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Bacteriology > Non-Fermenting And Miscellanous Gram Negative Bacilli > Flashcards

Non-Fermenting And Miscellanous Gram Negative Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters acidify Oxidation-Fermentation (OF) medium.

A

False

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2
Q

Which medium is used for oxidation-fermentation reactions for non-fermenters?

A

Hugh-Leifson Medium

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters will fail to acidify ONLY the tube which contains mineral oil in an OF reaction.

A

False

They will fail to acidify BOTH tubes

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters faily to acidify Triple Iron Sugar Agar (TSIA).

A

True

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5
Q

A test that is used for carbohydrate utilization, wherein the tube contains a slanted and butt portion.

A

Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA)

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6
Q

The Slanted portion in TSIA is used for __________.

A

Lactose and Sucrose Fermentation

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7
Q

The Butt portion in TSIA is used for __________.

A

Glucose Fermentation

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8
Q

What is the result when non-fermenters reacted in TSIA?

A

None

The medium will remain red (alkaline)

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9
Q

Non-fermenters grow in ________ environment.

A

an aerobic

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
All non-fermenters are non-oxidizers or asaccharolytic.

A

False

Some members oxidize carbohydrates (oxiders)

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are oxidase (+)

A

True

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12
Q

The ONLY non-fermenter that is NON-MOTILE.

A

Burkholderia mallei

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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are MOTILE

A

True

Except for B. mallei

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14
Q

Optimum temperature range of Non-fermenters.

A

30-37 C

They are mesophilic

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters are thermophilic.

A

False

Mesophilic

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16
Q

________ is the only species that is MacConkey Negative (-).

A

Acidovorax facilis

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17
Q

________ are Catalase Positive (+).

A

Pseudomonas spp.

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Generally, non-fermenters prefer a moist environment.

A

True

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19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Non-fermenters have an oxidase-positive reaction, and they all exhibit a strong reaction.

A

False

Their reaction can be weak and variable.

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20
Q

Non-fermenters exhibit non-reactivity in ____ hours in commercial kit systems used for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae.

A

24

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21
Q

Non-fermenters exhibit non-reactivity in 24 hours in commercial kit systems used for the identification of ____________.

A

Enterobacteriaceae

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22
Q

Non-fermenters are resistant to a variety of antimicrobial agents such as ________.

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Cephalosporin
  • Penicillin
  • Fluoroquinolones
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23
Q

New Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans

A

Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. xylosoxidans

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24
Q

Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. xylosoxidans

A

New Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans

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25
Q

New Name: Achromobacter denitrificans

A

Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. denitificans

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26
Q

Old Name: Achromobacter xylosoxidans var. denitrificans

A

New Name: Achromobacter denitrificans

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27
Q

New Name: Bergeyella zoohelcum

A

Old Name: Weeksella zoohelcum

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28
Q

Old Name: Weeksella zoohelcum

A

New Name: Bergeyella zoohelcum

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29
Q

New Name: Brevundimonas diminuta

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas diminuta

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30
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas diminuta

A

New Name: Brevundimonas diminuta

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31
Q

New Name: Burkholderia mallei

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas mallei

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32
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas mallei

A

New Name: Burkholderia mallei

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33
Q

New Name: Chryseobacterium gleum

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium gleum

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34
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium gleum

A

New Name: Chryseobacterium gleum

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35
Q

New Name: Chryseobacterium indologenes

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium indologenes

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36
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium indologenes

A

New Name: Chryseobacterium indologenes

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37
Q

New Name: Cupriavidus pauculus

A

Old Name: Ralstonia pauculus

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38
Q

Old Name: Ralstonia pauculus

A

New Name: Cupriavidus pauculus

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39
Q

New Name: Cupriavidus gilardi

A

Old Name: Ralstonia gilardi

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40
Q

Old Name: Ralstonia gilardi

A

New Name: Cupriavidus gilardi

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41
Q

New Name: Delftia acidovorans

A

Old Name: Comomonas acidovorans

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42
Q

Old Name: Comomonas acidovorans

A

New Name: Delftia acidovorans

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43
Q

New Name: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

A

Old Name: Chryseobacterium meningoseptium

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44
Q

Old Name: Chryseobacterium meningoseptium

A

New Name: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

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45
Q

New Name: Empedobacter brevis

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium brevis

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46
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium brevis

A

New Name: Empedobacter brevis

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47
Q

New Name: Methylobacterium mesophilicum

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas mesophilica

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48
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas mesophilica

A

New Name: Methylobacterium mesophilicum

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49
Q

New Name: Myroides odoratus

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium odoratum

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50
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium odoratum

A

New Name: Myroides odoratus

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51
Q

New Name: Neisseria animaloris

A

Old Name: CDC Group EF-4a

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52
Q

Old Name: CDC Group EF-4a

A

New Name: Neisseria animaloris

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53
Q

New Name: Neisseria zoodegmatis

A

Old Name: CDC Group EF-4b

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54
Q

Old Name: CDC Group EF-4b

A

New Name: Neisseria zoodegmatis

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55
Q

New Name: Ochrobactrum anthropi

A

Old Name: Achromobacter biovar. 1,2 or Vd-1

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56
Q

Old Name: Achromobacter biovar. 1,2 or Vd-1

A

New Name: Ochrobactrum anthropi

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57
Q

New Name: Pandoraea spp.

A

Old Name: CDC WO-2

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58
Q

Old Name: CDC WO-2

A

New Name: Pandoraea spp.

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59
Q

New Name: Paracoccus yeei

A

Old Name: CDC Group EO-2

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60
Q

Old Name: CDC Group EO-2

A

New Name: Paracoccus yeei

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61
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas luteola

A

Old Name: Chryseomonas luteola

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62
Q

Old Name: Chryseomonas luteola

A

New Name: Pseudomonas luteola

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63
Q

New Name: Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus

A

Old Name: Moraxella phenylpyruvica

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64
Q

Old Name: Moraxella phenylpyruvica

A

New Name: Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus

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65
Q

New Name: Ralstonia mannitolilytica

A

Old Name: Ralstonia pickettii biovar. 3/”thomasii”

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66
Q

Old Name: Ralstonia pickettii biovar. 3/”thomasii”

A

New Name: Ralstonia mannitolilytica

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67
Q

New Name: Ralstonia pickettii

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas pickettii

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68
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas pickettii

A

New Name: Ralstonia picketti

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69
Q

New Name: Rhizobium radiobacter

A

Old Name: Agrobacterium radiobacter

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70
Q

Old Name: Agrobacterium radiobacter

A

New Name: Rhizobium radiobacter

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71
Q

New Name: Sphingobacterium multivorum

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium multivorum

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72
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium multivorum

A

New Name: Sphingobacterium multivorum

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73
Q

New Name: Sphingobacterium mizutaii

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium mizutaii

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74
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium mizutaii

A

New Name: Sphingobacterium mizutaii

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75
Q

New Name: Sphingobacterium spiritivorum

A

Old Name: Flavobacterium spiritivorum

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76
Q

Old Name: Flavobacterium spiritivorum

A

New Name: Sphingobacterium spiritivorum

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77
Q

New Name: Sphingomonas paucimobilis

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas paucimobilis and CDC group II-k1

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78
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas paucimobilis and CDC group IIk-1

A

New Name: Sphingomonas paucimobilis

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79
Q

New Name: Acidovorax delafieldii

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas delafieldii

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80
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas delafieldii

A

New Name: Acidovorax delafieldii

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81
Q

New Name: Acidovorax facilis

A

Old Name: -

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82
Q

New Name: Acidovorax temperans

A

Old Name: -

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83
Q

New Name: Brevundimonas vesicularis

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas vesicularis

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84
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas vesicularis

A

New Name: Brevundinmonas vesicularis

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85
Q

New Name: Burkholderia cepacia complex

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas cepacia

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86
Q

Old Name:
Pseudomonas cepacia

A

New Name: Burkholderia cepacia complex

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87
Q

New Name: Burkholderia pseudomallei

A

Old Name: Pseudomonas pseudomallei

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88
Q

Old Name: Pseudomonas pseudomallei

A

New Name: Burkholderia pseudomallei

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89
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Old Name: -

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90
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas fluorescens

A

Old Name: -

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91
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas mendocina

A

Old Name: -

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92
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas moteilii

A

Old Name: -

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93
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas stutzeri

A

Old Name: -

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94
Q

New Name: Pseudomonas veronii

A

Old Name: -

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95
Q

New Name: Ralstonia insidiosa

A

Old Name: CDC group IVc-2

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96
Q

These are weak-fermenters that exhibit yellow pigmentation.

A
  • Elizabethkingia spp.
  • Chryseobacterium spp.
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97
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Elizabethkingia spp. and Chryseobacterium spp.

A

Yellow

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98
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Sphingomonas paucimobilis

A

Yellow

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99
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Pseudomonas luteola

A

Yellow

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100
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

A

Yellow

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101
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Sphingobacterium spp.

A

Yellow

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102
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Pseudomonas stutzeri

A

Yellow

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103
Q

A bacterium which exhibits a light-yellow pigmentation and wrinkled colonies.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

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104
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Methylobacterium spp.

A

Pink

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105
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Roseomonas spp.

A

Pink

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106
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Acinetobacter spp.

A

Purple (MacConkey Agar)

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107
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Blue-green

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108
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Chromobacterium violaceum

A

Violet

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109
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

A

Lavender to Lavender-green

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110
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Pseudomonas stutzeri

A

Tan (occassionally)

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111
Q

identifiy the color of the pigmentation

Shewanella putrefaciens

A

Tan (occassionally)

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112
Q

Non-fermenters with wrinkled colonies

A
  • Pseudomonas stutzeri
  • Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
  • Burkholderia pseudomallei
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113
Q

Non-fermenters with sweet odor

A
  • Alcaligenes faecalis
  • Myroides odoratus
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa (grapes)
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114
Q

Non-fermenter with a grape-like odor

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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115
Q

Non-fermenters with popcorn odor

A
  • CDC Group EO-4
  • Neisseria zoodegmatis
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116
Q

Non-fermenters that are non-motile

A
  • Acinetobacter spp.
  • Moraxella spp.
  • Chryseobacterium spp. and Elizabethkingia spp.
  • Sphingobacterium spp.
  • Oligella spp.
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117
Q

A non-fermenter that is not motile, but may glide.

A

Sphingobacterium spp.

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118
Q

Non-fermenters that are oxidase negative

A
  • Acinetobacter spp.
  • Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
  • Pseudomonas luteola
  • Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
  • Pseudomonas cepacia
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119
Q

Non-fermenters that are H2S positive

A

Shewanella putrefaciens

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120
Q

They are gram negative (-) bacilli or cocobacilli.

A

Pseudomonas spp.

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121
Q

Pseudomonas spp. have a strictly ________ metabolism.

A

aerobic

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122
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas spp. are MOTILE

A

True

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123
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas spp. are oxidase-positive.

A

True (but not all)

Except: P. luteola, P. oryzihabitans, P. cepacia

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124
Q

Pseudomonas spp.

Test: Oxidase
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

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125
Q

Are Pseudomonas spp. catalase positive?

A

Yes

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126
Q

Pseudomonas spp. usually grow on ____ agar.

A

MAC

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127
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas spp. are usually an oxidizer of carbohydrates.

A

True

But some species are asaccharolytic

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128
Q

They are capable of producing water-soluble pigments, such as yellow-green pigments and blue pigments.

A

Pseudomonas spp.

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129
Q

The yellow-green pigment produced by Pseudomonas spp. are called _________.

A

Pyoverdine

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130
Q

The blue pigment produced by Pseudomonas spp. are called _________.

A

Pyocyanin

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131
Q

The combination of the pigments pyocyanin and pyoverdine results to a ______ color.

A

Bright-green

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132
Q

Pseudomonas fluorescent group

A
  • P. aeruginosa
  • P. fluorescens
  • P. putida
  • P. monteilii
  • P. veronii
  • P. mosselii
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133
Q

Pseudomonas non-fluorescent group

A
  • P. stutzeri
  • P. mendocina
  • P. alcaligenes
  • P. pseudoalcaligenes
  • P. luteola
  • P. oryzihabitans
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134
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is non-motile and round-shaped.

A

False

MOTILE and ROD-shaped

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135
Q

What is the aerotolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

A

Obligate Aerobe

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136
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing a ________ or ________ odor.

A

sweet or grape-like or corn taco-like

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137
Q

The odor produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is due to the presence of __________.

A

2-aminoacetophenone

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138
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing a non-fluorescent pigment called _________.

A

Pyocyanin

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139
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is capable of producing a fluorescent pigment called _________.

A

Pyoverdine

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140
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is not capable of producing dark red and brown-black pigments.

A

False

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141
Q

The dark red pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is called _______.

A

Pyorubin

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142
Q

The brown-black pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is called _______.

A

Pyomelanin

143
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows well at ________.

A

37 - 42 C

144
Q

________ grows well at 37 - 42 C.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

145
Q

The growth of P. aeruginosa at 42 C _________.

A

helps them to be differentiated among other Pseudomonas spp. and fluorescent group.

146
Q

The growth of P. aeruginosa at ____ helps them to be differentiated among other Pseudomonas spp. and fluorescent group.

A

42 C

147
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa can ferment carbohydrates.

A

False

148
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa is oxidase positive.

A

True

149
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa can oxidize glucose.

A

True

150
Q

________ is capable of denitrificating nitrates and nitrites.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

151
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa is Arginine dihydrolysis negative.

A

False

ARGININE DIHYDROLYSIS POSITIVE

152
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. aeruginosa exhibits citrate negativity.

A

False

CITRATE POSITIVITY

153
Q

________ is capable of acetamide utilization.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

154
Q

Which culture media is used for the identification of P. aeruginosa?

A

Cetrimide Agar

155
Q

Which is the type of agar is cetrimide agar according to function?

A

Selective and Differential

156
Q

The detergent inhibitor in cetrimide agar.

A

Cetrimide

157
Q

Cetrimide is a _________.

A

detergent inhibitor

158
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Lipopolysaccharide
Function: ?

A

Antiphagocytic activity, cytoxicity

159
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Antiphagocytic activity, cytoxicity

A

Lipopolysaccharide

160
Q

________ is a virulence factor which is responsible for many endotoxic properties.

A

Lipopolysaccharide

161
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Pili
Function: ?

A

Adhesion

162
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Adhesion

A

Pili

163
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Flagella
Function: ?

A

Motility, Adhesion

164
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Motility, Adhesion

A

Flagella

165
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Type III Secretion System
Function: ?

A

Cytotoxic Activity

166
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxic Activity

A

Type III Secretion System

167
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Phospholipases
Function: ?

A

Cytotoxicity

168
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxicity

A

Phospholipases

169
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Proteases
Function: ?

A

Cytotoxicity, Proteolytic Actvity

170
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxicity, Proteolytic Activity

A

Proteases

171
Q

The most important virulence factor of P. aeruginosa

A

Exotoxin A

172
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Exotoxin A
Function: ?

A

Cytotoxicity, Blocks protein synthesis

173
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Cytotoxicity, Blocks protein synthesis

A

Exotoxin A

174
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: Capsule
Function: ?

A

Antiphagocytic Activity

175
Q

Virulence Factors of P. aeruginosa

Virulence Factor: ?
Function: Antiphagocytic Activity

A

Capsule

176
Q

Wounds and burns contaminated by P. aeruginosa contains a ______ pus.

A

blue-green colored

177
Q

It causes necrotizing pneumonia.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

178
Q

A chronic pneumonia

A

Cystic Fibrosis

179
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by __________.

A

P. aeruginosa

180
Q

It causes mild otitis externa in swimmers.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

181
Q

It causes invasive otitis externa in patients with diabetes.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

182
Q

It causes fatal sepsis in infants.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

183
Q

A clinical finding which has a presence of erythema or redness that usually does not contain pus.

A

Ecthyma Gangrenosum

184
Q

Ecthyma gangrenosum is caused by ______.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

185
Q

A clinical finding acquired from poorly chlorinated hot tubs and swimming pools.

A

Folliculitis

186
Q

Folliculitis is caused by _________.

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

187
Q

Treatment of choice for P. aeruginosa

A
  • Piperacillin and ticarcillin
  • 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime and cefepime)
  • Carbapenems (except ertapenem)
  • Fluoroquinolones
188
Q

These can be isolated from respiratory specimens, contaminated blood products, urine, and other hospital equipment.

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida

189
Q

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida can grow at ______.

A

4 C

190
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. fluorescens and P. putida can reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.

A

False

191
Q

__________ cannot reduce nitrate to nitrogen gas.

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida

192
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. fluorescens and P. putida can produce acid from glucose.

A

False

Produce acid from XYLOSE

193
Q

__________ can produce acid from xylose.

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida

194
Q

Which is used to differentiate Pseudomonas fluorescens from Pseudomonas putida?

A

Gelatin Hydrolysis

195
Q

Which is positive in gelatin hydrolysis?

A

Pseudomonas fluorescens

196
Q

Which is negative in gelatin hydrolysis?

A

Pseudomonas putida

197
Q

They are non-pigmented and non-hemolytic.

A

Pseudomonas moselii

198
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mosselii is positive for oxidase.

A

True

199
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mosselii is negative for catalase.

A

False

200
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mosselii is negative for ADH.

A

False

201
Q

The optimal growth of P. mosselii occurs at ______.

A

30 C

202
Q

They have wrinkled, leathery, and adherent colonies.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

203
Q

P. stutzeri exhibits a ______ or _____ pigment.

A

light-yellow or brown

204
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. stutzeri is ADH negative.

A

True

205
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. stutzeri is positive in starch hydrolysis.

A

True

206
Q

________ can grow in an anaerobic environment in nitrate-containing media.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

207
Q

_____ can cause septicemia.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

208
Q

_____ can cause meningitis in HIV-infected patients.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

209
Q

_____ can cause pneumonia especially in CF and ICP.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

210
Q

_____ can cause endocarditis.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

211
Q

_____ can cause post-surgical wound infections.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

212
Q

_____ can cause septic arthritis.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

213
Q

_____ can cause conjunctivitis.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

214
Q

_____ can cause UTIs.

A

Pseudomonas stutzeri

215
Q

They produce non-wrinkled, and flat colonies that may appear with a yellowish-brown pigment.

A

Pseudomonas mendocina

216
Q

P. mendocina exhibits a _____ and _____ appearance.

A

smooth and buttery

217
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is positive for ADH.

A

True

218
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is positive for oxidase.

A

True

219
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina produces pyoverdine pigment.

A

False

220
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is positive for acetamide.

A

False

221
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is motile with a single polar flagella.

A

True

222
Q

P. mendocina oxidizes ____ and _____.

A

glucose and xylose

223
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina is non-proteolytic.

A

True

224
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. mendocina hydrolyzes starch.

A

False

225
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes are both oxidase negative.

A

False

226
Q

They are biochemically negative in many tests.

A

Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

227
Q

They are considered as contaminants when isolated from clinical specimens.

A

Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

228
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes are not capable of growing on MAC agar.

A

False

229
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. alcaligenes and P. pseudoalcaligenes are motile with polar flagellum.

A

True

230
Q

_________ is ADH positive and will weakly ferment fructose.

A

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

231
Q

They are gram negative, non-fermentative, oxidase-negative bacilli.

A

Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

232
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans are catalase positive.

A

True

233
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans are non-motile.

A

False

234
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can oxidize glucose.

A

True

235
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can grow on MAC agar.

A

True

236
Q

______ can produce an intracellular non-diffusible yellow pigment.

A

Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

237
Q

______ can produce wrinkled or rough colonies at 48 hours.

A

Pseudomonas luteola and Pseudomonas oryzihabitans

238
Q

P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can produce ________ colonies at 48 hours.

A

wrinkled or rough

239
Q

P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans can produce wrinkled or rough colonies at ______.

A

48 hours

240
Q

These tests are used to differentiate P. luteola and P. oryzihabitans.

A
  • O-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside (ONPG) Test
  • Esculin Hydrolysis
241
Q

Which enzyme is being detected in ONPG test?

A

β-galactosidase

242
Q

β-galactosidase is present in _______.

A

Late Lactose Fermenters

243
Q

These are aerobic, catalase positive, and oxidase negative bacteria.

A

Acinetobacter spp.

244
Q

Aerotolerance of Acinetobacter spp.

A

Aerobic

245
Q

Acinetobacter spp. appear as ______ on smears.

A

diplococci

246
Q

_______ resemble Neisseria spp.

A

Acinetobacter spp.

247
Q

Acinetobacter spp. resemble __________.

A

Neisseria spp.

248
Q

Acinetobacter spp. grow best at ________.

A

35-37 C

249
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Acinetobacter spp. are anaerobic.

A

False

250
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Acinetobacter spp. are catalase positive.

A

True

251
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Acinetobacter spp. oxidase positive.

A

False

252
Q

Acinetobacter spp.

The most commonly isolated in clinical laboratories.

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

253
Q

Acinetobacter spp.

Glucose oxidizing, non-hemolytic strain

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

254
Q

Acinetobacter spp.

It is described to colonize the human skin and cause occasionally infections in ICP.

A

Acinetobacter radioresistens

255
Q

Acinetobacter spp.

Glucose-negative, non-hemolytic strain

A

Acinetobacter lwoffii

256
Q

They primarily affect patients with weakened immune systems and co-existing diseases.

A

Acinetobacter spp.

257
Q

________ causes tracheobronchitis.

A

Acinetobacter spp.

258
Q

________ causes cellulitis.

A

Acinetobacter spp.

259
Q

This can be acquired from the contamination of catheters, and introduction of foreign bodies.

A

Cellulitis

260
Q

It causes eye infections, such as endophtalmitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcerations.

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

261
Q

Which bacteria can resist decolorization and retain the crystal violet stain?

A

Acinetobacter spp.

262
Q

Which bacteria exhibits a purplish hue on MAC agar?

A

Acinetobacter spp.

some species

263
Q

Which strain of Acinetobacter sp. is saccharolytic?

A

Acinetobacter baumannii

264
Q

Which strain of Acinetobacter sp. is asaccharolytic?

A

Acinetobacter lwoffii

265
Q

Is A. baumannii susceptible to the antibiotic carbapenem?

A

No

resistant

266
Q

CRAB stands for ______.

A

Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii

267
Q

Which antibiotic is A. baumannii susceptible to?

A
  • Colistin
  • Tigecycline
268
Q

It is the third most common non-fermentative, gram-negative bacillus in the clinical laboratory.

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

269
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia colonies may appear _____ on MAC agar.

A

bluish

270
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for catalase.

A

Positive

271
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for DNAse.

A

Positive

272
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for esculin.

A

Positive

273
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for gelatin hydrolysis.

A

Positive

274
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for lysine decarboxylase.

A

Positive

275
Q

It is characterized by a weak, slow, and positive oxidase reaction.

A

Burkholderia cepacia complex

276
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex oxidizes glucose, but many will oxidize ________.

A

maltose, lactose, and mannitol

277
Q

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is ______ for gelatin hydrolysis.

A

Positive

278
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Test: Lysine decarboxylase
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

279
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Test: O-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

280
Q

Burkholderia cepacia complex

Test: Ornithine decarboxylase
Result:?

A

Negative (-)

281
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Burkholderia cepacia complex fail to reduce nitrate to nitrite.

A

True

282
Q

B. cepacia complex causes ______ in plants.

A

onion bulb rot

283
Q

B. cepacia complex causes ______ in humans.

A

foot rot

284
Q

The only non-motile bacteria among Pseudomonas spp.

A

Burkholderia mallei

285
Q

Describe the colonies of B. mallei on BAP

A

smooth, cream to white

286
Q

Burkholderia mallei

Test: Oxidase
Result:?

A

Weakly Positive (+)

287
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
B. mallei can grow in 42 C

A

False

288
Q

What disease is caused by B. mallei?

A

Glander’s Disease

289
Q

A respiratory tract zoonosis caused by B. mallei

A

Glander’s Disease

290
Q

Glander’s disease is an infectious disease of ______________.

A

horses, goats, sheeps, and donkeys

291
Q

It is the disseminated form of Glander’s disease.

A

Farcy

292
Q

B. mallei is considered to be a _____________.

A

potential bioterrorism agent

293
Q

Describe the colonies of B. pseudomallei on BAP

A

Cream to tan wrinkled colonies

294
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei

Test: ADH
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

295
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
B. pseudomallei is highly oxidative

A

True

296
Q

Which disease is caused by B. pseudomallei?

A

Melioidosis

297
Q

Melioidosis is a ________ disease.

A

pulmonary

298
Q

A glanderslike disease which has a long latent period.

A

Melioidosis

299
Q

It is also called as the “Vietnamese Time Bomb”

A

Meliodosis

300
Q

Why was meliodosis called as the “vietnamese time bomb”?

A

Because the manifestation of symptoms takes years

301
Q

It produces a yellow pigment after 48-72 hours of incubation.

A

Burkholderia gladioli

302
Q

B. gladioli produces a ____ pigment after 48-72 hours of incubation.

A

yellow

303
Q

B. gladioli produces a yellow pigment after ________ of incubation.

A

48-72 hours

304
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
B. gladioli is motile by means of one polar flagella.

A

False

One or two polar flagella

305
Q

Burkholderia gladioli

Test: Catalase
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

306
Q

Burkholderia gladioli

Test: Urease
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

307
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
B. gladioli grows on MAC agar.

A

True

308
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
B. gladioli can oxidize glucose.

A

True

309
Q

Burkholderia gladioli

Test: Mannitol
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

310
Q

Burkholderia gladioli

Test: Decarboxylase
Result:?

A

Negative (-)

311
Q

Burkholderia gladioli

Test: Oxidase
Result:?

A

Negative (-)

Some strains are weakly positive (+)

312
Q

They both can be found on water, and are usually resistant to disinfectants.

A

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp.

313
Q

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. can be found on ____.

A

water

314
Q

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. are usually resistant to ______.

A

disinfectants

315
Q

Aerotolerance of Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp.

A

Obligate aerobes

316
Q

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. possess a _______ flagella.

A

peritichous

317
Q

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. produces a ______ odor.

A

fruity

318
Q

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. can cause a _______discoloration on SBA.

A

green

319
Q

They can cause a green discoloration on SBA.

A

Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp.

320
Q

In terms of OF media, both Achromobacter spp. and Alcaligenes spp. are _______.

A

non-oxidative

They produce a deep blue color

321
Q

B. diminuta is motile, and posses a _____ polar flagella.

A

single

322
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
B. diminuta is capable of oxidizing glucose.

A

True

323
Q

Brevundimonas diminuta

Test: Oxidase
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

324
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Most strains of B. diminuta grow on SBA agar.

A

False

MAC agar

325
Q

B. diminuta is usually considered as ______.

A

contaminant

326
Q

A slender rod, with polar flagella.

A

Brevundimonas vesicularis

327
Q

Only about ____ of B. diminuta grows on MAC agar.

A

25%

328
Q

Brevundimonas vesicularis

Test: Oxidase
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

329
Q

Most strains of _____ produce an orange intracellular pigment.

A

Brevundimonas vesicularis

330
Q

Most strains of B. vesicularis produce an ____ intracellular pigment.

A

orange

331
Q

B. vesicularis can oxidize _____ and ____.

A

glucose and maltose

332
Q

To differentiate B. diminuta from B. vesicularis, we can perform the _______.

A

Esculin Hydrolysis

333
Q

Brevundimonas diminuta

Test: Esculin hydrolysis
Result:?

A

Rarely Positive (+)

334
Q

Brevundimonas vesicularis

Test: Esculin hydrolysis
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

335
Q

EO stands for _____.

A

Eugonic Oxidizer

336
Q

CDC GROUPS EO-3, EO-4, Paracoccus

Test: Oxidase
Result:?

A

Positive (+)

337
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. are motile.

A

False

Non-motile

338
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. are saccharolytic.

A

True

339
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. are bacilli.

A

False

Coccobacilli

340
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. grow weakly on MAC agar.

A

True

341
Q

CDC Groups EO-3 and 4, and Paracoccus spp. can all oxidize _____ and _____.

A

glucose and xylose

342
Q

____ and ____ isolates have a yellow, non-diffusible pigment.

A

EO-3 and EO-4

343
Q

Aerotolerance of Chromobacterium violaceum

A

Facultative Anaerobe

344
Q

What do you call the violet pigment produced by Chromobacterium violaceum?

A

Violacein

345
Q

Straight to slightly curved rods

A

Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp.

346
Q

They are motile by means of multitrichous flagella.

A

Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp.

347
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp. produce alkalinity in OF media.

A

True

348
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.
Comamonas spp. and Delftia spp. cannot reduce nitrate to nitrite.

A

False

349
Q

They cause nosocomial bacteremia.

A

Comamonas testosteroni and Comamonas terrigena

350
Q

It is associated with keratitis in soft contact lens wearers.

A

Delftia acidovorans

351
Q

It is associated with catheter-related bacteremia.

A

Delftia tsuruhatensis

352
Q

All members of the Family Flavobacteriaceae are non-motile EXCEPT ______.

A

Balneatrix alpica

353
Q

Flavobacteriaceae exhibits a ________ discoloration of the agar on media with blood.

A

Lavender-green

354
Q

A family of bacteria which exhibits a fruity odor.

A

Flavobacteriaceae

Bacteriology (17 decks)

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