Introduction to Diagnostic Bacteriology Flashcards
If prokaryotes don’t have a nuclear membrane, what do they have instead?
nucleoid region
He devised the word “sterile.”
Ferdinand Cohn
How can you say that a nucleus is a true nucleus?
If it is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.
He devised a microbial control method wherein heating and resting is repeated.
John Tyndall
These are microbes that is characterized by the presence of organelles; living organisms
Cellular
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Spontaneous Generation disproved
Louis Pasteur
Ferdinand Cohn contribution in 1849
He developed a histological tissue stain that are vegetable dyes.
These are non-pathogenic microorganisms that reside in the human body.
Normal Flora
These are pathogenic determinants that determine if a certain bacteria causes infection or not.
Virulence Factors
These are bacteria that requires oxygen for growth.
Aerobes
Period:
Contribution: DNA sequencing method
1977
It is characterized by a rapid/sudden onset of signs and symptoms which are usually severe to fatal that may lead to death.
Acute Infection
These are very simple microbes that depend on their host cell for survival and replication.
Virus
Epidemics of plague also occurred in Greece around _________.
430 BC
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes are under __________.
Cellular Microbes
The two temperatures for Pasteurization.
60 - 65 C (30 mins)
70 - 75 C (15 mins)
What is the magnification of Leeuwenhoek’s simple microscope?
30x - 200x
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Observation of “little animals”
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
Give example/s of non-sterile specimens
stool, urine, sputum
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Petri-dish
Richard J. Petri
The establishment of substantial amount of microorganisms.
Colonization
Key Scientist:
Contribution: First Rabies Vaccination
Louis Pasteur
What does ubiquitous mean?
virtually everywhere
Period:
Contribution: Koch’s Postulate
1882
What does the theory of spontaneous generation state?
Life can arise from non-living matter.
Period:
Contribution: Petri-dish
1887
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Anaerobic Jars
McIntosh and Filde
This refers to to readily observable evidence of disease; physical manifestation
Signs
Plague is an example of a ___________ infection.
Zoonotic
Two Classifications of Microbes
Cellular and Acellular
Syphilis was carried to Europe by the _________.
Native Americans
Period:
Contribution: Gram Staining
1884
It was the year when Leeuwenhoek first documented and recorded the specimen.
1684
The ability of an organism to cause disease in a host.
Pathogenicity
The first form of Plague is the ___________.
Bubonic Plague
What are spores?
It’s like an armor that resists adverse conditions.
An infection which can be acquired from animals
Zoonotic Infection (Zoonosis)
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Advocating Handwashing
Ignaz Semmelweis
Which bacteria did Koch notice that does not get affected by ordinary stain?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Period:
Contribution: Proof that mosquitos carry the agent of yellow fever
1900
Enumerate example/s of endogenous infection
S. pneumoniae, UTI, Septicemia (explain)
He clarified that heat would sometimes fail to eliminate all microorganisms.
Ferdinand Cohn
What were the two bacteria that Koch discovered to be the cause of tuberculosis and cholera?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Vibrio cholerae
Which organelles do prokaryotes have?
nucleoid region and ribosomes
He showed quite clearly that women became infected in the maternity ward after examinations by physicians coming directly from the autopsy room.
Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis
How is Yersinia pestis transmitted?
Through the bite of a rat flea
Bacteria reproduces ____________.
asexually (via binary fission)
Virus and Prions are under ____________.
Acellular Microbes
Period:
Contribution: Utilization of solid culture media
1881
The first recorded epidemic was ____________.
Pestilence or Plague
Syphilis was brought to Portugal by __________.
Christopher Columbus
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Syphilis cure
Paul Erlich
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Discovery of Bacillus anthracis
Robert Koch
It is an Egyptian medical list of diseases and its treatment.
Ebers Papyrus
Leeuwenhoek is the Father of _____________.
Microbiology, Bacteriology, and Protozoology
These are characteristics that are visible, or observable.
Phenotypical
It is an infectious disease that is capabale of spreading from person-to-person.
Communicable Disease
These are specimens obtained from sites without normal flora.
Sterile Specimens
Period:
Contribution: Publication of the paper supporting germ theory of disease
1862
Algae, Fungi, and Protozoa is under __________.
Eukaryotes
An infection that arises from colonizing flora.
Endogenous Infection
Why can’t M. tuberculosis be stained methylene blue?
It has a high fatty-acid content which make its cell wall waxy
Period:
Contribution: Viruses
1892
Koch also developed methods of ________________ bacteria.
staining, fixing, photographing, and cultivating
What date was Ebers Papyrus encountered?
1500 BC
Period:
Contribution: Smallpox Vaccination - first scientific validation
1796
Briefly explain John Tyndall’s contribution
- He provided initial evidence that some microbes have high heat resistance thus, more vigorous treatment is required.
- Tyndallization
Give examples of fastidious bacteria
Neisseria (iron) and Haemophilus (blood)
These microbes contain both RNA and DNA, are capable for self-replication, and has a complex cell wall structure.
Bacteria
Key Scientist:
Contribution: Enrichment Culture Media
Martinus Beijerinck
Period:
Contribution: Observation of “little animals”
1667
Period:
Contribution: Spontaneous Generation disproved
1861
These are parts of the body with normal flora.
Non-sterile Sites
