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Bacteriology > Bacterial Morphology > Flashcards

Bacterial Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Pappenheim Stain example

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis - red
  • Mycobacterium lacticola -blue
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2
Q

Colony Size:
Description: About the same size of a pinhead

A

Small

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3
Q

Sodoku is a _________ infection.

A

rat bite

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4
Q

Margin:
Description: Branched edge

A

Fringed or Filamentous

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5
Q

Colony Odor: Mousy or Mouse nest
Bacteria:

A

Haemophilus spp.

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6
Q

Colonial Characteristics According to Hemolytic Pattern

A
  • Beta Hemolysis
  • Alpha Hemolysis
  • Gamma Hemolysis
  • Alpha Prime Hemolysis
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7
Q

Colony Height: Convex
Description:

A

Dome shaped

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8
Q

Fontana-Tribondeau spirochetes stain color

A

Dark Brown or Black

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9
Q

Colony Height: Flat
Description:

A

No visible elevation or height

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10
Q

It is the causative agent of diphteria.

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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11
Q

An example of coccus in sarcina/e is ___________.

A

Micrococcus luteus

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12
Q

Colony Size:
Description: Slightly larger than a pinhead

A

Medium

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13
Q

It differentiates gram positive bacteria from gram negative bacteria.

A

Gram Staining

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14
Q

Margin:
Description: Circular without interruptions

A

Smooth or Entire

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15
Q

Colony Texture:
Description: Cauliflower appearance

A

Rough and Warty

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16
Q

Colony Texture: Creamy butyrous
Description:

A

Butterlike

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17
Q

The background of the bacteria in indirect staining is _________.

A

Stained

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18
Q

Colony Density:
Description: Light shines through the colony

A

Transparent

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19
Q

An anaerobic bacteria which is found as a normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

A

Fusobacterium spp.

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20
Q

A bacteria that has a parallel shape is called ________.

A

Palisading

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21
Q

According to Bailey and Scott, most bacteria has a size which ranges from ________ in length.

A

1 - 3 um

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22
Q

How many hours is the standard incubation?

A

18-24

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23
Q

Under K antigen, we have __________.

A
  • Vi Antigen
  • K1 Antigen
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24
Q

It is the causative agent of tuberculosis.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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25
Q

India Ink or Nigrosin stain color

A

Black

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26
Q

Colony Texture: Brittle or Splinters
Description:

A

Crumbling Colony

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27
Q

WAYSON bipolar bodies stain color

A

Red

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28
Q

Colonial Characteristics According to Texture/Appearance

A
  • Brittle or Splinters
  • Creamy Butyrous
  • Dry and Waxy
  • Rough and Warty
  • Mucoid
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29
Q

What is the purpose of Indirect Staining?

A

To identify medically important capsulated bacteria as well as strains of Cryptococcus spp.

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30
Q

Wirtz-Conklin spores stain color

A

Green

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31
Q

A helical or twisted bacteria.

A

Spiral

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32
Q

Stains for Bacterial Spores or Endospres

A
  • Fulton-Schaeffer
  • Dorner
  • Wirtz-Conklin
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33
Q

It is when bacilli appears in various sizes, forms, and arrangement.

A

Pleomorphism

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34
Q

A type of staining which actually provides coloration to the background of the smear while rendering the bacteria and covering structure unstained.

A

Indirect/Negative/Relief Stain

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35
Q

The height of the colony is called ________.

A

Elevation

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36
Q

It is the causative agent of SODOKU.

A

Spirillum minor/minus

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37
Q

A club-shaped or barb-shaped arranged in palisade, fence stick, or cigarette packet. It also resembles X,Y,Z or Chinese characters.

A

Irregular bacilli

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38
Q

Margin: Rough or Rhizoid
Description:

A

Crenated edge

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39
Q

A cocci divided by two or more planes of division in an irregular pattern is called ________.

A

Cocci in Clusters (Staphylococci)

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40
Q

It contains two or more chromogens which further differentiates specific component within the bacterial cell.

A

Differential Stain

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41
Q

Colony Density:
Description: Light won’t shine through the colony

A

Opaque

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42
Q

Margin:
Description: Lobulated edge

A

Lobate

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43
Q

Fulton-Schaeffer spores stain color

A

Green

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44
Q

Colony Odor: Corn tortilla/Fruity
Bacteria:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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45
Q

Which bacteria exhibits a gamma hemolytic pattern?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis

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46
Q

Hemolysis Type: Alpha Prime
Description:

A

Inner alpha hemolysis surrounded by an outer beta hemolysis

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47
Q

It is the causative agent of soft chancre or chancroid.

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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48
Q

Colony Height:
Description: Raised or Bulging center

A

Umbonate (outie)

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49
Q

Colony Texture:
Description: Wet and Sticky

A

Mucoid

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50
Q

Stains for Chlamydia

A
  • Gimenez
  • Macchiavello
  • Giemsa
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51
Q

Neisseria spp. is a kidney or coffee bean shape diplococci except _______.

A

Neisseria weaveri and Neisseria elongata

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52
Q

These are examples of a bacteria that is S or C shaped bacilli which sometimes resemble a seagull wing.

A
  • Campylobacter spp.
  • Helicobacter spp.
  • Arcobacter spp.
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53
Q

The appearance of the edge of the colony is called __________.

A

Margin

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54
Q

Stain for Capsule

A
  • HISS
  • TYLER
  • MUIR
  • GIN
  • WADSWORTH
  • WELCH
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55
Q

Two cocci adjacent to one another is called ________.

A

Diplococci

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56
Q

What are the other stains for Acid Fast organisms?

A
  • Pappenheim Stain
  • Baumgarten Stain
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57
Q

__________ are helical, but rigid.

A

Spirillum spp.

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58
Q

What are the 3 stains used in indirect staining?

A
  • India Ink or Nigrosin
  • Congo Red
  • Anthony
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59
Q

WELCH capsule stain color

A

Pale Violet

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60
Q

What do you call a bacillus in chains?

A

Streptobacillus/Streptobacilli

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61
Q

Hemolysis Type: Alpha
Description:

A

Greenish or brownish zone around the colony; incomplete/partial hemolysis

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62
Q

Colonial Characteristics According to Margin

A
  • Smooth or Entire
  • Undulate
  • Rough or Rhizoid
  • Lobate
  • Fringed or Filamentous
  • Fingerlike
  • Irregular
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63
Q

Colony Height:
Description: Depressed or Concave center

A

Umbilicate (innie)

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64
Q

Stains for Rickettsia

A
  • Castaneda
  • Macchiavello
  • Giemsa
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65
Q

An example of cocci in clusters are ___________.

A

Staphylococcus spp.

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66
Q

_________ has a mucoid texture.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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67
Q

It is the causative agent of leptospirosis.

A

Leptospira interrogans

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68
Q

Lindegren granule stain color

A

Reddish-Brown

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69
Q

The resulting arrangement of cocci depends on the ___________.

A

Plane of Division

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70
Q

What are the 4 Categories of Staining?

A
  1. Direct/Simple Stain
  2. Differential Stain
  3. Selective/Special Stain
  4. Indirect/Negative/Relief Stain
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71
Q

An example of a bacteria that is large, square cut-ends, spore forming bacillus in chains is ___________.

A

Bacillus anthracis

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72
Q

All diplococci are adjacent to each other except the:

A

Neisseria spp.

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73
Q

_________ has a rough and warty texture.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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74
Q

Albert granule stain color

A

Blue-black

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75
Q

Macchiavello (chlamydia) stain color

A

Red

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76
Q

According to Bailey and Scott, most bacteria has a size which ranges from ________ in width.

A

0.25 - 1 um

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77
Q

Colony Color: Lime Yellow
Bacteria:

A

Micrococcus luteus

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78
Q

This staining procedure separates almost all medically relevant bacteria into two general types.

A

Gram Staining

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79
Q

Ljubinsky granule stain color

A

Dark Violet

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80
Q

Margin: Fringed or Filamentous
Description:

A

Branchlike edge

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81
Q

These are coccus in packets of four.

A

Tetrads

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82
Q

An example of cocci in chains are __________.

A

Streptococcus spp.

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83
Q

Levaditi Silver Impregnation spirochetes stain color

A

Black

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84
Q

Burke’s Technique

A

A modified gram staining technique

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85
Q

Giemsa (chlamydia) stain color

A

Purple

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86
Q

Hemolysis Type: Beta
Description:

A

Clear zone around the colony; complete hemolysis

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87
Q

Castaneda stain color

A

Blue

88
Q

An example of a bacterium that is a spiral with two or more curves, and quite rigid is the __________.

A

Spirillum minor/minus

89
Q

What is the ideal source of blood for agar?

A

5% sheep’s blood

90
Q

Hemolysis Type:
Description: Inner alpha hemolysis surrounded by outer beta hemolysis.

A

Alpha Prime

91
Q

It is the largest bacterium known, which was found in ocean sediments.

A

Thiomargarita namibiensis

92
Q

Margin: Smooth or Entire
Description:

A

Circular without interruptions

93
Q

Colony Texture: Rough and Warty
Description:

A

Cauliflower appearance

94
Q

Stain for Bipolar Bodies (Yersinia pestis)

A

WAYSON

95
Q

The optical property to pass light through the bacterial colony.

A

Density

96
Q

A cocci divided by three planes of division is called ________.

A

Sarcina/e

97
Q

Giemsa (rickettsia) stain color

A

Blue

98
Q

Congo Red stain color

A

Red

99
Q

_________ has a creamy butyrous texture.

A

Staphylococcus spp.

100
Q

An antigen associated with the capsule.

A

K

101
Q

It uses fluorochrome dyes such as Auramine or Rhodamine which remains in the cell wall even after decolorization.

A

Fluorochrome Staining

102
Q

An example of a bacteria that is slim, slender, threadlike bacillus, sometimes arranged in serpentine cord pattern in smear.

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

103
Q

Colony Odor: Unwashed Stockings
Bacteria:

A

Staphylococcus spp.

104
Q

Colony Size:
Description: Usually 6-8 mm in diameter

A

Large

105
Q

Colony Texture:
Description: Crumbling colony

A

Brittle or Splinters

106
Q

An example of a bacteria that is a loosely twisted spiral that resembles a stretched spiral is _________.

A

Borrelia spp.

107
Q

Margin: Fingerlike
Description:

A

Uneven rounded projections

108
Q

Which bacteria exhibits a beta hemolytic pattern?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

109
Q

An example of coccus in tetrads is _________.

A

Micrococcus tetragena

110
Q

According to Mahon, most bacteria has a size which ranges from ________.

A

0.4 - 2 um

111
Q

Colony Color: Red
Bacteria:

A

Serratia marcescens

112
Q

It is an important concept in flagellar stain which coats, swells, and precipitates the flagella enhancing its visualization.

A

Tannic Acid

113
Q

Stains for Flagella

A
  • Leifson
  • Gray
  • Silver
  • Fisher-Conn
114
Q

Colony Odor: Freshly plowed field
Bacteria:

A

Nocardia spp.

115
Q

Colony Color: Blue Green
Bacteria:

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

116
Q

Colony Height: Raised
Description:

A

Slight elevation

117
Q

TYLER capsule stain color

A

Light Violet

118
Q

It specifically highlight or emphasize certain bacterial cell structures or components.

A

Selective or Special Stain

119
Q

Enumerate the Workflow in Bacterial identification

A
  1. Specimen Collection
  2. Direct Microscopic Examination
  3. Culture
  4. Bacterial Identification
  5. Biochemical Test
  6. AST
120
Q

HISS capsule stain color

A

Pale Brown

121
Q

Margin: Lobate
Description:

A

Lobulated edge

122
Q

A cocci divided by one plane of division is called ________.

A

Diplococci or Diplococcus

123
Q

Hemolysis Type: Gamma
Description:

A

No hemolysis around the colony

124
Q

India Ink Negative Stain spirochetes stain color

A

Spirochetes unstained, background is black

125
Q

Colony Size: Pinpoint
Description:

A

Colonies less than 1 mm

126
Q

It usually contains one specific active chromogen in the stain.

A

Direct or Simple Stain

127
Q

Colony Odor: Rancid Potato
Bacteria:

A

Serratia odorifera

128
Q

Colony Size: Small
Description:

A

About the same size of a pinhead

129
Q

It is the causative agent of anthrax.

A

Bacillus anthracis

130
Q

An antigen that is found in Escherichia coli.

A

K1 Antigen

131
Q

It is the causative agent of relapsing fever and lyme disease.

A

Borrelia spp.

132
Q

Colony Odor: Ammonia like
Bacteria:

A

Acinetobacter spp.

133
Q

What do you call a bacillus that are small, short, stout/plump?

A

Coccobacillus

134
Q

Dienes mycoplasma stain color

A

Blue

135
Q

Margin:
Description: Crenated edge

A

Rough or Rhizoid

136
Q

Margin:
Description: Wavy edge

A

Undulate

137
Q

Margin:
Description: Uneven rounded projections

A

Fingerlike

138
Q

These are coccus in cubical packets of eight.

A

Sarcina/e

139
Q

An example of a diplococcus is __________.

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

140
Q

Colony Size: Large
Description:

A

Usually 6-8 mm in diameter

141
Q

_________ has a dry and waxy texture.

A

Diphtheroid

142
Q

Hemolysis Type:
Description: No hemolysis around the colony

A

Gamma

143
Q

Colony Size:
Description: Colonies less than 1 mm

A

Pinpoint

144
Q

Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue (LAMP) granule stain color

A

Red

145
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a _________ diplococci.

A

flame or lancet shaped

146
Q

Colony Color: Violet
Bacteria:

A

Chromobacterium violaceum

147
Q

What is the size of the largest bacterium known?

A

0.1 - 0.3 mm

148
Q

Colony Texture:
Description: Sticky

A

Dry and Waxy

149
Q

Hemolysis Type:
Description: Greenish or brownish zone around the colony; incomplete/partial hemolysis

A

Alpha

150
Q

What is the purpose of Differential Staining?

A

To differentiate and group the bacteria

151
Q

A cocci divided by two planes of division is called ________.

A

Tetrads

152
Q

It is a kidney or coffee bean shaped diplococci.

A

Neisseria spp.

153
Q

Colony Height: Umbonate (outie)
Description:

A

Raised or Bulging center

154
Q

It differentiates acid-fast organisms from non acid-fast organisms.

A

Acid Fast Staining

155
Q

An example of a bacteria that is a tightly twisted spiral resembling a cork screw is _____________.

A

Treponema pallidum

156
Q

Dorner spores stain color

A

Red

157
Q

An example of a curved or comma shaped bacilli is __________.

A

Vibrio spp.

158
Q

__________ are helical, but more flexible.

A

Spirochetes

159
Q

An example of a bacterium that is a tightly twisted spiral with one or both ends bent into a hook, resembling a question mark is __________.

A

Leptospira interrogans

160
Q

Colony Height: Umbilicate (innie)
Description:

A

Depressed or Concaved center

161
Q

Colony Height:
Description: Dome shaped

A

Convex

162
Q

What do you call a bacillus in pair?

A

Diplobacillus/Diplobacilli

163
Q

Stain for Mycoplasma

A

Dienes

164
Q

In differential staining technique, it includes a ________ step which is the most critical step.

A

Decolorization

165
Q

It is the causative agent of venereal syphilis.

A

Treponema pallidum

166
Q

What is the purpose of Simple Staining?

A

To enhance the appreciation of bacterial morphology.

167
Q

Hemolysis Type:
Description: Clear zone around the colony; complete hemolysis

A

Beta

168
Q

An example of a bacteria that is large, rounded-ends, non-spore forming bacillus arranged in chains is ____________.

A

Fusobacterium spp.

169
Q

Baumgarten stain uses ___________ as a decolorizer.

A

Rosolic Acid

170
Q

An antigen associated with the flagella.

A

H

171
Q

An example of a bacteria that is small and short bacillus arranged in school of fish, railroad track, and fingerprint pattern in a smear is ___________.

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

172
Q

An example of an irregular bacilli is _________.

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

173
Q

A cocci divided continuously by one plane of division is called ________.

A

Cocci in Chains (Streptococci)

174
Q

Colony Size: Medium
Description:

A

Slightly larger than a pinhead

175
Q

Baumgarten Stain example

A
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis: blue
  • Mycobacterium leprae: red
176
Q

WADSWORTH capsule stain color

A

Capsule is pink, bacteria is blue

177
Q

Stains for Spirochetes

A
  • Fontana-Tribondeau
  • Levaditi Silver Impregnation
  • India Ink Negative Stain
178
Q

Give examples of branching or filamentous bacilli

A
  • Nocardia spp.
  • Actinomyces spp.
  • Actinomycetes spp.
179
Q

The commonly used simple stains are __________.

A
  • Crystal Violet
  • Gentian Violet
  • Methylene Blue
  • Malachite Green
180
Q

The bacteria and structure of the bacteria in indirect staining is __________.

A

Unstained

181
Q

It is the process of examining the colonial characteristics of the bacterial colonies that grew in each culture media.

A

Plate Reading

182
Q

Colony Texture: Mucoid
Description:

A

Wet and sticky

183
Q

Stain for Cell Wall

A

Victoria Blue Dye

184
Q

Margin: Undulate
Description:

A

Wavy edge

185
Q

A bacteria with pointed end is called _________.

A

Fusiform

186
Q

Gimenez stain color

A

Red

187
Q

What are the sources of blood in an agar?

A
  • 5% sheep’s blood
  • Horse blood
  • Human blood
188
Q

Macchiavello (rickettsia) stain color

A

Red

189
Q

Which bacteria exhibits an alpha hemolytic pattern?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

190
Q

Colonial Characteristics According to Elevation

A
  • Flat
  • Raised
  • Convex
  • Umbilicate (innie)
  • Umbonate (outie)
191
Q

An antigen associated with the cell wall.

A

O

192
Q

What is the purpose of a Special Stain?

A

For the presumptive identification of the bacteria

193
Q

_________ has a brittle or splinter appearance.

A

Nocardia spp.

194
Q

Colony Texture: Dry and Waxy
Description:

A

Sticky

195
Q

Colonial Characteristics According to Size

A
  • Pinpoint
  • Small
  • Medium
  • Large
196
Q

Colony Texture:
Description: Butterlike

A

Creamy butyrous

197
Q

An ovoid-shaped bacteria is called _________.

A

Coccobacilli

198
Q

A cylindrical, rod-shaped, and elongated bacteria is called _________.

A

Bacilli

199
Q

Victoria Blue Dye stains the cell wall ________.

A

Blue

200
Q

MUIR capsule stain color

A

Light Blue

201
Q

Colony Density:
Description: Light will shine through the colony

A

Translucent

202
Q

Stains for Metachromatic Granules/Babes Ernst Bodies/Volutin

A
  • Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue (LAMB)
  • Albert
  • Neisser
  • Lindegren
  • Burke’s Technique
  • Ljubinsky
203
Q

A circular or spherical-shaped bacteria is called _________.

A

Cocci

204
Q

Colony Color: Golden Yellow
Bacteria:

A

Staphylococcus aureus

205
Q

In specimen collection, where do we get our source?

A

from the site of infection

206
Q

Margin:
Description: Uneven length of projection with no definite shape

A

Irregular

207
Q

It is the bacteria’s ability to lyse RBCs in the culture media.

A

Hemolytic Pattern

208
Q

Neisser granule stain color

A

Dark Blue

209
Q

Anthony stain color

A

Purple

210
Q

It imparts an artificial coloration not only to the bacteria but for other components as well, for us to visualize them better using the microscope.

A

Staining

211
Q

Margin: Irregular
Description:

A

Uneven length of projections with no definite shape

212
Q

GIN capsule stain color

A

Capsule is unstained, but the bacteria will be stained with its margins delineated by ink.

213
Q

Colony Height:
Description: No visible elevation or height

A

Flat

214
Q

Colony Height:
Description: Slight elevation

A

Raised

215
Q

It is associated with the specific capsular antigen of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi.

A

Vi Antigen

216
Q

Gram Negative Diplococci

A

Neisseria spp.

217
Q

Gram Positive Diplococci

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Bacteriology (17 decks)

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