female repro- histology

Question 1

ovary surrounding layer

Answer 1

germinal epithelium

Question 2

layer most ovarian cancer is from

Answer 2

germinal epithelium

Question 3

what is in the cortex of the ovary

Answer 3

ovarian follicles

Question 4

oocyte

Answer 4

the actual germ cell

makes proteases

Question 5

granulosa/follicle cells

Answer 5

surround the oocyte

release estrogen converted from precursors

Question 6

zona pellucida

Answer 6

inner glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte

Question 7

stroma cells

Answer 7

outer layer of granulosa cells that will become theca cells

Question 8

primordial follicle

Answer 8

oocyte arrested in meiosis 1 from birth to puberty

has 1 layer of granulosa cells

Question 9

ovarian cycle

Answer 9

begins at puberty due to a rise in FSH levels

1-20 follicles begin maturing, but only 1 is ovulated

Question 10

phases of ovarian cycle

Answer 10

follicular
ovulatory
development of corpus luteum

Question 11

primary follicle

Answer 11

oocyte surrounded by zone pellucid and granolas cells

Question 12

theca interna

Answer 12

secrete estrogen precursors

Question 13

theca externa

Answer 13

flat connective tissue cells

Question 14

secondary follicle

Answer 14

small antrum forms

Question 15

antrum formation

Answer 15

follicle cells secrete liquor follicle and small spaces form which coalesce to form an antrum

Question 16

graafian follicle

Answer 16

large antrum

cumuluc oophus and corona radiata

Question 17

which stage do granulosa cells only have FSH receptors

Answer 17

primary follicle

Question 18

which stage do granulosa cells gain LH receptors

Answer 18

graafian follicle

Question 19

what is cumulus oophus

Answer 19

lots of follicle cells around an oocyte

Question 20

coronoa radiata

Answer 20

single layer of follicle cells around the zone pellucida

Question 21

what stage follicle starts meiosis 2

Answer 21

graafian follicle

Question 22

when does meiosis 2 start

Answer 22

right before ovulation

Question 23

what triggers ovulation

Answer 23

LH surge

Question 24

what happens during ovulation

Answer 24

oocyte with 2 layers detaches and floats in the antrum
increased antrum pressure pushes the follicle against the wall of the ovary
blood supply to the wall is cut off–> ischemia
proteolysis and degeneration of the surface follicle and theca cells leads to the follicle rupturing and releasing the oocyte

Question 25

theca lutein cells

Answer 25

release progesterone and androstenedione from theca cells stimulated by LH

Question 26

granulosa lutein cells

Answer 26

release progesterone and some estrogen from follicle cells stimulated by FSH

Question 27

corpus albicans

Answer 27

formed after no fertilization by the invasion of the corpus lute by connective tissue factors are released that induce corpus lutem apoptosis

Question 28

follicle atresia

Answer 28

degeneration of the rest of the follicles that begin maturing and don't make it to ovulation

Question 29

luteal cyst

Answer 29

from the follicle

Question 30

germinal inclusion cyst

Answer 30

from germinal eipthelium

Question 31

polycystic ovarian disease

Answer 31

high androgen secretion results in high estrogen which leads to no ovulation, no corpus lute formation, no progesterone secretion, and no uterine secretory phase

Question 32

common ovarian cancer metastasis sites

Answer 32

colon stomach breast

Question 33

where is fertilization

Answer 33

ampulla

Question 34

lining of ovaducts

Answer 34

simple columnar epithelium with cilia

Question 35

salpingitis

Answer 35

infection in uterine tube with bacteria from the uterus

Question 36

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 36

spread of infection from uterine tube to pelvic cavity

Question 37

ectopic pregnancy

Answer 37

implantation somewhere other than the uterus

Question 38

endometrium lining

Answer 38

simple columnar epithelium

Question 39

layers of the endometrium

Answer 39

functionalis- surface layer with spiral arteries that is shed during menstruation basalis- bottom layer that is kept, has stem cells for endometrial regeneration

Question 40

uterine phases

Answer 40

proliferative secretory menstrual

Question 41

proliferative uterus

Answer 41

governed by follicle functionalism layer built up straight glands

Question 42

secretory uterus

Answer 42

governed by corpus lute uterine glands become disorganized glands secrete fluid

Question 43

menstrual uterus

Answer 43

corpus luteum regresses coiled arteries contract and glands degenerate see shedding of top layer

Question 44

endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 44

high estrogen stimulate cells to replicate which leads to continuous bleeding without a full menstrual cycle

Question 45

endometriosis

Answer 45

endometrial tissue outside the uterus

Question 46

adenomyosis

Answer 46

endoderm grows backward into myometrium

Question 47

endometrial carcinoma

Answer 47

cancer of uterine glands

Question 48

fibroids

Answer 48

benign smooth muscle tumors in myometrium

Question 49

parts of the cervix

Answer 49

internal os- opening into uterine canal cervix external os- opening into cervix

Question 50

significance of external os

Answer 50

junctional zone- where the epithelium switches from simple columnar to stratified squamous susceptible to dysplasia which can progress into neoplasia

Question 51

nabothian cysts

Answer 51

blocked cervical galnds

Question 52

cervical ectropia

Answer 52

metaplasia from simple columnar to stratified squamous epithelium in the cervix during menstrual cycle or pregnancy

Question 53

human papilloma virus

Answer 53

dysplasia high risk- invasive squamous cell carcinoma low risk- condyloma acuminatum

Question 54

veneral warts

Answer 54

condyloma acuminatum

Question 55

grades of a pap smear

Answer 55

CN1- low grade squamous cell lesion, mild dysplasia due to hormones or infection CN2- high grade squamous cell epithelial lesion, higher grade dysplasia with a larger nucleus CN3- high grade, small cells, very close to neoplasia

Question 56

vaginal mucosa

Answer 56

simple squamous epithelium with glycogen which is used by lactobacillus which lowers the vaginal pH

Question 57

how are mammary proteins/sugars released

Answer 57

merocrine secretion

Question 58

how are mammary lipids released

Answer 58

apocrine secretion

Question 59

placental hormones during pregnancy

Answer 59

proliferation of glandular cells and terminal ducts

Question 60

prolactin

Answer 60

milk secretion

Question 61

oxytocin

Answer 61

milk ejection via myoepithelial cell contraction

Question 62

fibrocystic changes in the breast

Answer 62

cystic dilation of ducts glandular metaplasia fibrosis of stroma

Question 63

ductal hyperplasia

Answer 63

usually benign

Question 64

fibroadenoma

Answer 64

most common benign tumor | fibrosis in the duct

Question 65

lobar carcinoma

Answer 65

cancer in a lobe

Question 66

ductal adenocarcinoma

Answer 66

tumor in a duct