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hemequicklast Flashcards

1
Q

Vit K dependent Prothrombin group factors

A

2,7,9,10

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2
Q

Fibrinogen group, thrombin acts on, used up/not in serum

A

1,5,8,13

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3
Q

Intrinsic, factors…In..it also measures factors..drug it monitors…reagents…NV…phospholipoprotein inhibitor that prolongs aPTT,not corrected by mixing study…

A

8,9,11,12In aPTT it also measures 1,2,5,10heparinphospholipid+ Ca chloride30-36seclupus like anticoagulant

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4
Q

Common factors…measured in both…and….

A

1,2,5,10aPTT,PT

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5
Q

Factors in Contact grp, alternate activation of intrinsic

A

HMWK,PK11,12

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6
Q

extrinsic factors…In…also measures factors..drug names it monitors…reagent…NV….Uses…

A

TF/3, 71,2,5,10warfarin/coumadin thromboplastin10-13secUses INR/ISI

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7
Q

Prothrombinase complex is in common pathway and acts on prothrombin consist of these two factors and these two cofactors…

A

5a, 10acalcium+phospholipid

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8
Q

Protein C degrades…and…Protein…is cofactor that accelates inhibition

A

C degrades 5,8S is cofactor

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9
Q

Primary inhibitor of fibrinolytic system..Principal inhibitor of thrombin/10…

A

fibrinolytic: alpha2 antiplasmin-plasmin is main fibrinolysis agentInhibitor of thrombin/10: anthrombin 3

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10
Q

Labile coag factors…Severe liver disease coag factors..

A

5,81,5Fibrinogen is made in liver

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11
Q

Names:1234578910111213

A

1 fibrinogen2 prothrombin3 Tissue thromboplastin4 calicium5 labile7 stabile8 AHF A9 AHF B, christmas factor10 stuart prower11 AHF C12 Hageman13 fibrin stabilizing

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12
Q

7…9…two names10…12…

A

7: stabile9: ahf B, Christmas 10: stuart prower12: hageman

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13
Q

3 PLT disorders with increased BT and normal PLT ct…3 PLT disorderrs with increased BT and decreased PLT ct…

A

normal PLT:aspirin, vWD, Glanzmannsdecreased PLT:May Hegglin, BS, Wiscott-May hegglin has dohle bodies

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14
Q

ITP, TTP, HUS, and DIC all have…PLT cts and …BTTTP has decreased…

A

decreased PLTs, increased BTTTP decreased ADAMS13

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15
Q

Two disorders with aggregation issues…-primary:-secondary:Two disorders with adhesion issues…

A

aggregation: G b4 W-primary: Glanzmann only agg with ristocetin-secondary: Wiskott AldrichAdhesion:-vWB, BS

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16
Q

Most common inherited bleeding…2nd most common…Most common acquired inhibitor in hereditary def…Most common PLT disorder…

A

inherited bleeding:most common vWD,-decreased 8, vWD, PLT normalddavpsecond Hemophilia-A: 8, cryo-B: 9 ffpacquired inhibitor in hereditary def: 8Most common PLT disorder: aspirin

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17
Q

Disorder with no aggregation/flat line with anthing but ristocetin

A

Glansmann

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18
Q

Disorder with abnormal aggregation with most tests, except no aggregation/flat line with collagen

A

aspirin

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19
Q

Two disorders with no aggregation/flat line with ristocetin

A

VWD, BS

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20
Q

Low PLT but normal bleeding/function ok, due to antiplt antibody, destruction of PLTs are virus

A

autoimmune thrombocytopeniaITP

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21
Q

Test that monitors heparin, FSP, and qual/quant fibrinogen…test that monitors fragments, D, E…test that diff factor def from anticoagulant…test that quantitates factors…

A

Test that monitors heparin, FSP, and qual/quant fibrinogen…thrombin timetest that monitors fragments, D, E…ddimertest that diff factor def from anticoagulant…-mixing studytest that quantitates factors…factor assay

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22
Q

Coagulation analyzers used

A

optical photoelectric system

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23
Q

Order of hemotopoesis:

A

yolk sac, liver, spleen, BM

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24
Q

Embryonic hmg chains:-Gower 1:-Gower 2:-Portland:Newborn hmg and chains:F- what chainsA1/A2 percent

A

Embryonic hmg chains:-Gower 1: zeta, epilson-Gower 2: alpha, epilson-Portland: zeta, gammaNewborn hmg and chains: -F: alpha, gammaF 50-80A1 20A2 1

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25
Q

Adult hmg and chains: made of, %A1A2F

A

Adult hmg, chains, %:-A1: alpha, beta 97%-A2: alpha, delta 2%-F: alpha, gamma 1%Embroyonic has zeta, epilsonAdult has deltaq

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26
Q

Hmg electrophoresis:Cellulose acetate 8.4:slowest/cathode/- to fastest/anode+

A

Cellulose acetate 8.4:*slow(-) C, S, F, A1 fast(+)

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27
Q

Acronym for citrate agar 6.2 slowest/cathod/origin to fastest anode…citrate can be used if cellulose acetate at 8.6 is abnormal to separate…

A

-FASC+separate S from D, Gseparate E,C

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28
Q

cyanmethmg diluent…separate myoglobin from hmg with…sickle cell reagents, reducer/lyser…

A

cyanmethmg diluent…Drabkinsseparate myoglobin from hmg with…-ammoniun sulfatesickle cell reagents…-reducer: sodium dithionite-lyser: saponin

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29
Q

Cell ct formula…WBC area of 1 square(usually of 4)…RBC/PLT of each tiny square…-RBC usually count 5-PLT usually count all 25 of middle, which equals total of…

A

cells x DF/ total square area (#sqsxarea square) x 0.1WBC 1 square is 1mmRBC/PLT 1 square is 0.04PLTs all 25 is 1mm(one WBC square)

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30
Q

3 things used to create scatterplots…1 not used

A

scatter, volume, conductivitynot fluorescence

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31
Q

Retic % cal…correct retic…RPI:

A

Retics/10retic % x HCT/45RPI: corrected/maturation time factor

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32
Q

WBC correction for NRBCs

A

WBC x 100/NRBC+100

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33
Q

4 things that falsely increase Hmg

A

lipemia, icteric, protein increased WBCAll cloud reading

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34
Q

Normal MCV, hypochromia due to

A

hyperglycemia

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35
Q

Decreased RBC, HCTIncreased MCV/MCHC due toMCHC >36

A

cold agg

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36
Q

Decreased RBC, Hmg, HCT…

A

anemia

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37
Q

Anemia is below…toddler:female:male:neonates:toddlers have the least, but close to adult femalesneonates have the most

A

Anemia is below…toddler: 12female: 13male: 15neonates: 19

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38
Q

HA…-size/color anemia…-RBC/hmg/HCT, haptoglobin…-indirect bili….

A

HA…-size/color anemia…normo, normo-RBC/hmg/HCT/haptoglobin…decreased-indirect bili….increased

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39
Q

Another name for reticulocyte, NVno nucleus, reticulum with supravital stainStain name

A

polychromatophillic erythrocyte, 0.5-1.5%still has RNA, basophillic and orangeNMB

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40
Q

2 names for NRBC, last nucleated red cell normally in BM, pyknotic nucleus

A

MetarubricyteOrthochromatic normoblast-more orange due to almost being erythrocyte

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41
Q

Alternate name for…1.)Rubriblast2.)Prorubricyte3.)Rubricyteblast before Pro, Pro before, meta after

A

Alternate name for…1.)Rubriblast: Pro-normoblast2.)Prorubricyte: Basophillic normoblast3.)Rubricyte: Polychormatophilic normoblastPro 1st, basophillic, polychromatophilic

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42
Q

Stages of WBC:-Stage with primary nonspecific granules-Stage with secondary specific granules, oval nucleus-Stage with kidney bean nucleus

A

Myeloblast-Stage with primary nonspecific granules:Promyelocyte-Stage with secondary specific granules, oval nucleus: Myelocyte-Stage with kidney bean nucleus: metamyelocyte

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43
Q

Life span…PLT…RBC…PLTs located, %…

A

PLT 8-11 daysRBC 120PLTs located, %-blood 70%-spleen 30%

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44
Q

MCH:calculations, NV

A

MCH: Hmg/RBC x 10 = 28-32 pg-mean cell hmg/rbc-wt

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45
Q

Normal values: female versus malesRemember rule of 3, know RBC know the rest, unless anemiaRbcx3=Hmgx3=HCTRBC:WBC:Hmg:-plasma hmgHCT:

A

RBC: 4.5-6 million-females 4.5-5, males 5-6WBC: 4-11 thousand-seg 3-5 lobesHmg: 12-18, plasma 2-3mg/dL-females 13-15-males 14-18HCT: 35-54-females 35-49-males 40-54

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46
Q

WBC NV:Total WBC:-absolute is % x totalSegsLymphsMonosBandsEosBaso

A

total wbc: 4-11 thousandSegs: 45-70, mostLymphs: 20-40Monos: 3-10Bands: 0-5Eos: 0-3Baso: 0-2, least

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47
Q

Diluent for WBC/PLT cts

A

ammonium oxalate

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48
Q

2 normal cells seen in CSF

A

arachnoid and choroidboth very large clumps, pink/blue/purple

49
Q

Normal cell seen in pleural fluid

A

mesothelial (only in serous)nucleated: round to oval, can be multi large, clumped, more round than synovialMaintain cytoplasm borders, clear spaces between

50
Q

normal cell seen in synovial/joint

A

synovial cells, nucleated, not as uniform as pleural mesothelial

51
Q

What 4 things increase WBC

A

NRBC, large platelets, Sickle cell, Cryoglobin-Based off granularity, size

52
Q

Schistocytes: affect on RBC, plts

A

RBC decreased because counted as plts

53
Q

3 things decrease plt1 thing increase plt

A

Decrease plt: clumps, satellitosis, giant PLTsIncrease: schistocytes-counted as plts not rbcs

54
Q

Plt ct with sodium citrate DF…Citrate in Coag tube…Ratio WB:anticoagEDTA type anticoag…

A

DF 1.1Tube 3.2%WB: anticoag 9:1EDTA type anticoag…di potassium

55
Q

PAS stains which blasts…Chronic or acute…

A

LymphoblastsAcute

56
Q

conditions with target cells…1 not related to target…

A

Thallesemia, HmgpathiesIDA, post splenectomyLiver disease-Decreased hmgNot myelofibrosis

57
Q

Diluent for wbc, plt…Reagent to diff myoglobin from hmg…Reducer for sickle cell screen…

A

Diluent for wbc, plt…ammonium oxalate Reagent to diff myoglobin from hmg…Ammonium sulfateReducer for sickle cell screen…Sodium dithionite

58
Q

Vit K dependent group called

A

Prothrombin group

59
Q

Citrate agar: 6.2:slowest/cathod- to fastest/anode+

A

Citrate agar: 6.2:*slow(-) F,A,S,Cin some ways opposite of celluose acetate

60
Q

MCV calc, NVRBC size microm nvMicro is, macro is

A

MCV: HCT/RBC x 10 = 80-100fL-In a volume of packed rbc, volume of rbc-volume: micro <80, macro>80-RBCs are 6-8 microns, <6 micro, 9+macro

61
Q

MCHC: calc, NV

A

MCHC: Hmg/HCT x 100= 32-36%-Hmg concentration in volume-color: hypo <32, hyper >36-percentage so smaller number on top->36 spherocytes

62
Q

RDW: NV, indicates

A

RDW: 11-14.5, diff sizes/anisocytosis >15%

63
Q

HCT: NV…Measures…

A

HCT: 35-54% packed cell volume

64
Q

Hmg electrophoresis:nationality, migrates withD:E:G:

A

D: east indian, D-SE: Southeast asian, E-CG: Blacks, G-S

65
Q

3 things that have leukopenia and 1 that has increased leukocytes

A

decreased:leukemia, viral, chemoincreased:leukemoid rxn

66
Q

Myelocyte maturation from youngest to oldest

A

myeloblastpromyelocyte(pro b4 myelo)myelocytemetamyelocyte(meta after myelo)band

67
Q

6 rbc inclusions

A

HJ bodiesPapemheimer bodies/siderocytes in PBBaso stippling: RNAShuffners dotsCabot ringHeinz bodies-denaured hmg-not seen with wright, G6PD-no Heinz in PK

68
Q

Specific WBC that phagocytizes nucleoprotein in lupus erythematosus

A

NeutrophilLE cellcan also be macrophage

69
Q

Characteristic findings:CLL:CML:ALL:AML:AMML:Hodgkin:Sezary:

A

CLL: smudge cells, sml BlymphsCML: Ph, basophilia, eosinophilia-decreased LAPALL: PAS+, MPO-, TdtAML: Auer rod, trans 8:21AMML: NASDA 3+, NaF 1+Hodgkin: Reed SternburgSezary: lrg bizarre cerebriform

70
Q

what engulfs what…LE:Tart:Mott:

A

what engulfs what…LE: neutrophil,macro engults nucleoprotein-seen in lupusTart: mono/macrophage engulfs nuclearMott: plasma cell engulfs Ig, russel bodies

71
Q

In reactive leukocytosis, absolute GRANULOCYTES are

A

> 7.0

72
Q

ALL: -How many classes-which one has heterogenous?-which one has vacuolization/abundant cyto?-which one seen in kids/homogenous?

A

only 3 class, no L4L1: homogenous, kidsL2: heterogenous, adultsL3: vacuolization, abundant cyto, homoL1/L2: L is younger than L2, start out homoL3: odd one with vacuoles

73
Q

AML:-granules? least to most?-Auer rod, DIC?-Mono?-Erythroblast? Megakaryoblast?M0:M1:M2:M3:M4/5:M6:M7:

A

AML:M0: no granulesM1: granulesM2: few/trace granulesM3: intense granules, DIC, AuerM4/5: monoM6: erythroblastM7: megakaryoblast

74
Q

Waldenstrom versus Multiple Myeloma:both have increased…and….WM Ig…MM Ig…MM also has…issues

A

both have extra plasma cells/lymphs and rouleauxWM Ig MMM IgG and bone issues

75
Q

Condition with -elevated WBC/segs-increased ESR/fibrinogen-decreased iron

A

Hodgkins, Reed Sternberg

76
Q

Tears, giant bizarre plts, increased uric acid most ass with

A

myelofibrosis

77
Q

Least seen wbc

A

Basophil 2%

78
Q

Order of early stem cells etc

A

HSC, MPP, common,Lymph-myeloid, then CFU

79
Q

PLTs-NV-NV in 1000x-fLcells youngest to oldest

A

PLTs140-450,0008-2010fL-Megakaryoblast: BM-Promegakaryocyte: BM-Megakaryocyte: BM-PLT blood

80
Q

Monocytes youngest to oldest….Lymphocytes youngest to oldest….

A

Monocyte:-Monoblast-Promonocyte, more oval nucleus-MonocytLymphocyte:-Lymphoblast-Prolymphocyte: lrg single nuclei-lymphocyte: scant cyto

81
Q

Hmgpathies..Hmg S…HmgC..

A

hmgs: valine replaces glutamic acid, 6th position on betahmgc: lysine replaces glutamic acid, 6th position on beta-washington monument, rodSC: glove

82
Q

Sudan B:PAS:Oil RedO:LAP:TRAP:NASDA 3+/NaF1+:

A

Sudan B: nonspecific/specific granules, myelogenous granulocytes-Brown BlackPAS: acute lymphoblasts, not chronic-magentaOil RedO: neutral lipidsLAP: Leukomoid, decreased CMLTRAP: hairy cell-tartrate resistant, acid phosphataseNASDA 3+/NF1+: AMML

83
Q

Hmg in reduced state..-what keeps it reduced…Hmg in ferric state/oxidized…Hmg w/carbon monxide, 200 greater affinity to hmg than oxygen…Hmg with irreversible oxidation, cant carry oxygen, isn’t tested with cyanmethmg…

A

Hmg in reduced state..oxyhmg-what keeps it reduced…methmg-cytochrome C reductaseHmg in ferric state,oxidized…methmgHmg w/carbon monxide, 200 greater affinity to hmg than oxygen…carboxyhmgHmg with irreversible oxidation, cant carry oxygen, isn’t tested with cyanmethmg…sulfhmg

84
Q

Increased ESR

A

increased…-inflammation-rouleax-increased proteins: fibrinogen -MM, WM-macro-anemia-tilting/vibration

85
Q

Decreased ESR

A

decreased:-microcytes, sperocytes-sickle, can’t rouleaux-polycythemia-edta, cells shrink-old specimen or decreased temp

86
Q

Optical light scattering is also called

A

laser light scatter, flow cytometryfocuses laser with laminar flow of cells to id granularity/reflectivity90 side: granularityForward: size

87
Q

Fragile WBC causing pseudoleukopenia…Smudge cells issues with WBC ct…addCryoglobin issues with WBC and cold agg issues…lipemia…

A

Fragile WBC causing pseudoleukopenia…manual WBCSmudge cells issues with WBC ct…add 22% albumin to stabilizeCryoglobin issues with WBC and cold agg issues…warm 37, 15minlipemia: saline replacement

88
Q

TRAP: hairy cell

A

-tartrate resistant, acid phosphatase

89
Q

IDA:-iron-ferritin-TIBC, transferrin:Anemia of Chronic:-iron:-ferritin:-TIBC, transferrin:

A

IDA: chronic blood loss-iron, ferritin: decreased-TIBC, transferrin: increasedAnemia of Chronic:-iron: decreased-ferritin: increased-TIBC, transferrin: decreased

90
Q

Leptocyte:Drepanocyte:Dacrocyte:Basostilling made of…

A

Leptocyte: codocyte, targetDrepanocyte: sickleDacrocyte: tearBaso stil RNA

91
Q

Macrocytic anemias: MCV>100decreased PLTs, macros, hyper segmentedMegaloblastic: -main WBC in BM-2 def-type of macrocytesNonmegaloblastic:-2 causes-type of macrocytes:

A

Macrocytic anemias:Megaloblastic:-giant metamyelocytes-2 def: folate/B12/PA IF-type of macrocytes: ovalNonmegaloblastic:-2 causes: liver disease, alcoholism-type of macrocytes: round

92
Q

Microcytic anemias:-5 main

A

IDA, anemia of chronicsideroblasticthalllead

93
Q

3 tests for PNH1 test for PCHPNH is a … Defect

A

PNH-sugar water-sucrose-Hams acidified serumPCH-Donath landsteiner autoab test, PMembrane defect

94
Q

most common thallasemia

A

beta thall minor, Cooley’s trait

95
Q

4 neutrophil incusions/anomolies

A

dohle bodiestoxic granvacuolitionPelger Huet

96
Q

TT tests for, reagent ,NVMonitors 3 thingsFibrinogen test,Reagent, concentration is….to time, NV

A

TT time it takes thrmobin to convert fibrinogen to fibrin, thrmobin reagent, 10-15 SecMonitors: heparin, FSP, fibrinogen levelsFibrinogen test:Thrmobin reagent, AMT inversely proportional to time, 200-400

97
Q

Factor with all tests normal except 5M urea solubility, clot dissolves

A

Factor 13Not involved in coagulation

98
Q

Factor def with no history of bleeding, only abnormal aPTT

A

Factor 12

99
Q

Same and Difference between liver disease and vitK

A

Both decreased 2,7,9,10 Liver disease has increased factor 8

100
Q

Normoblast/erythroblast:-Pro-Basophillic-Polychromatophillic-Orthochromatic(NRBC)

A

Rubri-Rubri-blast-Pro-rubricyte-Rubricyte-meta-rubricyte(NRBC)

101
Q

Chediak Higashi: defect ofAlder Riley: defect of

A

Chediak Higashi: defect of lysosomesAlder Riley: defect of mucopollysacharridesA=azurophilic

102
Q

IM:CMV:Infectious lymphotosis:

A

All have increased WBC,Lymphs, reactiveIM:EBV, POS monospotCMV:Neg monospot Infectious lymphotosis:<5yrs Old, neg monospot

103
Q

Hemo A,B,C all normal

A

PT, 8.9.11 not in extrinsic or common(1,2,5,10)

104
Q

Lupus anticoag

A

PTT not corrected by missing.PT normal

105
Q

Signs on immature cell

A

Euchromatin, less packedDark cytoplasmNucleoliNonspecific granules

106
Q

Plt, lymph, mono maturation 3 cells

A

Mono/lympho/megakaryo-blastPro-mono/lympho/megakaro-cyteMonocyte, lymphocyte, megakarocyte

107
Q

Factor assay normal range

A

50-150%

108
Q

Romanowsky stain…Azure is, stains, examples…Eosin Y is, stains, examples…

A

Romanowsky stain…Azure is, stains, examples…-Purple, basic-stains acidic, nuclei, immature cytoEosin Y is, stains, examples…-is red, acidic-stains basic, hmg, azure granules

109
Q

Pink or light due to…Blue or dark due to…

A

Pink or light due to…-too acidic, not enough stain, long rinse Blue or dark due to…-too alkaline, to long stain, not rinsed enough

110
Q

Alpha thallAlpha thall major: HmgH:Alpha thall minor:Silent carrier:

A

Alpha thallAlpha thall major: -hydrops fetalis-all 4 alpha deleted-no normal adult hmg-Barts/PortlandHmgH:-3/4 deleted-Heinz bodies-BartsAlpha thall minor:-2/4 deleted-MICRO/hypoSilent carrier:-1/4 deleted

111
Q

Cell with older males, large bizarre cerebriform nuclei

A

Sezary

112
Q

Test that tests PLT fnc, affected by #, vascular integrity, less than 10 min NV

A

BT

113
Q

Test that measures PLT fnc, defects plug, closure time/time to occlude aperture; Depends on count and activity

A

PFA100

114
Q

Thrombocytopenia due to heparin induced ab, heparin/PF4 complex sensitizes PLT and removed from spleen, <50% PLT ct

A

HIT

115
Q

Condition with giant/decreased PLTs/increased BTabnormal aggregation to Ristocetin, abnormal adhesion

A

Bernard Soulier

116
Q

Condition dohle bodies, giant/decreased PLTs, increased BT due to decreased Plts

A

May hegglin

117
Q

Condition due to adhesion, abnormal aggregation to Ristocetin, normal PLT ct but increased BT

A

VWD

118
Q

Condition with normal PLT ct but increased BT, only aggregates with Ristocetin/primary agg issue

A

Glannsmann thrombostenia

Back up cards AAB (19 decks)

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