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HS Exam 2 > Abdominal Cavity > Flashcards

Abdominal Cavity Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

primary retroperitoneal organs

A 
aorta
IVC
kidney
ureter
suprarenal glands
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2
Q

secondary retroperitoneal organs

A

duodenum
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon

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3
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

closed sac the surrounds all of the abdominal organs formed by perineum

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4
Q

what are MOLs

A

mesentaries, omentum, ligaments
double layer of peritoneum that connects the visceral organs to the body wall and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

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5
Q

where are the 3 mesentaries

A

small intestine- connects to the jejunum and ilium
transverse mesocolon- below the transverse colon
sigmoid mesocolon- above sigmoid colon

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6
Q

where are the omenta

A

greater omenta- along greater curvature of stomach

lesser omentum- along lesser curvature of stomach

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7
Q

what is the peritoneal cavity

A

closed space surrounding the organs

**uterine tubes open into it

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8
Q

define peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum caused by infection or spill of GI contents

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9
Q

what is paracentesis

A

insertion of a needle into the peritoneal cavity to remove fluid

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10
Q

what surgical procedures can be done without disrupting the peritoneal cavity

A

bladder
uterine
kidney
suprarenal

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11
Q

what is ascities

A

filling of the peritoneal cavity with fluid

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12
Q

what causes ascities

A

portal hypertension liver disease
peritonitis
cancer
hypoalbuminemia

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13
Q

what are features of ascities that are used to diagnose t

A 
distension and discomfort of abdomen
respiratory difficulty
central tympany- fluid filled areas are dull
shifting dullness
fluid wave
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14
Q

what are the compartments of the peritoneal cavity

A

supracolic
infracolic
omental bursa

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15
Q

location of supra colic compartment

A

superior to the stomach, the transverse colon and the transverse mesocolon
most superficial area, blanket for the alien

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16
Q

location of omental bursa

A

behind the stomach, anterior to pancreas
where the alien sits
extends up behind liver and down in front of the transverse colon, behind the supra colic compartment
accessable via epiploic foreman of winslow
blocked on left by gastrosplenic ligament

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17
Q

location of infracolic compartment

A

below the transverse colon and mesocolon
surrounds the small intestine
alien chair

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18
Q

what is the greater sac

A

supracolic + infracolic compartments

area above and in front of the small and large intestine

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19
Q

what is the lesser sac

A

omental bursa area

where alien sits

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20
Q

infections of which peritoneal cavity space tend to stay confined and why

A

right infra colic space because it is separated from the left by the root of mesentary

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21
Q

what are the paracolic gutters

A

spaces on the outside of the ascending and descending colons that connect to the pelvic cavity

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22
Q

what drains into pelvic cavity

A

left infracolic space
right paracolic space
left paracolic space

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23
Q

where is the hepatorenal recess and why is it significant

A

between the liver and right kidney in the greater sac
significant because it is the lowest point in the peritoneal cavity in the supine position so all the other connecting compartments drain into it
AND the appendix can drain superiorly into it

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24
Q

drainage path of the hepatorenal recess

Study These Flashcards
A

inferiorly via right colic gutter to pelvic cavity

25
what recesses are in communication with each other
subphrenic and hepatorenal recesses
26
where is the subphrenic recess and why is it significant
above the liver and below diaphragm | if it is inflamed it can irritate the diaphragm and cause a subphrenic access, leading to referred shoulder pain
27
supply of foregut
celiac artery
28
supply of midgut
superior mesenteric artery
29
supply of hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery
30
structures of the foregut
``` stomach first and 1/2 second duodenum liver gall bladder spllen 1/2 head, body, tail of pancreas ```
31
structures of midgut
``` 1/2 second and third duodenum 1/2 head of pancreas jujunum ileum cecum appendix ascending colon 2/3 transverse colon ```
32
structures of hindgut
``` 1/3 transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum upper 1/2 anal canal ```
33
autonomic and referred pain pathway- foregut
greater splanchnic nerve T5-9
34
autonomic and referred pain pathway- midgut
lesser splanchnic nerve T10-11
35
autonomic and referred pain pathway- hindgut
lumbar splanchnic nerve L1-2 | pelvic splanchnic nerve S2-4
36
what is formed by the ventral mesentary
falciform ligament and lesser omentum
37
what is formed by the dorsal mesentary
greater momentum and splenorenal ligament
38
what is the epiploic foreman of winslow
communication between the omental bursa and greater sac
39
what is formed by the left side of the peritoneal cavity
greater sac
40
what is formed by the right side of peritoneal cavity
lesser sac/omental bursa
41
what are the 3 ligaments holding the greater omentum and where are they
gastrocolic ligament- along greater curvature gastrosplenic ligament- left side of greater curvature gastrophrenic ligament- top of greater curvature
42
what are the 2 ligaments of the lesser omentum and where are they
hepatogastric ligament- left side | hepatoduodenal ligament- right side
43
what are the structures in the hepatoduodenal ligament and how are they arranged
hepatic artery- left portal vein- large, posterior common bile duct- right
44
3 main branches of celiac artery
common hepatic left gastric splenic
45
branches of common hepatic artery and destinations
proper hepatic- goes into liver area right gastric- right side of lesser curvature gastroduodenal- passes behind pylorus
46
branches of proper hepatic artery
left and right hepatic branches | cystic
47
branches of gastroduodenal artery
supraduodenal- superior to duodenum right gastro-omental artery- right side of greater curvature superior pancreaticoduodenal artery- supplies duodenum
48
which branches anastamose and where
left and right gastric- lesser curvature | left and right gastro-omental- greater curvature
49
what are the branches of the left gastric artery
esophageal
50
what are the branches of the splenic artery
left gastro-omental- left side of greater curvature splenic branches- into spleen short gastric arteries- left side of greater curvature above left GOA posterior gastric- back of stomach
51
describe stomach rotation
left side moves anteriorly right side moves posteirorly duodenum moves superiorly and to the right
52
liver development source
ventral foregut endoderm
53
pancreas development
ventral and dorsal foregut buds ventral- gives uncinate process of head dorsal- rest of head, body and tail
54
describe herniation of midgut
rotates 270 CCW around the axis of the SMA 1. 9 week moves into physiological herniation- completely outside- by rotating 90 degrees 2. 10+ weeks- 180 degree rotation and moves back inside peritoneal cavity
55
how are the secondary retroperitoneal organs formed
during midgut rotation they are pushed back into the retroperitoneal space
56
what are the abnormalities that can occur during midgut rotation
``` failure of rotation reversal of rotation Meckel's diverticulum vitelline cyst, ligaments, fistulas omphalocele gastroschisis ```
57
what is omphalocele
failure of the midgut to return to the peritoneal cavity | covered by amniotic membrane
58
what is gastroschisis
herniation of stomach and small intestine through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall not covered by amniotic membrane
59
what happens to the vitalline duct
obliterates, but if it doesn't can fom: vitalline cyst- enlargment from failure to obliterate completely vitalline fistulas- no obliteration, abnormal connection between Meckel's diverticulum- buldge in small intestine at the attachment of vitalline duct to to stenosis of the duodenum

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

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