Anaerobic Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Similarities between Clostridium spp. and Bacillus spp.
A
- Spore-forming
- Gram positive (+)
2
Q
Differences between Clostridium spp. and Bacillus spp.
A
CLOSTRIDIUM
* Anaerobic
* Catalase (-)
BACILLUS
* Aerobic
* Catalase (+)
3
Q
Gram stain reaction of Clostridium spp.
A
Gram Positive (+)
4
Q
Catalase reaction of Clostridium spp.
A
Catalase Negative (-)
5
Q
Morphology of Clostridium spp.
A
Bacilli
6
Q
Aerotolerance of Clostridium spp.
A
Anaerobic
7
Q
Habitat of Clostridium spp.
A
Humans and Animals
8
Q
Are Clostridium spp. asaccharolytic?
A
No, they are SACCHAROLYTIC
9
Q
Which species of Clostridium are asaccharolytic?
A
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium septicum
10
Q
Clostridium tetani and Clostridium septicum are capable of _______.
A
Swarming
11
Q
These organisms are capable of swarming.
A
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium septicum
12
Q
Clostridium spp. are capable of producing ______.
A
Toxins
13
Q
Clostridium spp. are classified based on the ______.
A
toxin produced
14
Q
Categories of Clostridium spp. based on the toxin produced
A
- Neurotoxin
- Histotoxin
- Enteric
15
Q
Neurotoxic Clostridium spp.
A
- Clostridium tetani
- Clostridium botulinum
16
Q
Histotoxic Clostridium spp.
A
- Clostridium septicum
- Clostridium perfringens
17
Q
Enteric Clostridium spp.
A
Clostridium difficile
18
Q
The causative agent of Myonecrosis
A
Clostridium perfringens
19
Q
Clostridium perfringens is the causative agent of ________.
A
Myonecrosis
20
Q
Myonecrosis is commonly known as _________.
A
Gas Gangrene
21
Q
Myonecrosis is a ______ infection.
A
cutaneous
22
Q
________ causes food poisoning, particulary PORK POISONING.
A
Clostridium perfringens
23
Q
Which specific type of food poising do Clostridium perfringens cause?
A
Pork Poisoning
24
Q
________ causes Pig Bel (Type C) necrotic enteritis.
A
Clostridium perfringens
25
*Clostridium perfringens* causes which specific type of necrotic enteritis?
Pig Bel (Type C)
26
Is *Clostridium perfringens* encapsulated?
Yes
27
Is *Clostridium perfringens* motile?
No, it is non-motile
28
Which physical characteristic differentiates *Clostridium perfringens* among other species?
Box Car appearance
29
It exhibits a box car appearance
*Clostridium perfringens*
30
The spore of *Clostridium perfringens* is located _________.
subterminally
31
*Clostridium perfringens* produces a double hemolysis on _______.
Blood Agar Plate
32
________ produces a double hemolysis on BAP.
*Clostridium perfringens*
33
*Clostridium perfringens* produces a ________ on BAP.
double hemolysis
34
Describe the inner hemolysis exhibited by *Clostridium perfringens* on BAP.
Complete zone of hemolysis (β) due to Teta toxin
35
The inner hemolysis of *Clostridium perfringens* on BAP is _______.
β-hemolysis
36
The outer hemolysis of *Clostridium perfringens* on BAP is _______.
α-hemolysis
37
Describe the outer hemolysis exhibited by *Clostridium perfringens* on BAP.
Incomplete zone of hemolysis (α) due to alpha-toxin and lecithinase
38
Which is responsible for the complete zone of hemolysis of *Clostridium perfringens* on BAP?
Teta Toxin
39
Which is responsible for the incomplete zone of hemolysis of *Clostridium perfringens* on BAP?
* Alpha Toxin
* Lecithinase
40
Known factor in Reverse CAMP Test
CAMP
41
Unknown factor in Reverse CAMP Test
Phospholipase C
42
What is the purpose of Nagler reaction?
To identify the presence of α-toxin or lecithinase
43
Nagler reaction is also known as _______.
Lecithinase Test
44
Explain the principle of Nagler reaction
To identify the alpha toxin produced by *Clostridium perfringens*. The α-toxin is lecithinase, which will hydrolyze the phospholipid lecithin that can be seen in the culture media (egg-yolk based media). The activity of lecithinase is demonstrated by the growth of the bacteria on the agar containing egg yolk and the presence of α-toxin on the other half as well as no or free from α-toxin on the remaining half.
45
Positive result for Nagler Reaction
* (+) PPT/opalescence on the side withour anti-toxin or
* (+) No PPT/opalescence on the side with anti-toxin
46
It inhibits opalescence and lecithinase.
Anti-toxin
47
Which agar is used for Nagler reaction?
* McClung Toabe
* Neomycin Egg Yolk Agar
48
The culture media for Nagler reaction contains _______.
Lecithin
49
Which toxin targets the CNS?
Neurotoxin
50
Which toxin targets the tissues?
Histotoxin
51
Which toxin targets the GIT?
Enteric
52
*Clostridium botulinum* is also known as _________.
Canned Good Bacillus
53
It is also known as ***"Canned Good Bacillus"***.
*Clostridium botulinum*
54
Why is *Clostridium botulinum* called canned good bacillus?
It is present or produced in canned goods
55
*Clostridium botulinum* is the causative agent of __________.
* Food botulism
* Wound botulism
* Infant botulism
56
The causative agent of food, wound, and infant botulism.
*Clostridium botulinum*
57
Spore description of *Clostridium botulinum*
* Oval
* Subterminal
58
Virulence factors associated with *Clostridium botulinum*
* Toxin-labile
* Botulinum Toxin
59
A neurotoxin that is most potent and powerful.
Botulinum Toxin
60
*Clostridium botulinum* blocks the release of _______.
Acetylcholine
61
Infections associated with *Clostridium botulinum*
* Wound botulism
* Infant botulism (floppy baby syndrome, SIDS)
62
Spore in wound
Wound botulism
63
Honey bee is also known as _______.
Floppy Baby Syndrome
64
Is *Clostridium botulinum* cultured?
Not commonly
65
How is *Clostridium botulinum* identified?
Through Cytotoxin assay using serum
66
What is the purpose of Cytotoxin assay in *Clostridium botulinum*?
To identify the presence of botulinum toxin
67
Which *Clostridium* sp. is lipase (+)?
*Clostridium botulinum*
68
*Clostridium tetani* is also known as _______.
Tuck Head/Drumstick/Lollipop Bacillus
69
It is also known as ***"Tuck head/Drumstick/Lollipop Bacillus"***.
*Clostridium tetani*
70
Why is *Clostridium tetani* called tuck head/drumstick/lollipop bacillus?
Because its spore is round and found terminally
71
*Clostridium tetani* is the causative agent of _______.
Tetanus
72
__________ is the causative agent of Tetanus.
*Clostridium tetani*
73
"lock jaw"
Tetanus
74
"devil's grin"
Risus Sardonicus
75
"arching of the back"
Opisthotonus
76
How is *Clostridium tetani* transmitted?
Through direct inoculation in to the wound
77
Virulence factors associated with *Clostridium tetani*
Tetanospasmin
78
What kind of toxin is tetanospasmin?
Neurotoxin
79
It is associated with spasmic contractions or lock jaw.
Tetanospasmin
80
Is *Clostridium tetani* cultured?
Not commonly
81
Which specimen is used in Cytotoxin assay for the detection of botulinum toxin?
Serum
82
The causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.
*Clostridium difficile*
83
Most commonly associated antibiotic for *Clostridium difficile*
Clindamycin
84
Spore description of *Clostridium difficile*
Oval and subterminal
85
Which agar is used for *Clostridium difficile*?
Cycloserine-Cefoxitin Fructose Agar (CCFA)
86
*Clostridium difficile* ferments _______.
Fructose
87
Which tests are done to detect the toxin produced by *Clostridium difficile*?
* EIA
* Cytotoxin assay
88
Which specimen is used to detect the presence of toxin produced by *Clostridium difficile*?
Stool
89
The only non-motile species of *Clostridium*
*Clostridium perfringens*
90
The only species of *Clostridium* that can ferment lactose
*Clostridium perfringens*
91
*Lactobacillus acidophilus* is a normal flora of the ________.
Mouth, GIT, Vaginal Canal
92
________ is also known as Doderlein Bacillus.
*Lactobacillus acidophilus*
93
*Lactobacillus acidophilus* is also known as _______.
Doderlein Bacillus
94
Is *Lactobacillus acidophilus* pathogenic?
No
| But they can be an opportunistic pathogen
95
An organism which is an occupational hazard in meat, poultry, and fish handlers.
*Lactobacillus acidophilus*
96
Which culture is used to propagate *Lactobacillus acidophilus*?
Tomato Juice Agar
97
Which species is found in Yakult?
*Lactobacillus casei*
98
*Lactobacillus casei* is found famously in ______.
Yakult
99
*Lactobacillus casei* is also known as _______.
Shirota Strain
100
Shirota strain is pertaining to _______.
*Lactobacillus casei*
101
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Lactobacillus* spp.?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Bacilli
102
It causes lumpy jaw
*Actinomyces bovis*
103
*Actinomyces bovis* causes ______.
lumpy jaw
104
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Actinomyces* spp.?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Bacilli
105
It characterized by the presence of lesion on the sinus tract; draining sinus tract with sulfur granules.
*Actinomyces israeli*
106
These are the causative agents of Periodontal Molar Tooth Colony Disease
* *Bifidobacterium dentium*
* *Eubacterium lentum*
107
*Bifidobacterium dentium* and *Eubacterium lentum* are the causative agents of _________.
Periodontal Molar Tooth Colony Disease
108
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Bifidobacterium dentium* and *Eubacterium lentum* spp.?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Bacilli
109
A skin flora, normally causing pimples.
*Propionibacterium acnes*
110
An organism which requires 20% bile.
*Bacteroides fragilis*
111
*Bacteroides fragilis* requires _______.
20% bile
112
What color does *Bacteroides fragilis* colonies exhibit?
Black
113
*Bacteroides fragilis* is a normal flora of the _______.
GIT
114
______ produces a foul odor.
*Bacteroides fragilis*
115
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Bacteroides fragilis*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli
116
# **Which organism is it?**
* Black colonies
* Red fluorescence on UVL
*Porphyromonas asaccharolytica*
117
# **Which organism is it?**
* Black colonies
* Red fluorescence on UVL
* Saccharolytic
*Prevotella melaninogenica*
118
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Porphyromonas asaccharolytica?*
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli
119
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Prevotella melaninogenica*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli
120
# **Which organism is it?**
* Breadcrumb colonies
* Fusiform bacilli
*Fusobacterium nucleatum*
121
# **Which organism is it?**
Vincent's angina
*Fusobacterium necrophorum*
122
# **Which organism is it?**
Pitting of the agar
*Bacteroides ureolyticus*
123
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Fusobacterium nucleatum*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli
124
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Fusobacterium necrophorum*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli
125
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Bacteroides ureolyticus*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Bacilli
126
# **Which organism is it?**
* SPS Sensitive
* Indole and Catalase (-)
*Peptostreptococcus anaerobius*
127
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Peptostreptococcus anaerobius*?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci
128
# **Which organism is it?**
Catalase (+)
*Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus*
129
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus*?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci
130
# **Which organism is it?**
Staphylococcus like
*Peptostreptococcus niger*
131
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Peptostreptococcus niger*?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci
132
# **Which organism is it?**
Most pathogenic anaerobic cocci
*Finegoldia magna*
133
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Finegoldia magna*?
Gram Positive (+) Anaerobic Cocci
134
# **Which organism is it?**
* Red fluorescence in UVL
* Nitrate (+)
*Veilonella parvula*
135
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Veilonella parvula*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Cocci
136
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Megasphera*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Cocci
137
What is the gram stain reaction and aerotolerance of *Acidaaminococcus*?
Gram Negative (-) Anaerobic Cocci
