Pathologies of Anemia

Question 1

What is the definition of anemia?

Answer 1

Decreased RBC mass

Question 2

What is the practical definition of anemia?

Answer 2

low Hb or HCT

Question 3

Is anemia a symptom, or a disease?

Answer 3

Symptom

Question 4

What are the three general etiologies of anemia?

Answer 4

Increased blood loss
Impaired RBC production
Increased RBC destruction

Question 5

What is the most common reason for chronic anemia?

Answer 5

Lesion of GI tract (ulcer)

Gynecological disturbances

Question 6

What is fanconi anemia?

Answer 6

Defects in stem cell depletion

Question 7

What are the nutritional deficiencies associated with anemia?

Answer 7

Vit B12/folic acid

Fe deficiency

Question 8

What is the underlying cause of erythropoietin deficiency?

Answer 8

Renal failure

Question 9

What is aplastic anemia?

Question 10

What causes EPO deficiency?

Answer 10

Renal failure

Question 11

What type of anemia are hereditary sphereocytosis?

Answer 11

RBC membrane disorders

Question 12

What type of anemia are hereditary elliptocytosis?

Answer 12

RBC membrane disorder

Question 13

What are the two major enzymatic deficienies that cause anemia?

Answer 13

G6PD deficiency
Glycolytic enzymes (pyruvate kinase)

Question 14

What specific virus can cause hemolytic anemia?

Answer 14

parvovirus B19

Question 15

What is PIGA deficiency ?

Question 16

What are the causes of antibody mediated anemia?

Question 17

What is the MOA of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia?

Answer 17

DIC

Question 18

What is the MOA of cardiac trauma anemia?

Answer 18

defect cardiac valves

Question 19

What chemical will cause anemia?

Answer 19

Pb

Question 20

What disease will cause anemia via sequesstration in mononuclear phagocyte system?

Answer 20

Hypersplenism

Question 21

What is the normal size of an RBC?

Answer 21

7-8 micrometers

Question 22

What is the normal diameter of WBCs?

Answer 22

8-9 micrometers

Question 23

What is the zone of morphology on a PBS? What is the significance of this?

Answer 23

End of the smear

Where RBCs are spread out appropriately

Question 24

What does normochromic mean?

Answer 24

Normal amount of Hb

Question 25

The white center of a RBC is about what proportion of the total diameter of the RBC? What if it is bigger than this? Lower?

Answer 25

1/3 Bigger indicates hypochromic Lower = hyperchromic

Question 26

What is poikilocytosis?

Answer 26

variation in shape of RBCs relative to each other

Question 27

What is anisocytosis?

Answer 27

Term to describe the relative size of RBCs in a smear. Minimal = all are the same

Question 28

What are Howell-jolly bodies?

Answer 28

Purple nuclear remnants that indicate asplenic pts

Question 29

Cells without central pallor are referred to as what?

Answer 29

Hyperchromic

Question 30

Cell with central pallor >1/3 in diameter are referred to as what?

Answer 30

Hypochromic

Question 31

What is polychromasia?

Answer 31

Multiple colors of a RBC

Question 32

What does polychromasia indicate?

Answer 32

high amunt of reticulocytes = Anemia

Question 33

What causes the bluish appearance of reticuloytes?

Answer 33

RNA that is still present in the reticulocyte

Question 34

Presence of nucleated RBCs in a PBS indicates what?

Answer 34

hemolytic anemia

Question 35

What are spherocytes? What two diseases are these found in?

Answer 35

Smaller, hyperchromic RBCs that indicates sphereocytosis or hemolytic anemia

Question 36

What are schistocytes?

Answer 36

broken RBCs

Question 37

What are the two conditions that schistocytes are common in?

Answer 37

DIC/HUS | Other hemolytic anemias

Question 38

Basophilic stippling is caused by what? (3)

Answer 38

**Pb poisoning** Infx Drug/EtOH exposure

Question 39

Tiny blue colored dots in a RBC =?

Answer 39

Basophilic stippling

Question 40

One large dot in a RBC = ?

Answer 40

Howell-Jolly body

Question 41

What is the color change that occurs with maturation of RBCs?

Answer 41

Blue to red

Question 42

Defects in heme synthesis can result from what?

Answer 42

Fe deficiency | Siderblastic anemia

Question 43

A larger than normal RBC may be what?

Answer 43

Reticulocyte

Question 44

What are the four common causes of macrocytic anemia?

Answer 44

Vit/B12 deficiency EtOH use Liver disease Reticulocytosis

Question 45

Reticulocytes over what percent is abnormal?

Answer 45

>3%

Question 46

What happens to intravascular water when there is an anemia?

Answer 46

Shift from interstitial fluid compartment | hemodilution

Question 47

What are the two factors that determine the clinical presentation of blood loss?

Answer 47

Rate of hemorrhage | Whether internal/external

Question 48

When will reticulocytes appear if there is anemia?

Answer 48

reticulocytes