Radiology Flashcards
(44 cards)
What is the most common type of renal carcinoma?
Clear cell variant
What is the MOA of cryoablation?
Freezing and thawing of tumor cells
True or false: you can monitor the ablation zone during a cryoablation procedure
True
What are the disadvantages of cryoablation?
cryoshock–systemic inflammatory response leading to hypotension, respiratory compromise, DIC, and multiorgan failure
What percent of all adult cancers are renal cell carcinomas?
2%
How is RCC usually found?
Incidentally in imaging
What is a stage 1A renal cell carcinoma?
Tumor
What are the advantages of cryoablation?
- Outpatient
- done without general anesthesia
- Preserves renal function
- Fewer complications
True or false: you can diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma with imaging only
True
What is the primary risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in the world? US?
world = hep b US = hep C
What alpha-1-antitrypsin disease?
protease malfunction causing liver and COPD
True or false: you need a cirrhotic liver to develop HCC
False
HCC mortality is (_)x greater in men with BMI
5x
What are the three main risk factors for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma?
HBV/HCV
Alcohol use
Obesity
Who has better 5 year survival rates: those who ablate the hepatocellular tumor, or those who get a liver transplant?
Liver transplant
What is transarterial chemoembolization?
Delivery of highly concentrated chemo in a lipid medium, combined with arterial embolization
What are the two blood supplies to the liver?
Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Why is the dual supply of blood to the liver important in chemoembolization?
allows to concentrate the chemo in the liver, and avoid high systemic doses (tumors usually get blood supply from the hepatic artery)
What is postembolization syndrome? What is the treatment?
N/v and abdominal pain following transarterial chemoembolization
Supportive
What is drug-eluting bead embolization?
300-700 micron beads loaded with chemotherapeutic drug, loaded into a specific tumor site
What is the most common drug used with drug-eluting bead embolization?
Doxorubicin
What is radiofrequency ablation?
Delivery of directed alternating current to create an ionic agitation, frictional heat, and cell death
What is microwave ablation?
Delivery of electromagnetic radiation causing agitation of the water molecules in the surrounding tissue, producing friction and heat
What is radioembolization?
Use of intra-arterially delivered microsphere emitting high dose radiation (Yttrium 90) for the treatment of unresectable liver tumors
