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Acute leukemias Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

What is the median age of onset for AML? Gender?

A

66 yo

Male:female (5:3)

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2
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate of acute leukemia?

A

24%

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3
Q

What is the median age of onset for ALL?

A

14 years

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4
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate for ALL?

A

65%

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5
Q

What are the genetic abnormalities that predispose pts to leukemia?

A

Downs
Turners (X)
Klinefelters(XXY)
NF-1

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6
Q

What are the three malignant conditions that are associated with acute leukemia?

A

MDS
Myeloproliferative syndrome
Marrow failure syndromes

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7
Q

What are the chemical exposure that can lead to MDS?

A

Benzenes
Tobacco
Alkylating agents

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8
Q

What chemo agents predispose to leukemia?

A

Alkyating agents

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9
Q

Who gets CML?

A

65 yo males

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10
Q

What is the incidence of CLL?

A

4/100000, but way underreported

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11
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate of CML? CLL?

A 
CML = 60%
CLL = 80%
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12
Q

True or false: CLL does not usually need to be treated

A

True

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13
Q

What are the SSx of acute leukemia? (4)

A

General fatigue
Pallor
Ostalgia
Fever

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14
Q

What is sweet syndrome?

A

red/violaceous tender nodules and plaques (dermatosis) d/t PMN sequestration

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15
Q

What are the eye findings with acute leukemia?

A

Retinal hemorrhage

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16
Q

What are the CNS findings with acute leukemia?

A

CN palsies

HA

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17
Q

What are the oropharyngeal findings with acute leukemia?

A

wet purpure

Gum infiltration

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18
Q

Is organomegaly common in acute leukemia?

A

No

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19
Q

What is the classification system for AML?

A

FAB (M0-M7)

WHO classification

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20
Q

What is M3 leukemia?

A

acute progranulocytic leukemia

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21
Q

Auer rods = ?

A

AML

fused lysosomes and PMN granules with enzymes and crystalline inclusions

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22
Q

What is leukemia cutis?

A

skin manifestations of leukemia

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23
Q

What are the mouth findings of leukemia?

Study These Flashcards
A

gingival hyperplasia

24
Q

What are the drugs that can cause gingival hyperplasia?

25
What is the recommended site of bone marrow extraction?
PSIS
26
What are the risk factors for bone marrow exams?
DIC Bleeding Infx
27
What is William Damesheck's insight?
Had to give a big dose of chemo to ablate the bone marrow
28
What is the 7+3 induction therapy for AML?
Anthracycline x 3 days + cytarabine x7 days
29
What are the drugs used to consolidation therapy?
High dose cytarabine, then bone marrow transplant
30
What is APL? What is the treatment?
Acute
31
Can there be a philadelphia chromosome with AML?
Yes
32
AML induction support is what?
Transfused pRBCs (irradiate) Abx Antiemetics
33
What is the risk of transfusion with AML during induction support?
TA-GvHD
34
What are the growth factors that can be used with AML induction support?
GM-CSF or G-CSF
35
What food should be avoided in induction support for AML?
no raw berries or veggies grown in dirt
36
What is the problem with tumor lysis in treating leukemia? How do you treat this?
Uric Allopurinol and alkanization of urine
37
What happens with 1st trimester prego with new diagnosis of leukemia?
Child will not survive
38
What is APL genetic cause?
t(15;17) resulting in the fusion of PML/RAR-alpha
39
What is the treatment for APL?
All trans-retinoic acid with 7+3 induction
40
What is the prognosis for APL?
Highly curable
41
What is the major complication with APL?
DIC
42
What is the median age of ALL?
14 years
43
What is the prognosis for ALL if >35 yo
Bad
44
What are the chromosomal translocation for ALL?
t(9;22)
45
What is the treatment for ALL induction?
Ara-c with methotrexate
46
What is the treatment for ALL in adults?
Bone marrow transplant
47
What are the drugs used for ALL maintenance therapy in adults?
6MP Vincristine Methotrexate
48
Is there a maintenance therapy in AML?
NO
49
What are the ssx of CML?
Easy bleeding | Usual CA
50
What did Jane Rowley do?
Argued that specific gene translocations cause specific diseases
51
What is the translocation associated with CML?
9;22 | BCR-ABL promotes Y kinase to promote cell growth
52
What are the three risk factors for CML?
Age Radiation exposure Male
53
What is the treatment for CML?
Imatinib (Gleevec) Dasatinib Nilotinib
54
What is the chemo treatment for CML?
Hydroxyurea
55
What is the major issue with imatinib?
Keep pts on the drug may cause relapse

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