freshwater fish or eels, frogs, poultry, or snakes
391
In hookworm and strongly they infect by ... ... With what form
Skin penetrationFilariform
392
best way to id mycoplasma
inhibition of growth by specific antiseraThe growth inhibition test stems from the fact that high titre antiserum added into mycoplasma growth medium will inhibit the growth of the homologous mycoplasma species against which the antiserum was produced.A method of mycoplasma species identification is described, based upon inhibition of the PPLO growth on solid media around antiserum-impregnated filter paper disks.
393
Name for bacteria that ferment lactose into acid, turn media pink
Coliform
394
CLEN versus CLAP
CLEN: GPR Corney, Listo, Eryt, NocardiaCLAP: GPR anaerobic Clostridium, Lacto, Acinto, Propio
395
phase where growth ceases due to nutrients exhausting and toxic metabolites build up
stationary
396
phase with litte/no multiplication but active enzymes, still maturing
lag
397
phase where theres a logarithmic, doubling of growth/binary fision
exponential
398
phase where waste builds up, nutrients depleted and cells stop metabolic functions and dye
death, declining
399
Most effective form of sterilization, high pressure, high temp
autoclave 15lbs, 15min, 121C
400
sterlization that uses moist heat-fractional alternate heating,heat, sit, heat, sit
fractionalization
401
sterlization for proteineous things that can't be heated
filtration
402
sterlization at 100C, 15-30min, doesn't kill all spores viruses
boiling
403
Dry heat/flame and ethylene oxide gas are two forms of
sterlization
404
process that removes, kills, deactivates all life
sterilization
405
Dry versus moist QC species,Both are genus...Species...
BacillusDry: subtilisMoist: stearo-thermophilus
406
Process that inactivates bacteria on nonliving surfaces
disinfectant
407
Method using chemicals/antiseptics to destroy germs that cause infections on living tissues
antisepsis
408
In acid fast, what is red, what is blue
red=acid fast bacteriablue=nonacid fast, background
409
Part of gram stain that makes dye less soluble to help dye adhere to cell wall
iodine
410
sodium poly-anethol sulfonateSPS used to...
grow bacteria
411
Pathogenic alpha strep in upper respiratory
Strep pneumo
412
SPS grows bacteria by preventing these three
prevents clotting, phagocytosis and bacterialcidal affect of human serum
413
Most abundant NF in throat
alpha heme strep (virridans)
414
Group A beta strep best collected with
throat swab
415
H.influen, N.mening, B.pertusus best collect with
nasopharyngeal swabsupper respiratory
416
Most common pathogen in throat
beta strepS.pyogenes
417
Positive coagulase test is
clotting of plasmacoagulase reacts with plasma/fibrinogen
418
Sensitive and faster way to test CSF for bacterial antigen
latex agg
419
2 GPC that are catalase catalase positive
staph, micrococcus
420
2 GPC that are catalases neg
Strep, entero
421
Hippurate hydrolysis differentiates...Hippurate hydrolysis postive in these two...
Diff: Group B from Group APos: Group B and L.mono
422
GPCNonhemolyticCatalase pos, coag negsusceptible to novobiocin
Staph epi
423
GPC beta hemolyticBacitracin sensitivePYR +necrotizing fascitis
Grp AStrep pyogenes
424
GPCbeta hemolysisHippurate+/CAMP+Neonatal meningitis/sepsis
GrpBStrep agalactiae
425
GPCCNS that is resistant to novobiocin...CNS that is sensitive to novobiocin...
resist: saprosensitive: epi
426
GPCCNScatalase +Novobiocin resistantUTI young woman
Staph sapro
427
GPC and GNDC can be separated by this test
oxidase
428
Neissera/Moraxella: GNDC, oxidase...Staph/Strep: GPC, oxidase...
Neissera/Moraxella: oxidase posStaph/Strep: oxidase neg
429
GPC, lancet,capsulealpha hemesensitive to optochin, bile soluble
Strep pneumo
430
3 Group D streps
Strep bovis, galloEnteroccocus
431
All are....posof the 3 strep, which one likes NaCL
bile esculin posenterococcus loves salt
432
Neissera morph...Heemophilis morph...
Neisseria is GN cocciHaemophilis is GN rod
433
GNDC with adjacent flat sides what genus
Neisseria
434
Both Thaymer martin and modified TM have these 4 things
Colistin, nystatin, vancoin chocolate agar
435
What does Modified TM have taht TM doesn't
trimethoprim lactateinhibits swarming of proteus
436
Neisseria species all degrade...But can differentiate speicies with these two sugars...
all degrade glucosedifferentiate with maltose and lactorse
437
N.gonn degrades...N.men degrades...N.lac degrades...
gonn: glucosemen: glucose, maltoselac: glucose, maltose, lactose
438
GNDCoxidase positiveDNase,Butyrate +middle ear
Morexalla catarrhalis
439
Corneybacterium diphtheriae morph
GPRnon motile
440
GPRnonmotileBabesErnstgray black on telluritegrows on Loeffler
Corney diph
441
Tellurite in K-tellurite inhibits...selects...
inhibits NF, gp/gnselects C.diph
442
Medium that enhances pleomorphism, granules for Corney diph...Medium where corney diph is gray-black...
Loeffler serum againK-tellurite
443
E-test...Elek test..
E-test: antimicrobial testElek: detect Corn diph toxin
444
Gram positive aerobic, rest aerobic are GN-Cocci-Rod
Cocci:-staph, strep, micrococcus-entero, group D(bovis,gallo)Rod: BCLEN-Bacillus-Corny, Listeria, Erysi, Nocardia
445
Gram positive anaerobic, rest are GN-Cocci:-Rods:
cocci: peptococcusRods: CLAP-Clostri,Lacto, Acinto,Propi
446
Most common GNR anaerobic
Bacter fragilis
447
Diphtheroids are corneybacterium that are NF in throat, which species is NF in throat
C.pseudo-diphtheriticum
448
GPCBcoccocus to rod in 24hrs
R.equiequivalent with coccus and rod
449
GP to gram variable CBcold/icecream, motile at 25catase +,CAMP+,hipp+
Listo. mono
450
Two genus diff by motilty and salicin
Listeria and Corney
451
motile and salicin pos...nonmotile and salicin neg...
pos: L.mononeg: Corney
452
Strict anaerobes that are acid fast and need 5% CO2
myco-bacteriumnot myco-plasma (no cell wall)
453
Middlebrook 7H11 used for...color...Lowenstein-Jensen used for..color...
Middle: mycobacteria, clearLJ: mycobacteria, green
454
Tween 80 diff...pos..neg...
diff Mycobacterium kansasiipos: pink/redneg: amber
455
Niacin/nitrate diff these two mycobacterium
M.tb from M.bovis
456
Mycobaterium tb naicin/nitrate...M.bovis niacin/nitrate...
M.tb posMbovis neg
457
Anaerobic organism that causes lumpy jaw
A.israelii
458
Urease +PUNCH has urease in it
ProteusUrea-plasma, duh!NocardiaCrypto neo/CornyHeli
459
GPRpart of CLEN(gram positive aerobic rod)will not grow with antibioticspartially acid fastbeaded, branching, filamentousurease, catalase pos
Nocardia
460
GNR from nasopharengeal swab-fastidious, small-filamentious
H.influe
461
Haemophilus genus needs...-influ needs...-para needs...-ducreyi needs...
enriched choc agarinflu: X,Vpara: Vducreyi:X
462
Haemophilus will satellite on BAP with Staph streak because
Staph supplies the V and then hemolysis will suppply the X
463
GNRfastidiousanimal bite
P.multo
464
Cause of:-whopping cough...-meningitis, flu, epiglottis-Pontiac
-whopping cough: B.pertusis-meningitis, flu, epiglottis: H,influ-Pontiac: Legionella pneumo
465
Bordetella that is urease/oxidase pos
bronchiseptica
466
Brucella that doesn't make H2S
melitensis doesn't make H2S
467
Brucella that is inhibited by thionin
arbortus inhibited by thionin
468
GNRfastidiousbrown on feely-gorman iron cysteine
Legionella pneumoneeds cysteine
469
BCYE used for
Legionella
470
GNR fastidiousrabbits, bites, bioterrism
Franciellatularensis
471
GNR fastidious in ACs
Legionella pneumo
472
Campylobacteria is...Needs...%....%....%
micro-aerophillic85% N10% CO25% O (least amt)
473
GNR curvedgull winged appearance, motilemicroaerophillic, needs increased N at 42Calso nitrate pos and nonfermentative but who the hell is going to remember that
Campy jejuni
474
Campy jejuni uses what medium if enteritis
campy blood agar duh!
475
Ass with peptic ulcer urea pos
Helicobacter pylori
476
Epi cell with gram variable bacteria
clue cell
477
Pleomorphilic, gram variableNF vagina, clue cells, sniff test
Gardenella vaginalis
478
SS 4 media
XLDSSHEGN broth
479
SS media ingredientsXLD:SS:HE:GN broth:
XLD: xylose, lysine, deoxycholateSS: brilliant green, lactoseHE: bromtyhmol blue, acid fuchsin-lactose/sucroseGN broth: deoxcholate, citrate
480
Color of S/S on HE
clear, clear w/dot
481
Two H2S indicators in triple sugar agar
ferric ammonium citrate and sulfate
482
IMViC
Indole, methyl red, VP, citrate
483
IMViC:E.coli...Kleb...
Ecoli: ++--Kleb:--++
484
IMViC3 that are ++--3 that are --++
++-- PEE: proteus, E.coli, Ed--++ KES: Kleb, Enter, Ser
485
In PPA, phenalalaine is ....to phenylpyruvid acid
deaminated
486
acrynon: Organisms that are PPA pos, deaminate phenylalanine
PPMP:proteusP:providenM:morganella
487
3 aminos used in decarboxylase test that breaks down aminos to amines
LAOlysine, arginine, ornithine
488
positive DNase is...two DNase pos genera...
clearing around colonyM.catt, Serr
489
Nitrate reduction:-change color immediately=-no changed color imm, and clear w/zinc...-clear imm, color after zinc...
-change color imm=pos-clear, clear w/zinc=pos for both-clear imm, color w/zinc=neg
490
Lactose fermenters needs these two enzymes to ferment lactose
Beta-galactosidasePermease
491
Test that detects slow LF that lack permease but have Betagalastosidase
ONPG
492
Oxidation fermentation media has ... ... to allow visibility of acid production by oxidizers
low peptone
493
tubes used in OF...One...w/...one...
2one with oilone openOF need oxygen and will grow on top/yellow
494
Most isolated nonfermenteroxidase posgreen, grape smellswimmers ear
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
495
GN nonfermentative NF of skin
acinetobacter calcoa
496
Nagler agar selects for
Clostridium perfringens
497
Bacteroides fragilis is resistant to
penicillin
498
Acronymn for anaerobic GPR/bacilli
CLAPC=clostridiumL=LactoA=AcintoP=Propioni
499
The only GPC anaerobe...The only GNC anaerobe..
GPC: PeptococcusGNC: Veillonella
500
Anaerobic GPR/bacilli that makes double zone of hemolysis
C.perfringens
