Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HS Exam 2 > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

(82 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is humoral control of secretion

A

blood substance levels (Ca, glucose, Na)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the hypothalamus control

A

pineal gland and renal medulla

regulates anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what hormones are produced by the hypothalamus

A

ADH

oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

pars nervosa

A

posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

supraoptic nucleus

A

neurons that make ADH in the hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

paraventricular nucleus

A

neurons that make oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pars distalis

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

posterior pituitary hormones

A

oxytocin

ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

anterior pituitary hormones

A 
TSH
ACTH
FSH/LH
GH
prolactin
endorphins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what hormones have inhibitory factors

A

GH

prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where does the posterior pituitary come from

A

neuroectoderm- hypothalamus outgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

median eminance

A

extension of hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pituitary stalk

A

infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

contents of pars nervosa

A

unmyelinated axons
herring bodies
pituicytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

herring bodies

A

dilated axon terminals with hormones in secretory vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pituicytes

A

type of glial cell in posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

insufficient amounts of ADH resulting in large volumes of dilute urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rathke’s pouch

A

pocket of oral ectoderm that the anterior pituitary comes from

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pars tuberalis

A

extension of anterior pituitary next to the infundibular stalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

pars intermedias

A

adjacent to pars nervosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

epithelial cysts

A

remnants of Rathke’s pouch in the pars intermedias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does the pars intermediate release

A

melanocyte secreting hormone

some ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
melanocyte secreting hormone
stimulates melanin production | skin pigment
26
cell types and appearances in pars distalis
chromophobes- stem cell acidophils- washed out purple basophils- intense red
27
pars distalis arrangement
secretory cells in cords around capillaries
28
somatotrophs
release growth hormone
29
GH
stimulates IGF-1 production in liver which induces cell growth and protein synthesis in bone, cartilage and muscle
30
decreased GH
dwarfism
31
increased GH in kids
gigantism
32
increased GH in adults
acromegaly
33
mammotrophs
release prolactin
34
prolactin
milk production | mammary gland growth during pregnancy
35
``` symptoms: anovulation decreased libido infertility galactorrhea in males ```
prolactin secreting tumor
36
corticotrophs
ATCH
37
ATCH
adrenal gland secretion in response to stress
38
thyrotrophs
TSH
39
TSH
thyroid production of T4 and T3
40
gonadotrophs
GSH, LH
41
GSH, LH
reproduction things
42
anorexia
decreased gonadotroph releasing factor which results in female decrease in fertility and male hypogonadism
43
blood supply to pars nervosa
infeiror hypophyseal artery
44
blood supply to hypothalamus, infundibulum, pars tuberalis
superior hypophyseal artery
45
where is the portal circulation
anterior pituitary
46
graves disease
antibody production of TSH- over active thyroid
47
hashimoto's disease
antibodies to thyroglobulin resulting in follicle destruction hypothyroidism
48
creatinism
fetal hypothyroidism
49
role of thyroid follicle cells
make and secrete T4 and T3 using iodine and thyroglobulin
50
old of parafollicle cells
secrete calcitonin
51
calcitonin
released when Ca is high in the blood | inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts to decrease Ca
52
2 cell types in the thyroid
follicle | parafollicle
53
chief cells
release parathyroid hormone when Ca is low | increase osteoclast activity and gut absorption of Ca
54
effects of aging on the parathyroid
increase connective tissue and adipose
55
result of genetic mutation of chief cells
can't detect Ca levels
56
benign adenomas of parathyroid gland
increased PTH which increases bone demineralization | increased excretion of Ca (a lot around) --> kidney stones
57
idiopathic hypoparathyroidism
tissues don't respond to PTH-- very bad because Ca is needed for NT release and muscle contraction
58
source of cortex of adrenal gland
mesoderm
59
source of medulla of adrenal gland
neural crest
60
zones of the adrenal cortex
zona glomerulosa zona fasciculata zona reticularis
61
zona glomerulosa
salt secrete mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) to maintain blood Na concentration stimulated by decreased blood Na
62
zona fasciculata
sweet secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol) in response to stress to increase glucose metabolism in the liver stimulated by ACTH
63
zona reticularis
sex secretes androgens stimulated by ACTH
64
main estrogen source post menopausal
adrenal androgens from the zone reticularis of the adrenal cortex
65
significance of fetal adrenal cortex
secretes DHEA as a precursor to placental hormones
66
cushing syndrome
cortisol over production due to either a pituitary tumor (cushing disease) releasing ACTH or an adrenal tumor releasing cortisol OR overuse of corticosteroids
67
fat redistribution muscle wasting immune suppression
cushings
68
addison's disease
cortisol deficiency due to decreased ACTH release or chronic adrenal destruction by infection
69
hypotension muscle weakness increased skin pigmentation
addison's disease
70
chromaffin cells
modified sympathetic post ganglionic neurons found in the adrenal medulla that release either E or NE
71
alpha cells of pancrease
glucagon
72
beta cells
insulin
73
delta cells
somatostatin, gastrin
74
F cells
pancreatic polypeptide
75
glut 2
glucose channel on B cells that allows glucose to enter pancreas so insulin is released insulin independent
76
glut 4
glucose channel on body cells that uptake glucose when insulin is bound insulin dependent
77
type 1 diabetes
insulin deficient due to autoimmune destruction of beta cells
78
type 2 diabetes
elevated insulin and high glucose due to error in insulin signaling
79
pinealocytes
secrete melatonin
80
corpora arenacea
brain sand- calcium phosphate precipitations in the pineal gland
81
role of melatonin
regulates sleep/wake cycles inhibits GRF (inhibits FSH/LH) regulate puberty onset tumor suppression
82
oxyphils in parathyroid gland
possible stem cells for chief cells

HS Exam 2 (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions